PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Savić

Publications and source records attributed to J Savić.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The cardiovascular effects of the administration of L-NAME during the early posthemorrhagic period.

1. The effects of the various doses of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 and 30 mg/kg) on some cardiovascular and biochemical parameters during the early posthemorrhagic period were studied in anesthetized rabbits subjected to hemorrhagic hypovolemia. 2. Hemorrhagic shock was produced by intermittent bleeding of 40% of the estimated blood volume for 15 min. Blood samples were taken before and after bleeding (0, 15 and 60 min). Simultaneously, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the heart rate (HR) were measured. Hemorrhaged rabbits were treated by L-NAME10 or L-NAME30 (10 or 30 mg/kg, i.v. bolus injection, respectively) or the corresponding volumes of saline (0.6 ml, i.v. bolus) immediately after the end of bleeding. 3. The observed cardiovascular parameters (MAP, HR) were significantly reduced after the end of bleeding in all rabbits. 4. The rise of the MAP was significantly more pronounced 30 min after the injection of L-NAME30 in comparison with the corresponding values in the saline (S) group. In contrast, L-NAME10 produced only a small, insignificant increase in the MAP in hemorrhaged rabbits. 5. The L-NAME30-induced rise of the MAP was accompanied by a severe bradycardia, hyperkalemia and an aggravated metabolic acidosis, more severe than the corresponding disturbance of the acid-base status in the S group. The changes in the acid-base parameters were observed both in arterial (pH, excess base) and in venous blood (pH) of hemorrhaged rabbits. 6. In conclusion, the i.v. bolus injection of L-NAME30 (immediately after the end of bleeding) produced a significant increase in the MAP during the first hour after the injury, but the presumable inhibition of the endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase during the early posthemorrhagic period resulted in severe cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Glucose as an adjunct triage tool to the Red Cross Wound Classification.

The plasma concentrations of glucose, adrenaline, noradrenaline, insulin, and cortisol were measured in 59 patients within 18 hours of military gunshot/missile (MG/M) wound. The wounds were categorized by the Red Cross Wound Classification (RCWC) and assessed by the Injury Severity Score (ISS) method. The majority of the measured biochemical parameters, except insulin, were significantly increased after MG/M wounds, compared with control values. Plasma glucose concentration in wounded patients was positively related to ISS over the whole severity range. Plasma insulin concentration increased with glucose. Noradrenaline and cortisol were positively related to glucose. Because hemorrhage is the most common cause of general response to MG/M wound, we concluded that glucose measurement could be a useful adjunct tool to the RCWC in rapid and accurate assessment of severely wounded patients, especially those with occult thoraco-abdominal wounds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Early plasma amino acid pool alterations in patients with military gunshot/missile wounds.

Plasma amino acid profiles in patients during the early period (first 18 hours) following military gunshot/missile wounds were investigated. Patients (n = 29) were casualties from the war in the former Yugoslavia with injury severity scores ranging from 4 to 18. They were divided into three groups: soft tissue (muscle) damage, wounds with fractures, and vital structures injured. Controls were normal blood donors (n = 17). Free amino acids were analyzed in venous plasma. Increased concentrations of phenylalanine and glutamine associated with increased molar phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio in plasma indicated increased net protein catabolism in the peripheral tissues, regardless of the type of injured tissues. Decreased plasma arginine, ornithine and citrulline levels, accompanied with increased molar glutamine/valine ratio, suggested disturbance in urea cycle activity, although urea level was not altered. We concluded that early changes in plasma amino acid pool characteristics after wounds were of systemic origin, not related to the type of injured tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The effect of physostigmine on acid-base status in arterial and venous blood of anaesthetized rabbits following hypovolemic shock.

1. The effects of physostigmine (70 micrograms kg-1, intravenously) on acid-base status in arterial and venous blood were studied in anaesthetized rabbits subjected to hemorrhagic hypovolemia. 2. Hemorrhagic shock was produced using intermittent bleeding of 50% of the estimated blood volume, during 30 min. Experimental group was treated with physostigmine (70 micrograms kg-1 body mass, intravenously) and the control group with the same volume (0.1 ml) of saline, immediately after bleeding. Blood samples were taken before and after bleeding (0, 15 and 60 min). 3. It was found that physostigmine increased the mean arterial blood pressure, did not change the heart rate, and improved survival of the animals. 4. These effects of physostigmine were associated with significant decrease in venous pH, produced mainly by increased PCO2. This can partly be explained in terms of additional vasoconstriction due to physostigmine action. 5. In arterial blood decreased pH, decreased standard bicarbonate, negative values of excess base and decreased PCO2 were observed both in physostigmine-treated and the control group of animals, indicating partly respiratory compensated metabolic acidosis. These findings indicate that the hypertensive effect of physostigmine in shock was not accompanied by more severe disturbance in arterial acid-base status than was observed in hypovolemic shock alone.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1995

Ionizing radiation-induced expression of the genes associated with the acute response to injury in the rat.

