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Biomedical subjects

J Salomon

Publications and source records attributed to J Salomon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Liquid crystal temperature monitoring for microsurgery.

Postoperative monitoring of free tissue transfers remains a problem for the microsurgeon. Liquid crystal temperature probes (LCT) are used by anesthesiologists to monitor patient core temperature and to indicate changes in temperature trends as an indicator of pending malignant hyperthermia. By placing an LCT monitor on the flap and adjacent tissue at the completion of surgery, temperature differentials can be reliably monitored. If the temperature differential exceeds 2 degrees C, the flap is re-explored. The LCT readout resembles a standard thermometer and can easily be recorded by even inexperienced personnel. LCTs are a convenient, inexpensive, and easy method to monitor both free muscle and free fasciocutaneous flaps.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1990

Apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing is developmentally regulated and widely expressed in human tissues.

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) messenger RNA (mRNA) undergoes posttranscriptional (C to U) editing, producing tissue-specific forms of apoB from the unedited (apoB100) and edited (apoB48) transcripts. ApoB mRNA editing is developmentally regulated in human fetal small intestine, producing parallel changes in the synthesis and secretion of apoB100 and apoB48. Neither fetal nor adult liver contained detectable levels (less than 1%) of edited apoB mRNA. By contrast, apoB mRNA is incrementally edited during development in several extraintestinal fetal tissues. These tissues demonstrated significant differences, however, in both the extent and developmental profile of apoB mRNA editing. Additionally, while apoB100 synthesis and secretion was demonstrated in these tissues, apoB48 synthesis was confined to the small intestine. Thus, although the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear, the capacity to edit apoB mRNA is widely distributed among both fetal and adult tissues. We speculate that the asynchronous and developmentally modulated induction of apoB mRNA editing may provide a novel mechanism for regulating lipoprotein biogenesis in both the developing fetus and adult human.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Aortic dissecting aneurysm during pregnancy].

Aortic dissecting aneurysm is a rare, serious complication of pregnancy. This condition was diagnosed in a 34-year-old woman in the 38th week of pregnancy. Cesarean section was immediately performed, and was followed by surgical repair of the dissection. A normal male infant was delivered.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Dissecting aortic aneurysm in pregnant women without Marfan disease.

Dissection of the young women without Marfan disease is related, in most instances, to pregnancy. The structural changes in the arterial wall that occur during pregnancy may predispose women to this complication of pregnancy. In this study, two young women, who had none of the characteristics of Marfan's syndrome, were operated upon for dissection of the ascending aorta. The first patient was in the 35th week of gestation and a cesarean section was performed prior to replacement of the ascending aorta. In the second patient, diagnosis of dissection and severe aortic regurgitation occurred in the postpartum period. Knowledge of this albeit relatively rare complication of pregnancy may assist the clinician in diagnosing and referring patients early for surgical treatment that, in most instances, may save the lives of both mother and fetus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Sudden cardiac death from acute fluoride intoxication: the role of potassium.

The mechanism of sudden cardiac death following acute fluoride intoxication has been thought to result from profound hypocalcemia produced by the precipitation of calcium fluoride salts. In studies of a canine model, the onset of lethal ventricular arrhythmias was temporally more associated with an elevation of serum potassium than with a drop in serum calcium. Fluoride-induced hyperkalemia could not be prevented with glucose, insulin, or bicarbonate. In the erythrocytes, a five-minute exposure to 10 mM NaF caused a 50% increase in extracellular potassium concentrations after 12 hours compared to control erythrocyte suspensions (P less than .001). The total potassium efflux after 12 hours of incubation was linearly related to the log of fluoride contact time (r, 0.886; P less than .001). The treatment of fluoride-induced hyperkalemia may depend on removal of fluoride and potassium.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Echocardiogram of pulmonary embolism in evolution.

Echocardiography during active pulmonary embolism can reveal the embolic mass in transit through the chambers of the right side of the heart. The pattern produced is that of multiple masses of varying sizes, shapes, and densities moving from the right atrium to the right ventricle. It was not present on repeated echocardiogram performed several weeks later, after anticoagulation treatment. Proper recognition of this pattern can lead to prompt medical treatment with anticoagulants, which, in this case, led to a quite satisfactory clinical outcome.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1985

Constrictive pericarditis after myocardial infarction. Sequela of anticoagulant-induced hemopericardium.

