[Are there still contra-indications to epidural anaesthesia in obstetrics?].
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Anesthesia, Epidural↗
Biomedical subjects
J Seebacher
Publications and source records attributed to J Seebacher.
Functional modeling of cobalamine-independent methionine synthase with pyrazolylborate-zinc-thiolate complexes.
A series of new pyrazolylborate-zinc-thiolate complexes Tp(Ph,Me)Zn-SR and Tp(Me,Me)Zn-SR, including two homocysteine derivatives, were prepared and structurally characterized. Their reactions with methyl iodide in nonpolar media resulted in the formation of the thioethers MeSR, including two methionine derivatives, and Tp(R',Me)Zn-I in all cases. Methylation of the thiolates could also be achieved with dimethyl sulfate and trimethylsulfonium iodide but not with trimethyl phosphate or N-methylpyridinium salts. The accumulated evidence indicates that the methylation occurs intramolecularly, i.e., at the zinc-bound thiolates: (i) The reactions occur readily in nonpolar media. (ii) Thiolate exchange at Tp(Ph,Me)Zn-SR with [PPN]SR' is slower than thiolate alkylation. (iii) The methylation of Tp(Ph,Me)Zn-SBn with MeI is a clean second-order reaction with k'' = 1.75 x 10(-2) M(-1) s(-1) at 300 K.
5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltran↗
Effectiveness of epidural blood patch in the management of post-dural puncture headache.
BACKGROUND: Lumbar epidural blood patch (EBP) is a common treatment of post-dural puncture headache, but its effectiveness and mode of action remain a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to assess both the effectiveness and the predictive factors of failure of EBP on severe post-dural puncture headache. METHODS: This prospective observational study includes all patients treated in the authors' hospital with EBP for incapacitating post-dural puncture headache, from 1988 to 2000. The EBP effect was classified into complete relief (disappearance of all symptoms), incomplete relief of symptoms (clinically improved patients who recovered sufficiently to perform normal daily activity), and failure (persistence of severe symptoms). The following data were analyzed using a logistic regression to identify predictive factors of failure of EBP: (1) patient characteristics; (2) circumstances of dural puncture; (3) delay between dural puncture and EBP; and (4) the volume of blood injected for EBP. RESULTS: A total of 504 patients were analyzed. The frequency rates of complete relief, incomplete relief of symptoms, and failure after EBP were 75% (n = 377), 18% (n = 93), and 7% (n = 34), respectively. In a multivariate analysis, only the diameter of the needle used to perform dura mater puncture (odds ratio = 5.96; 95% confidence interval, 2.63-13.47; P < 0.001) and a delay in EBP less than 4 days (odds ratio = 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-6.51; P = 0.037) were independent significant risk factors for a failure of EBP. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural blood patch is an effective treatment of severe post-dural puncture headache. Its effectiveness is decreased if dura mater puncture is caused by a large bore needle.
Adult↗
[Prospective national survey on alternatives to obstetrical peridural analgesia].
OBJECTIVE: To assess the type of an alternative technique for epidural analgesia for pain relief during labour, the reason of its choice and its efficiency. STUDY DESIGN: A one-year prospective survey in 34 french hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was filled for each request for a non-epidural technique during labour. The data recorded the reason for this non-epidural method, the technique used, the repeated visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores before (T0) and during the treatment (T30, T60 T120,...), the maternal and foetal side effects of the method, and the maternal satisfaction. RESULTS: 177 questionnaires were studied among the 270 collected. The lack of VAS measurements was the main reason for excluding questionnaires. Refusing the epidural by the obstetric patient was the most frequent reason for requesting a non-epidural method (39%). Five non-epidural methods were identified: nalbuphine (NAL, n = 75), sufentanil by patient-controlled analgesia (SUF, n = 44), nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation (N2O, n = 22), pethidine (PET, n = 19), and spinal analgesia (SA, n = 17). The choice of the method was dependant on the prescribe (midwife or anaesthetist) and of the cervical dilation. The SA group exhibited the most pain relief compared to the other groups during the treatment. No difference in pain relief was noted between the 4 groups (SUF, NAL, PET, N2O). Only in the PET group did the VAS pain score remain unchanged at T30. There were 25 maternal side effects, with a significant maternal sedation in the NAL group, and pruritus in the SA group. There were 6 respiratory depressions in infants, unrelated with the analgesic method. Maternal satisfaction was higher in the SA, SUF and N2O groups than in the PET and NAL groups. Factors explaining lack of analgesic effect (i.e. no decrease in VAS pain score more than 10 mm during the treatment) were the use of pethidine, the VAS pain score at T0 and the induced labour. CONCLUSION: Epidural and spinal analgesia are the most efficient methods for pain relief during labour. The analgesic effect of non-regional methods during labour is minimal, associated with some maternal side effects. Due to its lack of analgesic effect, pethidine should be avoided in this indication.