Total-body irradiation of rats with doses ranging from an LD10/30 to an LD100/30 induced a dose-dependent increase in the concentration of serum protein associated with the acute response to the irradiation. However, this increase was reached at a later time and was not as pronounced as described previously during the typical acute phase of the response found experimentally (A. Koj, in Structure and Function of Plasma Proteins, Vol. 1, pp. 73-131, Plenum Press, London, 1974). The greatest increase in the serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins was found from the third to the seventh days postirradiation. At these times, the serum concentrations of alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen and cysteine protease inhibitor were raised from two- to fivefold, whereas alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was increased sixfold. Incorporation of [35S]methionine into total serum and acute-phase proteins indicated that the increase in the concentration of the acute-phase proteins was preceded by their de novo synthesis in the liver. The results that were obtained by dot-blot analysis showed that the basic course of change in the relative mRNA concentrations in the liver for the acute-phase proteins examined correlated with the changes in their protein concentrations in the serum; only the relative increase in the concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein mRNA was significantly lower than the increase in proteins in the serum, suggesting that a fraction of the serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein had an extrahepatic origin. On the basis of these results we concluded that total-body irradiation increased the expression of acute-phase protein genes.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Frequency of the delta F508 deletion and G551D, R553X and G542X mutations in Yugoslav CF patients.

A study was undertaken to find the frequency of the delta F508 deletion and those of the G551D, R553X and G524X mutations among the mainly Slavic population of Serbia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Montenegro and compare the frequencies determined with those in other European populations. The delta F508 mutation was found to account for about 70% of CF genes in central Jugoslavia, where its frequency is significantly higher than elsewhere in Southern European populations.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1992

The effect of physostigmine on the haemorrhagic hypovolemia in anaesthetized rabbits.

1. The effects of physostigmine (70 micrograms kg-1, intravenously) on mean arterial blood pressure, blood volume and survival were studied in anaesthetized rabbits subjected to haemorrhagic hypovolemia. 2. It was found that physostigmine increased the mean arterial blood pressure, increased the residual blood volume, decreased the haematocrit values and increased the survival of the animals. 3. The increase of blood pressure might be due to a general adrenergic activation produced by physostigmine, whereas the increase in plasma volume might be due to changes in pre- to postcapillary resistance ratio. 4. The beneficial effect of physostigmine might also be due to antagonism of humoral factors known to aggravate the hypovolemia (e.g. endogenous opioids).

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1991

The life-saving effect of physostigmine in haemorrhagic shock.

The intravenous injection of physostigmine (70 micrograms kg-1) produces a life-saving effect in acute haemorrhagic shock in non-anaesthetized rabbits. This effect is most probably due to a transfer of tissue fluids into circulation. The crucial beneficial effect of physostigmine might be a decrease of the capillary hydrostatic pressure due to changes in pre- to postcapillary resistance ratio. Both lines of defence comprise a normalization of blood pressure and normalization of blood volume, thus saving the life of the animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of lethal scald on the mechanisms of acute-phase protein synthesis in rat liver.

Acute-phase protein (APR) synthesis was studied under conditions in which the acute-phase response to a sublethal scald was interrupted at the onset of APR synthesis by the infliction of a second scald that overwhelmed the defense mechanisms. The rate of APR synthesis increased shortly after the second scald and then declined rapidly to the control level. At this time point, APR messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations exceeded severalfold the control values, whereas the APR gene transcription rates fell to the control level. These mRNAs were active in APR synthesis in a cell-free system, as well as in hepatocytes grown in a standard culture medium. These results and those demonstrating a drop in the free amino acid pool level in the liver after the second scald suggested that the lethal outcome was preceded by an impaired supply of liver cells with amino acids and resulting inhibition of APR mRNA translation. Changes in amino acid transport were considered to occur secondarily to those causing hypovolemia and circulatory shock.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1989

Acute-phase response to scalding: changes in serum properties and acute-phase protein concentrations.

The time course of changes in the concentrations of individual acute-phase proteins (APRs) in the plasma was examined in the model of rats exposed to a single (sublethal) and repeated (fatal) scalding. These data were interrelated with the rate of survival, plasma volume, corticosterone level, and immunosuppressive potency of the serum. The infliction of a sublethal scalding composing 20% body surface area resulted in an initial 50% reduction of the plasma volume and a severalfold increase of the corticosterone level and immunosuppressive activity of the serum. A subsequent normalisation of these deviations proceeded in parallel with an increased rate of APR synthesis. An early infliction of a second scald was fatal. It led to a 60% reduction of the plasma volume, a lack of plasma APRs, and an additional enhancement of the immunosuppressive activity of serum.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1984

Rapid ion-exchange method for the determination of 3-methylhistidine in rat urine and skeletal muscle.

A method for the determination of 3-methylhistidine using an automatic amino acid analyser has been developed. A single column system with lithium buffer (pH 3.950, 0.500 mol/l lithium and 0.067 mol/l citrate) was used for elution. The standard amino acid mixture of basic amino acids and some dipeptides usually present in physiological fluids was analysed for the development of the method. 3-Methylhistidine eluted in 46.7 +/- 0.049 min and the peak area coefficient of variation for the same sample was 1.07%. As 3-methylhistidine is completely resolved from the other basic amino acids and some dipeptides (anserine and carnosine), this method is suitable for the analysis of urine and muscle extracts as well as skeletal muscle protein hydrolysates where this amino acid is present in much lower concentrations than other amino acids.

Amino Acids↗