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Biomedical subjects

J Salt

Publications and source records attributed to J Salt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Mind-reading difficulties in the siblings of people with Asperger's syndrome: evidence for a genetic influence in the abnormal development of a specific cognitive domain.

BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests that the phenotype associated with Asperger's syndrome (AS) includes difficulties in understanding the mental states of others, leading to difficulties in social communication and social relationships. It has also been suggested that the first-degree relatives of those with AS can demonstrate similar difficulties, albeit to a lesser extent. This study examined 'theory of mind' (ToM) abilities in the siblings of children with AS relative to a matched control group. METHOD: 27 children who had a sibling with AS were administered the children's version of the 'Eyes Test' (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Stone, & Rutherford, 1999). The control group consisted of 27 children matched for age, sex, and a measure of verbal comprehension, and who did not have a family history of AS/autism. RESULTS: A significant difference was found between the groups on the Eyes Test, the 'siblings' group showing a poorer performance on this measure of social cognition. The difference was more pronounced among female siblings. DISCUSSION: These results are discussed in terms of the familial distribution of a neuro-cognitive profile associated with AS, which confers varying degrees of social handicap amongst first-degree relatives. The implication of this finding with regard to the autism/AS phenotype is explored, with some discussion of why this neuro-cognitive profile (in combination with corresponding strengths) may have an evolutionary imperative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Challenges and opportunities in developing and marketing vaccines for OIE List A and emerging animal diseases.

Veterinary pharmaceutical products generated 14.5 billion U.S. Dollars (USD) in worldwide sales in 2000, with biological products contributing 16.2 percent or 2.3 billion USD. The leading biological products were foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines, with 284 million USD in sales, representing 26.4 percent of the entire livestock biological business. Despite the potential opportunities for the biologicals industry, non-vaccination policies and undefined control and eradication strategies have deterred the private sector from significant investments in the research and development of vaccines against List A diseases. The primary research focus remains vaccines for infectious diseases that have an impact on current domestic herd health management systems. Changing the vaccine paradigm, investing in new technologies, and creating the future by integrating into key alliances with producers and regulatory authorities will be paramount in protecting our poultry and livestock industries against highly infectious diseases and potential acts of bioterrorism.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed2001

The Scottish Centre for Autism preschool treatment programme. I: A developmental approach to early intervention.

Early intervention is an area of intense current interest for parents and professionals. This article describes a mainstream National Health Service (NHS) approach to early intervention, developed at the Scottish Centre for Autism. The aims of treatment are to improve the child's early social communication and social interaction skills, leading to the potential development of play and flexibility of behaviour. This is achieved by 1:1 intensive treatment by trained therapists, and a schedule of parent training. The treatment protocol incorporates a child led approach; the use of imitation as a therapeutic strategy; using language contingent on activities; and the introduction of flexibility into play and social exchanges.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1997

The geography of highly skilled international migration.

"The present paper provides a research review of recent literature on international migration by the highly skilled. Its principal aim is to identify the themes which are being discussed, and suggest where research into the subject might best proceed.... [The authors outline] the two most important perspectives in extant research, economic and socio-cultural, [and review] what is known about the geography of migration by the highly skilled.... The paper proposes...a reconceptualisation of migration by the highly skilled as one element in the international movement of expertise."

Culture↗
PubMed1996

European migration report.

"This report uses available statistics to describe the contemporary trends and patterns of international migration involving Central and Eastern Europe. It focuses on the former Warsaw Pact countries, excluding the former Soviet Union..., and also omits former Yugoslavia." The authors conclude that "substantial emigration to the West continues, much of it unrecorded. What is perhaps more surprising is that the region has emerged as one of substantial immigration. This reflects two main forces. First, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have become stepping stones on the way to the lotus lands of Western Europe....Second, some of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe...have become honeypots in their own right."

Demography↗
PubMed1995

Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected cattle by assessment of antibody response in oropharyngeal fluids.

The detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-persistent carriers among convalescent ruminants is of paramount importance in the aftermath of a field outbreak. To this purpose, FMDV-specific antibody should be investigated first, since virus isolation procedures from such carriers are seriously constrained. The complexity of the overall picture may be compounded by possible emergency vaccinations in the affected areas at the beginning of the outbreak. In this case, it is suggested that mucosal rather than serum antibody be investigated. In fact, we showed that FMDV-infected cattle regularly mount an antibody response in oropharyngeal fluids, in contrast to vaccinated cattle. Antibody could be revealed by neutralization assays and/or an immunoglobulin A (IgA)-specific kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cattle vaccinated once seldom showed a mucosal antibody response, which could be only detected by a total immunoglobulin-specific kinetic ELISA. Very few, if any, cattle showed a mucosal IgA response after repeated vaccinations. Our kinetic, IgA-specific ELISA generally allowed an early detection of FMDV-infected cattle; in particular, it proved to be more sensitive than the usual indirect, antigen-trapping ELISA in experiments on saliva samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Migration processes among the highly skilled in Europe.

