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Biomedical subjects

J Semple

Publications and source records attributed to J Semple.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Epiblepharon in Labrador.

We describe the characteristic configuration of normal Inuit (Eskimo) eyelids. Exaggeration of some normal features of the lower lid can result in epiblepharon inferior. We have seen in Labrador seven patients with epiblepharon of a degree sufficient to require surgical intervention. All were Inuit or had distant Eskimo ancestry. We outline their clinical features and the technique of operation which has been evolved. The results were good. We stress the importance of making the distinction between entropion and epiblepharn because the operative treatments of the two conditions are different. The recommended surgical methods include, for some cases, excision of bulky orbicularis muscle as well as skin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A reproducible method for automated extraction of brain volumes from 3D human head MR images.

An automated method for extracting brain volumes from three commonly acquired three-dimensional (3D) MR images (proton density, T1 weighted, and T2-weighted) of the human head is described. The procedure is divided into four levels: preprocessing, segmentation, scalp removal, and postprocessing. A user-provided reference point is the sole operator-dependent input required. The method's parameters were first optimized and then fixed and applied to 30 repeat data sets from 15 normal older adult subjects to investigate its reproducibility. Percent differences between total brain volumes (TBVs) for the subjects' repeated data sets ranged from .5% to 2.2%. We conclude that the method is both robust and reproducible and has the potential for wide application.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early detection and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and depression with neuropsychological tasks.

The development of novel treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD), aimed at ameliorating symptoms and modifying disease processes, increases the need for early diagnosis. Neuropsychological deficits such as poor episodic memory are a consistent feature of early-in-the-course AD, but they overlap with the cognitive impairments in other disorders such as depression, making differential diagnosis difficult. Computerised and traditional tests of memory, attention and executive function were given to four subject groups: mild AD (n = 26); questionable dementia (QD; n = 43); major depression (n = 37) and healthy controls (n = 39). A visuo-spatial associative learning test accurately distinguished AD from depressed/control subjects and revealed an apparent sub-group of QD patients who performed like AD patients. QD patients' performance correlated with the degree of subsequent global cognitive decline. Elements of contextual and cued recall may account for the task's sensitivity and specificity for AD.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison between the surface electromyogram of the quadriceps surrounding the knees of healthy women and the knees of women with osteoarthrosis.

The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles of women with osteoarthrosis (OA) of the knee with the EMG activity of the QF muscles of healthy women. To this end, a total of 14 subjects attended a single test session during which full-wave rectified surface electromyograms were recorded from the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles during maximum voluntary isometric quadriceps contractions performed at knee angles of 30 degrees and 60 degrees flexion. A comparison of the resultant normalized peak EMG ratios using independent t-tests demonstrated significantly higher composite QF muscle activation for the osteoarthrotic subjects (p < 0.05). A higher RF activation also differentiated the two groups. The findings raise the possibility of a direct correlation between abnormal activation of the QF and joint status. They also suggest that patients with knee OA may benefit functionally from rehabilitation designed to improve QF coordination and endurance, and not merely strength.

Adult↗