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Biomedical subjects

J Scharf

Publications and source records attributed to J Scharf.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pulmonary artery sling associated with tracheobronchial malformations.

We describe three cases of pulmonary artery slings associated with tracheal stenoses by complete cartilaginous rings and abnormalities in the tracheobronchial branching pattern. This association implicates special problems of management that are different from the simple pulmonary artery sling. Pathologic anatomy, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and the problems of therapy are described. Considering similar cases in the literature, we conclude that thorough diagnostic evaluation of the tracheobronchial and the cardial system should be carried out in all cases of pulmonary artery sling. Simple correction of the aberrant vessel without correcting the tracheal stenosis is of no value in these cases. In some milder cases, a conservative approach is possible and probably less harmful than an operation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

[Experiences with surfactant therapy of adult respiratory distress syndrome].

We report on 2 patients with ARDS, who underwent a therapy with surfactant. In both cases the underlying reason for the lung disease probably was a viral pneumonia. In both patients the gas exchange improved after tracheal instillation of surfactant. This improvement however was much less than we know it from therapy of the respiratory distress syndrome of the premature babies. Reasons for these differences in response to surfactant are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Endothelial cells of rabbit cornea in different storage conditions. A quantitative cytochemical study.

The metabolic functions of endothelial cells of the rabbit cornea in different storage conditions were studied using quantitative cytochemistry. The corneas were stored for 2 h, and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days in dexol at 4 degrees C and in culture medium at 37 degrees C. It was shown that glycolysis as expressed by the activity of the cytosolic enzymes glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase is well preserved for 1 week in dexol and for 3 days only in the culture medium. Mitochondrial enzymes as shown by succinate dehydrogenase and fatty acid oxidation activity show a similar pattern. Uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase, which plays an important part in proteoglycan synthesis, is markedly decreased in both media, but retains its activity in dexol for a slightly longer time. Keratan and chondroitin sulfate content show a sharp drop in the culture medium at 37 degrees C as compared to dexol. This study demonstrates the superiority of dexol at 4 degrees C over the culture medium at 37 degrees C. Quantitative cytochemistry is a useful tool for studying the metabolism of endothelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Colour Doppler imaging of arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen in a newborn.

We report a neonate with congestive heart failure due to a huge arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen. Two dimensional ultrasound showed a large cystic structure behind the 3rd ventricle and the quadrigeminal plate. The cyst compressed the posterior part of the 3rd ventricle and the aqueduct and caused an obstructive hydrocephalus. The diagnosis was established by colour Doppler imaging (CDI). With the help of CDI, flow within the aneurysm could be shown as well as feeding arteries originating from the posterior and middle cerebral arteries. The straight sinus and the torcular Herophili were markedly dilated.

Cerebral Veins↗
PubMed1990

[Intracranial MR flow signal changes in extracranial occlusions of the internal carotid artery].

Spin-echo sequences allow an identification of the basal brain vessels because of their typical signal void. The increasing use of MRI also in clarification of cerebrovascular disease requires a good knowledge of intracranial flow alterations. We saw characteristic signal pattern in the carotid siphon in 22 prospective examined patients with occlusion of the internal carotid artery confirmed by ultrasound. The lower siphon showed a loss of flow void and a brain isointense signal. The signal in the upper siphon was identical or showed a flow void with significant calibre reduction, probably because of collateral filling. This diagnostic potential of MRI is a remarkable advantage in comparison to CT and should be routinely considered in patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1990

[Plasma separation in acute, intravenous phenytoin poisoning].

A two year old boy suffered an acute phenytoin intoxication following intravenous treatment of seizures. After two days in coma detoxification with plasma separation was started. The course of clinical symptoms and phenytoin elimination is described and the efficacy of the method in treating phenytoin intoxication is discussed.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1990

[Life-threatening perinatal hemorrhage of a sacral teratoma].

Great sacral teratomas are rare congenital tumors. The frequency in liveborns is about 1:40,000. Well known complications of sacral teratomas are malignant degeneration, infection and, in case of intraabdominal expansion, compression of the urogenital tract. We report a case of unusual fulminant perinatal bleeding out of a great sacral teratoma ruptured during birth.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1989

Haemodilution with dextran 40 and hydroxyethyl starch and its effect on cerebral microcirculation.

The effect of haemodilution with Ringer's solution, hydroxyethyl starch (HAES) 200/0.5 10% and dextran 40 on cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in ten cats by means of the hydrogen clearance technique. As expected from theoretical considerations the haemodilution effect was short and not significant with Ringer's solution, but was 25% with HAES and 35% with dextrane 40. The corresponding rise in CBF was significant in both the latter but not with Ringer's solution. CBF was similarly highly correlated with diminution of haematocrit (Hct). The different effects of the substances on CBF could all be explained by their different effects on the Hct. Data analysis, together with recent literature, suggests that the dominating factor determining CBF was the O2-transport capacity, which in these experiments was in close relation to Hct. The results support the assumption that the increase of CBF by haemodilution is caused by a regulatory mechanism and not by a change of rheological parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The clinical picture and course in basilar impression].

We have reviewed 29 cases of patients who suffered from basilar impression and had undergone hospital treatment since 1969. 12 of these patients were reexamined. The predominant symptoms were lesions of the long tracts while the ,,classical signs" such as headache and nystagmus occurred less frequently than expected. Only a quarter of our patients showed a marked deterioration during follow-up. The outcome for four patients who underwent operation is reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative cytochemistry of enzymes in the epithelium of ageing rat lenses.

The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) in two zones of the epithelium of the lens of 6- and 27-month-old rats were measured using quantitative cytochemical methods. In both age groups, the epithelium in the equatorial zone showed the highest enzymatic activity. LDH activity was similar in young and old rats in both areas. G6PD and GAPD activities in the central area were similar in both age groups, but their activity was markedly lower in the equatorial zone in old rats compared to young ones. This decrease in G6PD and GAPD activities may play a role in cataract formation.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Autoregulatory capacity and the effect of isovolemic hemodilution on local cerebral blood flow.

The effect of isovolemic hemodilution with dextran 40 on local cerebral blood flow was measured in eight cats by means of the hydrogen clearance technique. Under normotension the decrease of hematocrit from 35% to 25% causes a sudden increase of up to 30% in local cerebral blood flow. After lowering the mean arterial blood pressure from 140 to 80 mm Hg, hemodilution did not alter cerebral blood flow significantly. From this observation it is concluded that the increase of cerebral blood flow following hemodilution is caused by compensatory vasodilatation and not by reduction of blood viscosity. This could imply that hemodilution cannot improve blood flow in areas of impaired autoregulation.

Animals↗