Adult↗
[Anesthesia and delivery].
Close collaboration of an informed anaesthetist with the obstetrician, and respect of the security protocols in every anaesthesia must guarantee the well-being of pregnant women. The development of loco-regional anaesthesia for use in labour analgesia and caesarean section has reduced the indications and the mortality related to general anaesthesia. In the last 30 years, analgesia and control of loco-regional anaesthesia effects have been greatly improved. Loco-regional anaesthesia protocols are now safe for the mother and various. Epidural anaesthesia using low concentrations of local anaesthetics allows parturient ambulation. Intrathecal anaesthesia, with combined spinal-epidural technique, is mostly used for caesarean-section and for the early and late labour.
Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
[With regard to a "blood-patch" in post-lumbar puncture syndrome].
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Blood Patch, Epidural↗
Continuous extradural infusion of ropivacaine 2 mg ml-1 for pain relief during labour.
We have assessed the dose-response relationship of a solution of ropivacaine 2 mg ml-1, given as a continuous extradural infusion to women in labour. A total of 133 parturients were allocated randomly to one of four groups to receive a fixed rate ropivacaine infusion of 4, 6, 8 or 10 ml h-1 with additional bolus doses as necessary. Contraction pain, quality of analgesia, sensory block, motor block and neonatal Apgar scores were assessed. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of analgesia or motor block, although significantly more bolus doses were required by the group receiving 4 ml h-1 (P < 0.05 compared with the other groups), and a significantly higher total dose of ropivacaine was administered to the 10-ml h-1 group compared with the 6-ml h-1 group (P = 0.044). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of obstetric or neonatal outcome. We conclude that ropivacaine 2 mg ml-1 was effective and well tolerated when given as a continuous extradural infusion at 6-8 ml h-1 and may be used as the sole analgesic during labour.
Amides↗
Outcome of planned pregnancies in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study on 62 pregnancies.
We conducted a prospective study in order to determine planned pregnancy outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus followed in a tertiary referral centre. Pregnancy was authorized if disease was inactive on 20 mg/day prednisone or less for at least 1 yr. Upon the diagnosis of pregnancy, systematic corticosteroids consisting of 10 mg/day prednisone or more were started. In the case of antiphospholipid antibodies, 100 mg/day aspirin was added, replaced by heparin in the pre-partum period. In the case of antiphospholipid syndrome complicated by previous thrombotic events or fetal losses despite aspirin, heparin was prescribed. One woman with a history of atrioventricular block was treated with dexamethasone. Patients were monitored by medical and obstetrical examination, and laboratory tests carried out at least monthly and a quarterly echography. Among 62 pregnancies in 38 women, lupus flare was observed in 27% of the cases, 6% of which occurred in the post-partum period. Flares were moderate except in one renal involvement in a woman with prior diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Therapy was not modified in half of the cases. Pregnancy ended in early spontaneous abortion not related to lupus flare (n = 10), stillbirth (n = 2). induced abortion (n = 2), preterm birth (n = 29) and full-term birth (n = 19). Caesarean section was performed in nine cases. A severe infection occurred in two premature neonates. Another premature neonate was growth retarded. Two children had cutaneous neonatal lupus. No child died, neither had atrioventricular block. Stillbirth and severe prematurity were more common in mothers with antiphospholipid syndrome. After exclusion of early spontaneous and induced abortions, the live birth rate was 96%, that is close to the French general population. The main problem remains a high rate of prematurity, but without maternal or neonatal death.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
[Planned pregnancy program in systemic lupus erythematosus].
