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Biomedical subjects

J Schultz

Publications and source records attributed to J Schultz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Improvement of left ventricular contractile function by exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease.

To determine whether prolonged, intense exercise training can improve left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease, we studied 25 patients, 52 +/- 2 years old (mean +/- SE), who completed a 12 month program of endurance exercise training and 14 additional patients with comparable maximal exercise capacities and ejection fractions who did not exercise. The training program consisted of endurance exercise of progressively increasing intensity, frequency, and duration. During the last 3 months the patients were running an average of 18 miles/week, or doing an equivalent amount of exercise on a cycle ergometer. Maximal attainable VO2 increased 37% (p less than .001). Of the 10 patients with effort angina, five became asymptomatic, three experienced less angina, and two were unchanged after training. Ejection fraction was determined by equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. At rest, ejection fraction was 53 +/- 3% before and 54 +/- 3% after training (p = NS). Ejection fraction did not change during maximal supine exercise before training (52 +/- 3%), but after training it increased to 58 +/- 3% (p less than .01). During maximal exercise, systolic blood pressure and the rate-pressure product were higher after training. The systolic blood pressure-end-systolic volume relationship was shifted upward and to the left, with an increase in maximal systolic blood pressure (p less than .001) and a smaller end-systolic volume (p less than .05), providing evidence for an improvement in contractile state after training. In patients who did not participate in training neither this relationship nor the ejection fraction response to exercise was changed after 12 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of a corporate health promotion program.

The effects of a pilot health promotion program at AT&T Communications were evaluated. The study group was given an initial health risk appraisal and offered health education modules. A control group was given the health risk appraisal with no modules; a second control group was neither given the health risk appraisal nor offered modules. The health promotion program was found to lower health risks and improve health-related and job-related attitudes among the study group. Participants in specific intervention modules experienced gains in positive health behaviors.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1985

Effects of training on systolic time intervals at rest and during isometric exercise in men and women 61 to 64 years old.

To determine whether regular exercise improves left ventricular (LV) contractile function in persons 60 years and older, systolic time intervals (STIs) were measured in 10 healthy men and women (mean age 62 +/- 1 year [+/- standard deviation]) before and after 6 months of intense endurance training. STIs, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were determined at rest and in response to isometric handgrip exercise. Systolic BP, diastolic BP and HR increased acutely from rest in response to handgrip (p less than 0.002). The indexes of total electromechanical systole and LV ejection time (ET) index increased (p less than 0.01), preejection period (PEP) index increased (p less than 0.05) or remained unchanged and PEP/LVET did not change from values at rest in response to handgrip. Training resulted in an 18% increase in maximal oxygen uptake (p less than 0.01). After training, systolic and diastolic BP were reduced at rest (p less than 0.002) and, along with HR, were lower in response to handgrip (p less than 0.002). However, training did not alter STIs at rest or during handgrip. These findings indicate that healthy persons in their 60s have a normal LV response to isometric exercise. Prolonged, intense endurance training does not alter LV contractile function at rest or in response to isometric exercise. However, training can significantly reduce BP at rest, and markedly lower the HR-systolic BP product attained during acute isometric stress, even in normotensive older subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

The failure of ventricular sodium to control sodium appetite in the rat.

Dilution of CSF sodium by infusion of hyperosmotic mannitol into the cerebral ventricles of the rat does not evoke a salt appetite, nor does the addition of sodium to the CSF of the rat suppress the preexisting salt appetites produced by the hormones of sodium conservation or by adrenalectomy. CSF sodium concentration does not control sodium appetite in the rat. The proposal that it does so in sheep should not be generalized to other species without caution.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1984

Endurance training in older men and women II. Blood lactate response to submaximal exercise.

Seven men and four women (age 63 +/- 2 yr, mean +/- SD, range 61-67 yr) participated in a 12-mo endurance training program to determine the effects of low-intensity (LI) and high-intensity (HI) training on the blood lactate response to submaximal exercise in older individuals. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), blood lactate, O2 uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), ventilation (VE), and respiratory exchange ratio (R) during three submaximal exercise bouts (65-90% VO2max) were determined before training, after 6 mo of LI training, and after an additional 6 mo of HI training. VO2max (ml X kg-1 X min-1) was increased 12% after LI training (P less than 0.05), while HI training induced a further increase of 18% (P less than 0.01). Lactate, HR, VE, and R were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) at the same absolute work rates after LI training, while HI training induced further but smaller reductions in these parameters (P greater than 0.05). In general, at the same relative work rates (ie., % of VO2max) after training, lactate was lower or unchanged, HR and R were unchanged, and VO2 and VE were higher. These findings indicate that LI training in older individuals results in adaptations in the response to submaximal exercise that are similar to those observed in younger populations and that additional higher intensity training results in further but less-marked changes.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

