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Biomedical subjects

J Schut

Publications and source records attributed to J Schut.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Affect dimensions of male heroin addicts admitted for inpatient detoxification.

The Profile of Mood States was administered to 197 male heroin addicts seeking inpatient detoxification. A principal factor analysis of the men's self-ratings revealed four major dimensions-Fatigue-inertia, Confused-depression, Anger-hostility, and Friendliness; these dimensions were similar to factors reported for male psychiatric patients, but only the dimensions of Fatigue-inertia, Confused-depression, and Anger-hostility matched comparable factors reported for male heroin addicts seeking methadone maintenance. Fatigue-inertia was the major dimension underlying the inpatient admissions' affect, whereas Anger-hostility was the major dimension underlying the methadone admissions' affect.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Moods of pregnant and nonpregnant heroin addicts.

Pregnant addicts were hypothesized to experience more tension than nonpregnant addicts because they had the additional worry of how narcotics might affect their fetuses. A sample of 52 women who entered an especially developed service for pregnant addicts was administered the Profile of Mood States (POMS); 20 persons were daily heroin users and 32 were transfers from methadone maintenance programs. The pregnant addicts' POMS scores and background characteristics were compared to those of 276 nonpregnant women who sought methadone maintenance. None of the background characteristics differentiated between the two groups. Although the mean levels of the women's moods were comparable to those of psychiatric outpatients, there was only a trend toward the pregnant women being more tense and anxious than the nonpregnant women. The conclusion was drawn that the moods of the pregnant and nonpregnant addicts were comparable.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Types of psychopathology displayed by heroin addicts.

Symptom profiles of 157 male and 54 female heroin addicts based on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores were compared with normative data for 6,000 psychiatric patients by using previously described schizo-depressive and coping-resignation contrast functions. Diagnostic types found among the addicts were as follows: anxious-depressive features, 35.1%; undifferentiated syndromes, 26.5%; hostile-depressive features, 16.6%; retarded depressive features, 9.5%; hostile suspicious traits, 6.6%; and blunted affect without significant depressive features, 5.7%. None of the addicts showed levels of thought disturbance comparable to those found in the psychiatric patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Mood components of heroin addicted men: psychosocial correlates.

A principal components analysis was performed on 200 male heroin addicts' self-ratings on the Profile of Mood States which was given before admission to a methadone maintenance program. Four components were identified as underlying the men's affect-Confused-depression, Vigor-friendliness, Anger-hostility, and possibly Fatigue-inertia; these mood dimensions corresponded to factors described for other clinical populations. A stepwise multiple regression was then performed to discover which of the addicts' background characteristics were related to the mood components. Confused-depression was positively correlated with being White, using marijuana, and seeking treatment without prior screening by a social agency; Vigor-friendliness was positively related to having been referred from a social agency and having started using opiates at a later age; Anger-hostility was positively correlated with using other drugs, such as Valium, not being religiously active, and smoking marijuana; and Fatigue-inertia was only positively associated with having been referred from a social agency.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Differentiation of long-term methadone patients from their admission cohorts.

The background characteristics of 45 heroin addicts who had received methadone continuously for over 4 years were compared with those of 1,228 heroin addicts who had not. The results indicated that the continuers were at admission older, White, not dependent on medical assistance, previously treated, using less heroin, and smoking less marijuana than the noncontinuers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Need similarity in husbands and wives who are receiving methadone maintenance therapy.

Investigated whether a common dimension of need similarity underlies marriages in which both partners are receiving methadone maintenance therapy. Thirty couples who were receiving methadone maintenance therapy for their heroin addiction were asked to complete the Marital Adjustment Test and Adjective Check List. A canonical correlation analysis was performed between the husbands' and wives' Adjective Check List need scores. One dimension was found that was related positively to the husbands' needs for Dominance, Affiliation, Heterosexuality, Exhibition, and Change, whereas the same dimension was related positively to the wives' needs for Achievement, Dominance, Endurance, and Intraception. It was concluded that Dominance revealed a complementary relationship in which the marriage was meeting the husbands' social needs and the wives' intrapsychic needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ambulatory detoxification of heroin addicts: a follow-up study.

