PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Saiz Ruiz

Publications and source records attributed to J Saiz Ruiz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Pharmacological treatment of depression].

Depression is a disorder with higher prevalence that generates important costs in the personal and socioeconomic fields. We have currently various antidepressants drugs for its treatment. In this article a review of these drugs is carried out, including various approaches necessary for addressing the special characteristics of each clinical situation. Pharmacological strategies for resistant depression are evaluated later. Finally, the future research lines are analyzed in order to improve the pharmacological depression treatment.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Familiar history of suicidal behavior].

Suicide is such a serious public health problem that it has been proposed as an indicator of mental health of a society. Self-harm, a behavior related with suicide, is also a public health problem with a prevalence 8 to 15 times higher than suicide. Suicide behavior is the result of different social, cultural, biological and psychopathological factors and affects all the cultures. This clinical case of 4 brothers from a family of 8 siblings seen repeatedly due to suicide attempts make it possible to discuss these factors. The family and social report describes a low economical and cultural level. The family climate is marked by aggressive environment and inappropriate care of the children. Different members of the siblings initiated drug consumption as a teenager. It is interesting to point out the high frequency of suicide attempts in this family and the health resources used as well as the deterioration in the quality of life associated. The elevated weight of the fa m i ly factors in the development of the suicide behavioris observed and offers the opportunity of questioning if whether it is the environmental factors, genetic vulnerability to mental disorder or specific predisposition to suicidal behavior that is transmitted in the family.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma neuropeptides in affective and anxiety disorders].

The levels of Neurotensin, VIP, Somatostatin, beta-endorphin and Bombesin have been investigated in plasma of 16 depressed and 20 anxious patients. VIP and Neurotensin were found significantly decreased in patients vs a group of 20 controls. Neurotensin levels returned to normal values after recovery. There were no significant differences from the normal in the concentrations of Somatostatin, beta-endorphin and Bombesin in the disease groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathological gambling: a clinical and therapeutic-evolutive study of a group of pathologic gamblers].

Gambling dependence or pathological gambling is a psychiatric disorder, recognised as such by the North American Psychiatric Association since 1980. Since 1981 we are carrying out a treatment program for patients who suffer from pathological gambling at the Psychiatric Service of "Ramón y Cajal" Hospital. There is an individualized treatment for each patient and their inclusion in group therapy discussions. We present a descriptive study of the most representative socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic-evolutive data of 46 patients following treatment in our program. All fulfill the diagnostic criteria of DSM III-R for pathological gambling. They were 37 males and 9 females, with an average age of 39 years. More than half of the patients (58%) were consumers of alcoholic beverages; the drug consumption index found was 4% and practically they all were smokers (87%). The excessive drinking and pathological gambling incidence found among family were 35% and 20% respectively. Our therapeutic results support the idea that pathological gambling is a treatable disorder. After an average of two years following treatment 46% of our patients stopped or notably reduced its impulse to gamble. The high incidence of alcohol or drugs consumption among pathological gamblers and their families suggest a biological and psychological relationship between pathological gambling and the classical addictive disorders.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cycloid psychoses. A case report].

Cycloid psychoses, described by Leonhard, have a sudden onset, unstable polymorphic delusion symptomatology, labile state of consciousness, lack of physical symptoms, quick remission with no residual mental abnormalities and normality between episodes. Leonhard distinguished three clinical forms: anxiety-happiness psychosis, excited-inhibited confusion psychosis and hyperkinetic-akinetic motility psychosis. The essential characteristics of this clinical subtypes are: polymorphism, global disturbance of psychic life, acute appearance of symptoms, total insomnia 3 days before onset of symptomatology, intra and interepisode lability, polar structure, tendency to repetition of episodes (phases) and a good long-term prognosis. We present a patient's clinical history and evolution that illustrate the characteristics of this kind of endogenous psychoses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Complications of dysmorphophobia. Description of a self-mutilation case].