OBJECTIVES: Maternal and fetal risk is high during pregnancy for young women with systemic lupus erythematosus. We analyzed outcome after a planned pregnancy program for these patients. METHODS: Between 1982 and 1994, 58 pregnancy were planned in 34 women with systemic lupus. Nine of them had renal and 5 central nervous system involvement; antiphospholipid syndrome was present in 8; steroid therapy was given in 24, immunosuppressors in 2 and plasma exchange in 1. At diagnosis of pregnancy, prednisone was prescribed (at least 10 mg/d), associated with aspirin in all non-symptomatic patients with antiphospholipid antibodies followed by heparin at pre partum. Heparin was used in case of antiphospholipid syndrome. Women with anti-SSA or B antibodies and no past history of congenital atrioventricular block were not given any specific treatment. RESULTS: An acute lupus flare-up occurred in 27% of the cases including 6% in post partum. The flare-up was mild in all cases and treatment had to be changed in half of the cases. There were 9 early abortions, 1 induced abortion for congenital malformation, 2 fetal deaths, 28 premature deliveries and 18 term deliveries. Cesarean section was indicated in 8 cases. Severe neonatal infection occurred in 2 premature infants and 1 other was growth retarded. Cutaneous neonatal lupus was observed in 2 infants. No atrioventricular blocks occurred. CONCLUSION: Fetal death or very premature birth were more frequent in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. When pregnancy is planned in women with systemic lupus erythematosus, live birth rate reaches 96% after exclusion of early and therapeutic abortions. This rate is close to the rate in the general population. The high rate of premature birth is the main risk, but there were no maternal nor neonatal deaths.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Pregnancy complicated by cerebral venous thrombosis in Behçet's disease.
Pregnancy and Behçet's disease are both disorders with increased risks of cerebral venous thrombosis. However, we describe the first case of central venous thrombosis during the pregnancy of a woman with Behçet's disease, revealed by headaches, visual obscuring, and a slight increase in cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure. Treatment with heparin and corticosteroids led to rapid amelioration.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
[Pregnancy in patients with heart valve prosthesis. Retrospective study apropos of 40 pregnancies].
In order to be able to offer pregnant artificial heart valve patients a practical management approach enabling reduction of maternal and fetal risks, the authors evaluated 40 pregnancies in 24 women. Thirty one valves had been inserted prior to these pregnancies: 24 mechanical valves and 7 biological valves. Different types of anticoagulation regimens were used in 32 pregnancies, while 8 took place without the use of anticoagulants (biological valves in sinus rhythm). From a clinical standpoint, almost all these pregnancies brought to term took place without cardiac decompensation. They resulted in the birth of 26 live infants, including one premature. One child was born at term with a phocomelia-type malformation and two were stillborn. There were five therapeutic abortions and six spontaneous abortions. There were four cases of thromboses of the artificial valve, three of which occurred in patients on heparin (dose of 5,000 IU/12 h). Three massive thromboses required emergency valve replacement surgery. There were also three embolic accidents, including one which regressed totally in a few hours. Two hemorrhagic complications occurred with subcutaneous heparin during the post-partum period. In practice, we feel that: when a young woman wishing to become pregnant requires valve replacement, a biological device is preferable; oral anticoagulants are contra-indicated during the first three months of pregnancy; the dose of 5,000 IU/12 h of heparin is insufficient to prevent thrombo-embolic accidents; when a mechanical valve is already implanted, the sequential treatment protocol of subcutaneous heparin--oral anticoagulant--subcutaneous heparin, with an initial dose of heparin of 5,000 IU/12 h then adjusted on the basis of APTT, is the best choice.
Adult↗
[Internal jugular vein thrombosis during pregnancy after ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization].
The case reported consists of thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein occurring on the 22nd week of amenorrhea of a pregnancy achieved by IVF. No etiological factor other than biochemical ovarian hyperstimulation was found. Maternal outcome was positive but intrauterine fetal death occurred 7 weeks later at 29 weeks of amenorrhea. The late occurrence of this thrombosis after ovarian hyperstimulation need to be stressed.
Adult↗
[Laparoscopic surgery versus laparotomy. Comparative analysis of stress markers].
The place of laparoscopic surgery continues to increase in the field of surgery in our specialty. Although the advantages would seem to be obvious, it seemed to us interesting to quantify, if possible, the parameters of operative stress and compare laparoscopic surgery with conventional surgery. Markers studied are Prolactin, Cortisol, Adrenaline, Nor-Adrenaline, Dopamine and the Beta-Endorphins. The only marker that shows any difference in the two procedures in our study is Beta-Endorphin which is significantly less raised in laparoscopic surgery directly after the operation (p less than 0.01). This was very specific for pain, which is one of the benefits of this technique and shown in this parameter which confirms the clinical impression. The curves of the changes in the different markers have been analysed and discussed.
Adult↗
[Celioscopy with peridural anesthesia. Techniques, indications, results in 220 cases].
The authors used epidural anaesthesia to carry out laparoscopy in 220 patients. The chief indications for the laparoscopies were GIFT (intratubal transfer of gametes) and tubal sterilization. The technique used was slightly different according to the indications for the use but they had to be sure of anaesthetising up to T4. In 90% of cases the patients tolerated the procedure well. No change in ventilation or in metabolic measurements. As far as fertilization was concerned studies carried out in various parameters failed to show any untoward side effects due to the use of local anaesthetics. Finally so long as the anaesthesia is only used for a short length of time this technique seems to be suitable for day cases.