The present study was devised to investigate whether or not 18 psychosocial characteristics of 141 male and 43 female heroin addicts who entered a 21-day ambulatory detoxification program were correlated with (1) length of stay, (2) completing the full course of detoxification, (3) being successfully transferred to aftercare treatment, and (4) being locatable for follow-up one month later. The study also described the status of the patients who were locatable one month after receiving their last dose of methadone in the detoxification program. Only 74 persons were contacted one month after receiving their last dose of methadone, and they were all in treatment. Eighty-three addicts were transferred to other programs before leaving the detoxification program. There were only two significant relationships between the 18 psychosocial characteristics and the four dependent variables. Number of arrests was inversely related to length of stay, and whites were more likely to be transferred to an aftercare program than blacks. The implications of the results for evaluating other ambulatory detoxification programs and for improving retention rates were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Perinatal addiction: outcome and management.

The care of the pregnant drug-dependent woman and her newborn infant has become a major and controversial health problem requiring specific approaches to this high-risk mother and neonate. A comprehensive approach to the care of 278 pregnant drug-dependent women and their infants at the Philadelphia General Hospital has significantly reduced maternal and infant morbidity heretofore associated with pregnancies complicated by opiate addiction. Most significantly, the incidence of low birth weight has been reduced to below 20 per cent, and a decrease in severe withdrawal in infants born to mothers in the comprehensive care program has occurred. We propose that application of this approach to women whose pregnancies are complicated by drug dependency is a significant factor in successful management.

Abruptio Placentae↗
PubMed1975

The interaction between counseling and methadone in the treatment of narcotic addicts: the challenge of the counseling relationship.

Despite the real and symbolic inportance of methadone to the drug addict, the counseling relationship is still central to the rehabilitative process. This paper discusses the unique aspects of counseling relationships in methadone programs due to the interaction of the physiological and counseling components of treatment. A point of view is presented which emphasizes the need for an open and honest discussion of the worker's role and the expectations of the program early in the treatment process as a means of establishing a therapeutic contract. Affirmation of the authority inherent in the worker's role, and in the structure of the program, lends structure to the counseling relationship and facilitates the rehabilitative process. The contract will also help the patient clarify his personal goals of treatment. It has been noted that methadone can speed up the rehabilitative process because it allows the addict to shift his attention away from the craving for drugs. While counseling staff view methadone as a tool to help patients achieve physiological stability so that psychosocial rehabilitation can occur, patients often view methadone as the primary component of treatment. This differing view of the role of methadone in treatment can lead to conflicts between patients and counselors. The skill of the counselor lies in helping the patients move away from a singular concentration on the drug (methadone), by encouraging a longer point of view and the first steps in the process of personal and social rehabilitation.

Attitude↗
PubMed1975

Philadelphia's community based drug abuse program: broader medical and social concepts.

The rehabilitation of drug dependent people has undergone drastic changes since first attempts were made to curb the abuse of illegal drugs. The isolated law-enforcement model proved to be of no use in this area. So, too, the medical model, the psychological model and the public health model proved disappointingly low in their results. During the last ten years, a so-called "metabolic replacement model" has had its upsurge, creating a controversy still under discussion. The Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Programs of the West Philadelphia Community Mental Health Consortium, Inc. have been in the forefront with its treatment models. Established in 1968 as a purely methadone maintenance program, it has evolved into becoming a model, applying community mental health principles. This paper will explore this model further, describing the mechanics of its changes. From a municipal hospital-based methadone dispensing station, the program has developed into a multi-modality project. Three decentralized drug-free outpatient services are located in the midst of the community where the drug abuse problem is more accute. Outreach is emphasized and case-funding is applied. A possibly unique river-front motel was just acquired for the development of a community-based treatment modality. The 94 rooms were converted into a first-floor alcoholism program which also has a "highway safety program" and an intermediate care facility for alcoholics. The second floor of this facility contains outpatient services for the treatment of drug addicts, including a methadone maintenance program, counselling, family therapy and group therapy. The place where most of the emphasis has been placed is the Work Rehabilitation Center (a novel approach whereby patients will spend up to six hours in "partial hospitalization"). Clients will be tested for vocational aptitude and four workshops will be developed on the premises - carpentry, automotive, electricity and clerical. A huge cafeteria with a semi-automatic kitchen will allow further training in cooking and kitchen aids. The third floor of this renovated motel will include highly sophisticated clinical research area where computer utilization is already giving us very meaningful data. Clinical research is rapidly developing, and new drugs for the rehabilitation of drug addicts will be used. Further comments on the usefulness of methadone as a tool will be included in this paper and general comments as to the outcome of treatment further explored.

Alcoholism↗