The effect of left ventricular systolic function on maximal aerobic exercise capacity in asymptomatic patients with coronary artery disease.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) and left ventricular systolic function in patients with coronary artery disease. We studied 27 patients, age 50 +/- 10 years (mean +/- SD), who were asymptomatic and able to attain true VO2max. VO2max was defined by the leveling-off criterion and/or a respiratory exchange ratio of 1.15 or greater. Left ventricular ejection fraction was determined by gated cardiac blood pool imaging. In patients whose ejection fraction decreased with exercise, VO2max was 21 +/- 4 vs 27 +/- 4 ml/kg/min in those whose ejection fraction increased (p less than .001). Systolic blood pressure/end-systolic volume relation was shifted upward and to the right in the former group in response to peak exercise. In contrast, the pressure-volume relation was shifted upward and to the left in patients whose ejection fraction increased with exercise. Ejection fraction at rest did not correlate with VO2max. There was a significant but weak correlation between peak exercise ejection fraction and VO2max (r = .43, p less than .025). Left ventricular exercise reserve, i.e., the change in ejection fraction from rest to exercise, correlated with VO2max (r = .77, p less than .0002), maximal O2 pulse (r = .50, p less than .005), and maximal heart rate during treadmill exercise (r = .61, p less than .001). Maximal heart rate during treadmill exercise correlated with VO2max (r = .70, p less than .0002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A comparative study of lens gamma crystallins using isoelectric focusing.

The isoelectric points of gamma crystallins of the lenses of rats, dogfish, calves, and humans differ, with a range of pH 8.87-6.80. In each species, one gamma crystallin component with an isoelectric point at pH 7.5 is present, but at differing levels. Amino acid compositions of this component were similar among these four species. All pH 7.5 isoelectric point proteins crossreact immunochemically. A common messenger RNA must be present for this gamma crystallin in all of these species.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Tissue graft rejection in murine models of autoimmune disease.

Syngeneic grafts of liver tissue slices are accepted by normal murine recipients except in the case of male to female grafts in strains which carry the H-2b haplotype. In mouse strains which are known models of autoimmune disease, liver tissue slices are sometimes rejected even when donors and recipients are of the same sex. Although New Zealand Black (NZB) male liver tissue grafts survive in NZB males, female liver tissue grafts are rejected by NZB females. NZB females in which the mouse's own liver has been surgically traumatized accept female liver tissue grafts. In PN females, liver tissue grafts from syngeneic females proliferate. Male to male and male to female grafts show high levels of immunological activity although mostly surviving at 70 days after grafting. MRL male to male, BXSB female to female and NZB male to female grafts all proliferate. Mouse models of autoimmune disease show patterns of liver tissue graft survival which are different from those seen in non-autoimmune mice. These patterns vary among autoimmune strains. Males and females have different antigraft response as well as different cellular lesions controlling their autoimmune disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Psychosocial aspects of the predialytic phase in the treatment of prospective dialysis patients].

In the renal dispensary of the medical polyclinic of the County Hospital Cottbus 6 physicians care for 3,640 patients. Here a group of 74 prospective dialysis patients plays a particular role, who are systematically prepared to the dialysis by psychosocial care measures by a team, consisting of the physician, the psychologist, the social worker and the assistant dietician. The care system became possible by the concentration of this group of patients in the county dispensary and it gives the therapy team the necessary time for the solution of the specific tasks. By the findings and experiences established in the result of this team work a decisive influence may be done on the later conduction of the patients in the dialysis programme.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Abrasion of class 1 restorative resins.

Studies have been made on the abrasion by food of different restorative resins in standard Class 1 cavities in mandibular first molars of schoolchildren. The abrasion was recorded by measuring the increasing height of the exposed cavity walls. It was found that Sevriton Simplified was abraded more than Adaptic, that no difference in abrasion between Adaptic and Adaptic without filler could be demonstrated, and that Adaptic was abraded more than an experimental composite containing 30% by weight Aerosil, an ultra-fine SiO2 filler with a grain size of the order of 25-50 nm. The results are in accord with the findings in an initial study by one of the present authors, in which the fillings were placed in denture porcelain teeth. It is stressed that the conclusions of the present work are pertinent only to the type of abrasion studied, i.e. chewing of food without the possibility of direct contact between the fillings involved and the corresponding antagonists.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1979

Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in rat cerebral cortical slices: effects of methoxamine and clonidine.

In incubated slices of cerebral cortex from Sprague-Dawley rats, methoxamine and clonidine have no effect on basal levels of cyclic AMP. Methoxamine effectively inhibits the noradrenaline-stimulated formation of cyclic AMP. The inhibitory constant for methoxamine was 12.6 mumol/l. In the presence of 100 mumol/l adenosine, methoxamine does not inhibit the activity of noradrenaline, but is capable to activate alpha-adrenergic receptors leading to enhanced formation of cyclic AMP. The mechanism by which adenosine alters adrenergic receptors to become methoxamine-sensitive is not known. Clonidine inhibits the effect of noradrenaline alone or in combination with adenosine on the cyclic-AMP-generating system. It does not, as reported earlier, enhance the activity of submaximal concentrations of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. These data do not support the concept of adrenergic receptors which require both, alpha- and beta-stimulation for maximal activation of adenylate cyclase.

Adenosine↗