Hemopericardium developed following adequate (and not excessive) anticoagulation in a patient with acute transmural anterior myocardial infarction and an early pericardial friction rub. Drainage of a bloody effusion by pericardiocentesis did not prevent progression to constrictive pericarditis within one year. The clinical features of this case and of the only two other similar occurrences reported in the medical literature are described and lead to a discussion of therapeutic and preventive measures.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1985

The manipulation of potassium efflux during fluoride intoxication: implications for therapy.

Based on findings in 2 fluoride-toxic patients, it was suspected that hyperkalemia played a clinically important role in the etiology of sudden death from fluoride poisoning. Using fluoridated human erythrocytes as an in vitro model, it was confirmed that fluoride produced a marked potassium efflux from intact cells. Further, neither glucose and insulin in pharmacologic doses, nor various buffers could halt the efflux by shifting the potassium intracellularly. If these results can be extrapolated to the clinical situation, removal of potassium and fluoride via exchange resins or dialysis remains the only reasonable approach to this life threatening problem. Aside from sudden hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia, no serologic marker for fluoride toxicity has been identified. A high degree of clinical suspicion is therefore essential to the diagnosis.

Calcium↗
PubMed1983

Nuclear left ventriculography at rest and during atrial pacing in the evaluation of coronary artery disease.

This study was undertaken to examine the value of rapid atrial pacing (RAP) combined with left-ventricular nuclear (LVN) angiography in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. It included 32 patients: 12 normal subjects and 20 with clinical coronary artery disease (CAD) and greater than 50% narrowing of a coronary artery (significant CAD). The ECG and an LVN angiogram (LVNA) were recorded at rest and during graded RAP. In the normal subjects, left-ventricular wall motion was normal at rest and during atrial pacing, but a wall motion abnormality (WMA) appeared in one subject. Left-ventricular ejection fraction (EF) did not change significantly. In the 20 patients with significant CAD, the diagnostic sensitivity of the ECG during RAP was 100% and 90% for the nuclear angiogram (presence or appearance of WMA at rest and during RAP). The mean EF in this group decreased from 0.38 to 0.31. WMA on the LVNA was present in 79% of patients with significant left-anterior descending, in 44% of those with right, and in 33% of those with circumflex coronary artery disease. WMA (at rest or on pacing) occurred in 17% of patients with 50 to 89% narrowing of an artery, in 50% with 90 to 99% narrowing and in 68% with total obstructions. The LVNA (rest and/or RAP) identified patients with significant single-vessel disease, but underestimated the extent of double-and triple-vessel disease. The LVNA at rest and during atrial pacing was an excellent method of evaluating significant coronary artery disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Patient-reported compliance with cystic fibrosis therapy.

Parents and patients in the Rhode Island Cystic Fibrosis Center were interviewed to determine the extent of compliance with various aspects of the therapeutic regimen. Current patterns of compliance were compared with retrospective clinic records of reported compliance up to 8 years prior to the time of study. Actual clinic attendance and reported compliance with medications were high. Patients reported significantly lower compliance with diet and chest physiotherapy. Most patients reported less compliance with chest physiotherapy at the time of study than 3 to 8 years earlier, regardless of the severity of their lung disease. Patients frequently reported self-medication with non-prescribed vitamins, antibiotics, or other drugs. Patients' perceptions of the severity of their disease and the possible adverse consequences of discontinuing therapy probably contribute to both good medication compliance and self-medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Left ventricular rupture after mitral valve replacement. Report of two cases and a review of the literature.

Rupture of the left ventricle following mitral valve replacement occurred in 2 women among 520 patients (0.4%) during a 17-year-period at the Beilinson Medical Centre. In one patient, a delayed, type II rupture, followed by immediate exanguination, resulted from a 31 mm cloth-covered Starr-Edwards prosthesis inserted in a normal sized left ventricle. In the second patient, an intra-operative type I rupture occurred as a result of an over-zealous resection of a heavily calcified valve and annulus. Repeated attempts at surgical repair were unsuccessful. A review of 46 previously reported cases revealed several other factors that might be responsible for this complication which carries a 40-100% mortality rte, depending on whether it is diagnosed intra-operatively or in the immediate postoperative period. These factors and the variety of surgical approaches used for the repair of this grave complication are discussed.

Adult↗