Dysmorphophobia, also known as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), can become a serious illness that results in severe complications such as social isolation, self-mutilations, suicide attempts, and even suicide. Many authors currently include BDD among the spectrum of obsessive-compulsive disorders. There are two distinguishable variants of BDD: psychotic and non-psychotic. The current trend considers these variants as one same disorder characterized by an insight spectrum. However, the psychotic variant exhibits more severe symptoms. We present a case of dysmorphophobia with psychotic symptoms that required psychiatric hospitalization due to serious complications. We discuss the presence of tactile and propioceptive sensations in some BDD patients and their contribution to their distress. Finally, we discuss a great propensity of BDD patients to conceal their symptoms. Thus, it is important for the clinician to specifically inquire about these symptoms, especially in high-risk groups, to prevent occurrence of serious complications.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological bases of obsessive-compulsive disorder].

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, combines several characteristics which suggest an organic etiopathology. The evidence relies on: genetic studies; the treatment response to drugs with serotonergic profile; the appearance of obsessive-compulsive disorder after cerebral nervous system damages; the existence of neurophysiological alterations; good response to neurosurgery and negative course evaluation. In spite of all, the studies of the biological bases of the Obsessive-compulsive Disorder are scarce, which perhaps can be explained due to its relatively low incidence. The present paper reviews all available studies in this area, those referred to family predisposition, dysfunctions of neurotransmission systems, specific biological markers or those common to depression and the most recent research (including new brain imaging techniques) on organic etiology of this disorder.

Biomarkers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Impulsive suicidal behavior and serotonin].

In a group of 17 suicidal patients which either had previous suicidal attempts or presented other impulsive behaviors, response to Prl, cortisol and GH to the serotonergic dl-fenfluramine agonist were studied. Suicidal patients suffering from depressive disorders were previously excluded, as well as those with psychotic disorders. The results were compared with those of a control group (n = 17) matched for sex (76.5% females and 23.5% males in both groups) and age (25.1 years old, sd: 10 for the suicidal group and 25.3 years old, sd: 8.7 for controls; t = -0.07, df = 32, p. = .47). The most significant finding were the following: 1) Response to Prl in the suicidal group was significantly lower to that of controls, as much as in absolute terms (Prl = max-baseline): 7.4 ng/ml. (sd: 10.3) vs 15.5 ng/ml (sd: 14.1) (t = -1.9, df = 32, p less than .03) as percentage wise (Prl % = max-baseline): 106.6% (sd: 108.8) vs 214% (sd: 167.6) (t = -2.22, df = 32, p. less than .02). 2) The response of cortisol in the suicidal group was significantly lower to that of controls as much as in absolute terms (Cor = max-baseline): 1.7 ng/ml (sd: 2.8) vs 5 ng/ml (sd 5.4) (t = -2.25, df = 32, p less than .02) as percentage wise (Cor % max-baseline: 11.6% (sd: 19.8) vs 47.1% (sd: 56.7) (t = -2.44, df = 32, p less than 01). Baseline concentration of cortisol in suicidal patients was significantly higher to that of the controls (17.8 ng/ml (sd: 5.6) vs 13.3 ng/ml (sd: 5.3) (t = 2.41, df = 32, p less than .01). These results are in concordance with previous ones which suggest that a serotonergic dysfunction is present in patients which carry out impulsive suicidal attempts. Besides those patients have also higher indexes of stress and of an inefficiency of coping with acute stressful situations.

Acting Out↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Weight gain secondary to treatment with lithium carbonate].

During one year we have studied the weight gain secondary to lithium in 80 patients in long-term maintenance treatment. Out of 80 patients, 28 increased weight. Nearly all gained less than 10% of initial weight. There is not connection between weight and thirst or edema. Weight gain was not a cause for discontinuation treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Depressive symptomatology and culture: a comparative study (author's transl)].

After a brief introduction reminding classical affirmations on the rarety of depression in black Africa and more recent one, recognizing its presence and frequency, the authors, using the Hamilton Rating Scale, attempt to identify the specific characters of depression in patients from Senegal and Madrid. Aside from symptoms non dependent on the cultural milieu, others are closely linked to it, such as paranoid symptoms in black Africa.

Adult↗