"This article seeks to show that the migration process for highly skilled workers in contemporary Europe is part of the structuring of European business. It focuses on the employer's perspective and role in articulating movement, using data from various official sources as well as survey evidence from the United Kingdom. It suggests that the increasing importance of this form of mobility is related to the process of internationalization by large employers and that the particular form of movement is dependent on the evolution of corporate business."

Demography↗
PubMed1992

The future of international labor migration.

"The article reviews the nature of international labor migration today and the economic and political rationale for its occurrence. It suggests that while the developed economies will continue to attract and exchange highly skilled labor, they will have little need for mass immigration by those with low skill levels. In contrast, poorer countries with rapid population growth and low living standards will encourage emigration, except by the highly skilled. One consequence will be more illegal immigration."

Demography↗
PubMed1990

Labour migration and the work permit system in the United Kingdom.

"The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of the work permit today [in the United Kingdom], using official data. It first reviews the operation of the [labor migration] system and describes the main schemes incorporated. Then, it uses data for 1984-88 to describe the general characteristics of labor immigration through the schemes. Finally, by means of a small random sample of applications and issues, it presents details on particular aspects of the immigration. It demonstrates that current labour immigration through the system is selective: most of those entering with long-term permits are highly skilled, well paid, and moving within the internal labor markets of large transnational corporations." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Demography↗
PubMed1989

Evidence that precursor cells of monocytes and B-lymphocytes are closely related.

Various data in the literature suggest that progenitor cells of monocytes and B cells are closely related. In this study we have investigated this notion by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns of total cellular phosphoproteins to assess the similarity and thus the close relationships between erythroid, granulocyte, monocyte, and B-lymphocyte cell lines that typify immature cells of these lineages. In previous studies, six proteins had been identified whose constitutive phosphorylation correlated with the capacity of HL60 variant cell lines to differentiate towards either neutrophils (four proteins) or monocytes (two proteins). The presence or absence of five of these phosphoproteins in autoradiographs obtained for the pre-B-cell lines Nalm6 and SMSB showed that the pre-B-cell lines most closely resembled lines able to differentiate towards monocytes (HL6015-12, HL60M2, U937, and ML-1) as opposed to lines restricted to neutrophil (HL60Ast3) or erythroid differentiation (K562). The K562 phosphoprotein pattern resembled that obtained for HL60Ast3. Progressive changes in the constitutive phosphorylation of the five proteins were observed suggesting that cells that have acquired the potential for either neutrophil, monocyte, or B-cell differentiation have initially diversified in a linear progressive manner. This observation supports a model for hemopoiesis that suggests that, during progenitor cell development, differentiation potentials are expressed individually in the above order. Two additional phosphoprotein spots were found to be restricted to the pre-B-cell lines. These phosphoproteins, together with those that change their intensity in autoradiographs of erythroid, myeloid, and B-cell lines, suggest that protein phosphorylation plays an important role during cell diversification.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1988

Highly-skilled international migrants, careers and internal labour markets.

"This paper is addressed to the interplay of careers and internal labour markets (ILMs) in explaining the international migration of professional and technical personnel, particularly within transnational corporations (TNCs). It begins by reviewing the current state of the theoretical art, focusing on five main elements: the international spatial division of labour; the concept of career; the organization of ILMs; the lubrication of the migration system by recruitment, placement and relocation agencies; and reintegration of returning expatriates. There follows a discussion of selected aspects of the volume and characteristics of ILM migrations among the highly-skilled, using government, employer organization's and individual company data."

Demography↗
PubMed1983

High level manpower movements in Northwest Europe and the role of careers: an explanatory framework.

"This article works towards a theoretical explanatory framework for analyzing the geographical patterns of labor flows between the industrial countries of Western Europe. The framework proposed is based on the disaggregated nature of the modern labor market, in which specialist skills and training result in a workforce segmented into self-contained noncompeting groups. It is applied to the migration within Northwest Europe of high level manpower, especially those moving within multinational organizations."

Demography↗