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Biomedical subjects

J Sarrazin

Publications and source records attributed to J Sarrazin.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The halo sign and peripancreatic fluid: useful CT signs of hypovolaemic shock complex in adults.

AIM: To report two new, useful computed tomography (CT) signs of the hypovolaemic shock complex (HSC) in adults admitted after blunt abdominal trauma: the halo sign (ring of fluid around a collapsed intra-hepatic inferior vena cava (IVC)), and peripancreatic retroperitoneal fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT images of 498 consecutive patients admitted after blunt abdominal trauma were reviewed, of which 27 had CT signs of the HSC. The CT images of these 27 patients were analysed. A control group of 101 patients examined using CT for suspected blunt abdominal trauma who did not have the HSC were chosen for comparison. RESULTS: The most common features involved the vascular compartment: diminished IVC diameter n = 27 a positive halo sign n = 21 diminished anteroposterior diameter of the aorta n = 13 and abnormal vascular enhancement n = 10. Peripancreatic retroperitoneal fluid in the absence of pancreatic injury, pancreatitis or pancreatic disease was observed in eight patients. Hollow visceral abnormalities included: diffuse increased mucosal enhancement of both the small and large bowel n = 19 diffuse thickening of the small bowel wall n =11 and small bowel dilatation n = 7. Solid visceral abnormalities included both decreased and or increased enhancement. Several concomitant intra- and extra-abdominal injuries were also identified. CONCLUSION: In the setting of blunt abdominal trauma, early abdominal CT can show diffuse abnormalities due to the HSC, which occasionally may alert clinicians of unsuspected shock. Recognition of these signs as distinguished from injured viscera is important in order to avoid unnecessary laparotomy. Two new signs are described: the halo sign and peripancreatic retroperitoneal fluid.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2001

Radiological features of epiploic appendagitis and segmental omental infarction.

Epiploic appendagitis and segmental omental infarction are more frequently encountered with the increased use of abdominal ultrasound and Computed tomography (CT) in the radiological assessment of the patient who presents clinically with acute abdominal pain. Recognition of specific imaging abnormalities enables the radiologist to make the correct diagnosis. This is important, as the appropriate management of both conditions is often conservative. Follow-up imaging features correlate with clinical improvement.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2000

[Cerebellopontine angle tumors in adults].

Cerebellopontine angle tumors in adults are mainly benign and extra-axial. Magnetic resonance imaging is the first method for their diagnosis, CT being more useful for bony structures evaluation. Vestibular schwannoma is the most common lesion, it presents as a rounded mass centered along the axis of the internal acoustic meatus, the largest portion being in the cerebellopontine angle. The tumor enhances after Gadolinium administration. Meningioma is the second most common tumor; this slow growing mass has a wide attachment to the adjacent dural mater and is dramatically enhanced by contrast. Epidermoid cyst the third mass, is an extra-axial lesion with the signal is similar to the one of cerebrospinal fluid. Other lesions such as lipoma, papilloma, glioma or metastasis account for less than 1% of the cerebellopontine angle cistern tumors in adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Aortic graft infection: the value of percutaneous drainage.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare patients with aortic graft infection treated by primary percutaneous drainage with patients who initially underwent surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 23 consecutive patients treated for aortic graft infection was performed. Eleven patients were initially treated with percutaneous drainage and 12 were treated with surgery. The morbidity, mortality, and postprocedural reintervention rates and clinical outcome were analyzed for each group. RESULTS: The septic process resolved in nine (82%) of 11 patients treated with percutaneous drainage. Of these nine patients, four were treated with percutaneous drainage alone. Drainage was followed by removal of the infected prosthetic graft in the remaining five patients. In the surgical group, sepsis resolved in only four patients (33%) (p = .036). No periprocedural deaths occurred in the percutaneous drainage group, whereas six patients in the surgical group died in the perioperative period (p = .014). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous drainage can be used as an initial form of treatment in the management of aortic graft infections. Surgery after percutaneous drainage appears to be safer than surgery alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 22 in human gliomas does not inactivate the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene.

The molecular genetic alterations that underlie development of gliomas, the most common neoplasm of the human central nervous system, include activation of cellular proto-oncogenes as well as inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Although research has identified some affected loci, others clearly remain to be identified. We have investigated loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 22 in a panel of sporadic gliomas, and have assessed the possibility that inactivation of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene on 22q plays a role in development of sporadic gliomas in humans. Loss of heterozygosity for loci on chromosome 22 loci was observed in 15 of 47 informative blood-tumor pairs, although no common area of loss of heterozygosity shared by all of these tumors could be identified. The most frequently affected segment, distal to the NF2 locus and bounded proximally by D22S15 and distally by a gene for myoglobin, was shared by as many as 11 tumors. Loss of heterozygosity at the NF2 locus was observed in 10 tumors. No rearrangements of the NF2 gene could be detected by Southern analysis of restriction endonuclease-digested genomic DNA, and no abnormally migrating bands were detected on single strand conformation analysis of individual exons of the NF2 gene. Thus, although frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 22 suggests that inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene on this chromosome plays a role in development of gliomas, there is no evidence that inactivation of the NF2 gene is implicated in this process, confirming the results of other studies of the NF2 gene in human gliomas. The identity of the putative tumor suppressor gene on 22q involved in development of gliomas remains unknown.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Manifestations of Crohn disease at US.

Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestines that is characterized by multiple episodes of exacerbation and remission. Although barium studies and endoscopy remain the most valuable tools for assessment of mucosal and luminal changes, sonography has proved to be a safe and noninvasive modality for characterization of mural and perienteric changes. Ultrasonography (US) can accurately demonstrate the classic features of Crohn disease as well as the complications frequently associated with the disease. The addition of color Doppler imaging may allow differentiation of chronic from active bowel wall thickening. In expert hands, US appears to be a sensitive modality for preliminary investigation of patients with symptomatic Crohn disease. US can also be used to assess the response to treatment and to detect postoperative recurrence. Finally, US enables accurate selection of patients in whom the possibility of surgery or percutaneous intervention would justify other means of investigation, particularly computed tomography.

Appendicitis↗
PubMed1995

Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) and infantile autism: absence of previously reported point mutation.

Autism is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric syndrome of unknown etiology. There is evidence that a deficiency in the enzyme adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), essential for de novo purine biosynthesis, could be involved in the pathogenesis of certain cases. A point mutation in the ADSL gene, resulting in a predicted serine-to-proline substitution and conferring structural instability to the mutant enzyme, has been reported previously in 3 affected siblings. In order to determine the prevalence of the mutation, we PCR-amplified the exon spanning the site of this mutation from the genomic DNA of patients fulfilling DSM-III-R criteria for autistic disorder. None of the 119 patients tested were found to have this mutation. Furthermore, on preliminary screening using singlestrand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), no novel mutations were detected in the coding sequence of four ADSL exons, spanning approximately 50% of the cDNA. In light of these findings, it appears that mutations in the ADSL gene represent a distinctly uncommon cause of autism.

Adenylosuccinate Lyase↗
PubMed1994

Human mitochondrial HMG CoA synthase: liver cDNA and partial genomic cloning, chromosome mapping to 1p12-p13, and possible role in vertebrate evolution.

Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase (mHS) is the first enzyme of ketogenesis, whereas the cytoplasmic HS isozyme (cHS) mediates an early step in cholesterol synthesis. We here report the sequence of human and mouse liver mHS cDNAs, the sequence of a HS-like cDNA from Caenorhabditis elegans, the structure of a partial human mHS genomic clone, and the mapping of the human mHS gene to chromosome 1p12-p13. The nucleotide sequence of the human mHS cDNA encodes a mature mHS peptide of 471 residues, with a mean amino acid identity of 66.5% with cHS from mammals and chicken. Comparative analysis of all known mHS and cHS protein and DNA sequences shows a high degree of conservation near the N-terminus that decreases progressively toward the C-terminus and suggests that the two isozymes arose from a common ancestor gene 400-900 million years ago. Comparison of the gene structure of mHS and cHS is also consistent with a recent duplication event. We hypothesize that the physiologic result of the HS gene duplication was the appearance of HS within the mitochondria around the time of emergence of early vertebrates, which linked preexisting pathways of beta oxidation and leucine catabolism and created the HMG CoA pathway of ketogenesis, thus providing a lipid-derived energy source for the vertebrate brain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Evidence for the complete inactivation of the NF2 gene in the majority of sporadic meningiomas.

Meningiomas are common central nervous system tumours which present usually in the 4th and 5th decades of life. Loss of constitutional heterozygosity on chromosome 22 in 60% of sporadic meningiomas has implied the involvement of a tumour suppressor gene. The neurofibromatosis type 2 gene (NF2), a prime candidate for involvement in meningioma, was screened for point mutations. After examining eight of the 16 known NF2 exons in 151 meningiomas, 24 inactivating mutations were characterized. Significantly, these aberrations were exclusively detected in tumours which lost the other chromosome 22 allele. These results provide strong evidence that the suppressor gene on chromosome 22, frequently inactivated in meningioma, is the NF2 gene, and suggest that another gene is involved in the development of 40% of meningiomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A comparison of fluoride release from four glass-ionomer cements.

Fluoride release from three glass-ionomer cements and one cement was measured over 1 year and compared. All the materials released fluoride in a similar pattern for the study's duration: The fluoride release was greatest on the first day, decreased sharply the second day, and gradually diminished. After 1 year, all specimens released daily fluoride concentrations above 0.5 ppm, reaching as much as 7 ppm. Low powder-liquid ratios always lead to more fluoride release than high ratios.

Aluminum Silicates↗