Ambulatory Care↗
[Heart transplantations: impact on female fertility].
Improvements in the management of patients with cardiac transplantation make it possible for these patients in the child-bearing age to expect a pregnancy. In fact, since 1987, several cases of pregnancy after cardiac transplantation have been reported. We report here two cases of successful pregnancy two years after cardiac transplantation. First Case. Pregnancy was uneventful until 36 weeks of gestation with no evidence of transplant rejection. At 38 weeks of gestation, a cesarean section was performed for increasing blood pressure, cholestatic pruritus and cephalopelvic disproportion. Cesarean section was performed under regional anesthesia and a healthy baby boy of 2680 gr was delivered. The patient was discharged one week after. Eighteen months after, both the mother and the baby are in good condition. Second case. Pregnancy was complicated by severe maternal anemia and fetal hypotrophia. Because of increasing renal insufficiency and pre eclampsia, a cesarean section was performed under regional anesthesia at 36 weeks of gestation. Delivery of a healthy baby girl of 1700 g. Five other cases have been reported. Cesarean section performed in september 1984 for a patient who underwent cardiac transplantation in 1980. Delivery of a healthy baby of 3280 gr. Death of the mother five months after following heart transplant rejection. Vaginal delivery performed in august 1986 for a patient who underwent cardiac transplantation in 1984. Delivery of a preterm baby at 31 weeks of gestation who survived without any sequelae. Vaginal delivery performed in august 1987 for a patient who underwent cardiac transplantation in april 1985. Delivery of a healthy baby of 2550 gr at 38 weeks of gestation. Vaginal delivery of twins (baby girl of 1200 and 1100 gr) in april 1988 of a patient who underwent cardiac transplantation in 1986. Vaginal delivery at 38 weeks of gestation performed in november 1990 for a patient who underwent cardiac transplantation in 1986. All the cases reported showed that: The foetus is not affected by the immuno-suppressive treatment of the mother. This was already known for pregnant patients with renal transplant. The cardiovascular changes associated with pregnancy are well tolerated by the heart transplant. Preexisting hypertension is increased, particularly during the third trimester of pregnancy and during labour. The incidence of preterm labor is increased in patients with heart transplant. Transplant rejection never occurred during pregnancy.
Adult↗
Ventilatory effects of laparoscopy under epidural anesthesia.
This study evaluates the respiratory effects of laparoscopy under epidural anesthesia in seven female patients (ASA physical status I) scheduled for a gamete intrafallopian transfer procedure. Epidural anesthesia was performed with 15-18 mL of 1.5% plain lidocaine using a catheter inserted at the L3-4 level. The upper level of analgesia to pinprick was measured 20 min after lidocaine injection. Ventilatory measurements and arterial blood gas analyses were performed (a) preoperatively, in the horizontal supine position with a T7-9 level of analgesia; (b) in the 20 degrees Trendelenburg position with a T2-5 level of analgesia; (c) during intraabdominal insufflation of CO2 through the laparoscope; and (d) after CO2 exsufflation by manual compression of the abdomen before removal of the laparoscope while in the horizontal position. On-line measurements of VO2, VCO2, VE, VT, F, and PETCO2 were made using a Beckman metabolic cart, while the patients breathed room air through an anesthetic face mask. No significant changes in the ventilatory variables were observed in the Trendelenburg position. In contrast, CO2 insufflation significantly increased VE (from 9.1 +/- 1.0 L/min to 11.8 +/- 2.6 L/min, mean +/- SD), and F (from 16.9 +/- 1.9 breaths/min to 23.1 +/- 3.3 breaths/min, mean +/- SD), whereas VCO2 remained unchanged. PaCO2 remained constant throughout the study. These results suggest that epidural anesthesia may be a safe alternative to general anesthesia for outpatient laparoscopy, as it is not associated with ventilatory depression.
Adult↗
[Prolactin adenoma in pregnancy. Anterior and posterior pituitary deficiency caused by tumor growth and later recovery].
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Female↗
Epidural blood patch in the treatment of post dural puncture headache: a double blind study.
A randomised double blind controlled trial of 'epidural blood-patch' as treatment for post-dural puncture headache is presented. The method was successful in 11 out of 12 cases on its first application, the twelfth patient being relieved by a second procedure. None of six patients reported benefit from a 'sham' procedure. The rationale for the use of the technique is discussed.
Adolescent↗