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Biomedical subjects

J Senant

Publications and source records attributed to J Senant.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Electroencephalography and normal aging].

It is a widely accepted that normal ageing hardly modifies basal rythms: alpha frequency remains occipital, symmetrical, and reactive when eyes are opened. There is probably a frequency decrease, but this is hard to determine individually in the absence of longitudinal studies. In any event, alpha frequency never drops below 9 cycles per second until after 80 years of age. Localized and mostly left-sided temporal abnormalities in normal subjects have been noted several times in the literature. However, these pose the problem of early detection of brain damage in patients with hypertension, heart of pulmonary disease. Therefore, further EEG studies on normal and pathological cerebral ageing should investigate clinically well-defined populations.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

[EEG in elderly cardiac patients without cerebral lesions].

Ageing is known to be accelerated by risk-factors. The continuity between normal and pathological ageing is still quite disputed. Concerning cerebral ageing, the use of statistical methods on electroencephalographic (EEG) parameters appeared to be interesting. In this study, three different groups of elderly subjects were examined by EEG: normal subjects without neurological nor cardiac disease, subjects with Alzheimer-dementia (AD) and cardiac patients without cerebral clinical signs. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that EEG-parameters discriminating normal subjects from cardiac patients were different from those discriminating AD-patients from normal. Furthermore, AD-patients could be well-discriminated from elderly cardiac patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Pain and extracorporeal lithotripsy for calculi of the upper urinary tract].

This study evaluates, 1) the pain induced by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones using a piezo-electric shock wave lithotriptor (EDAP LT 01) and 2) the predictive factors for severe pain leading to an indication for analgesia. The relationship between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy intensity and pain intensity is evaluated by a numerical scale at the beginning of the session (T0), after 15 min (T15) and after 30 min (T30). At the end of the session, patients are categorized by one of us using a three-point scale which integrates the pain and the maximum tolerable intensity. These two types of evaluation are well correlated. Successive levels of stimulation are well discriminated by patients. Habituation is observed during the session for patients with low-level pain. In 28% of the patients, the intensity of pain required analgesia. Pain cannot be predicted by age, anxiety state, side of the stones and size, diameter of the contact between patient and convergence dome. In contrast, three parameters are correlated with the pain level: The L1 distance of renal parenchyma and the L2 distance skin-stone crossed by the piezoelectric waves, the size of the stone. The superior caliceal, middle caliceal and pelvic stones are significantly the most painful. These predictive variables can be easily measured before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Causes of first convulsive seizures in adults. According to age and sex].

In the absence of epidemiological studies, we thought it might be of interest to investigate the relative frequency of first seizures in adults according to age and sex and in comparison with a control population. Our study of 317 patients admitted to hospital a few hours at most after the seizures demonstrated that alcoholism in young adults and vascular pathology in the elderly play an important role in triggering the first seizures, which accounts for the male predominance in epilepsy of the adult. It also showed that the occurrence of first seizures increases with age, especially after 60 years. We found that premonitory symptoms were present in almost one-third of the patients, even when the seizures seemed to be generalized from the start, and that there was a risk of one or several attacks during the hours that followed the first seizures.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[An aid to the electrophysiological diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy].

The electrophysiological diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in diabetics becomes increasingly difficult with the increase in number of parameters measured. We have examined 102 subjects: 60 diabetics, 32 control subjects and 10 with impaired glucose tolerance. From the 37 recorded parameters during 8 examinations, a linear discriminant analysis allowed us to separate the 19 diabetics with clinical neuropathy and the control subjects with only 5 parameters, with a good concordance (96%): the motor conduction velocities (MCV) of the peroneal and median nerves, the amplitude of the action potential (AP) of the sural nerve, the Hmax/Mmax ratio and the M latency of the Hoffman reflex. These parameters, weighted with a coefficient, constitute a score of discrimination. This score has been tested by the Jackknife method on the same sample (94% of well-classified patients), then validated on the other patients. Thus we propose a method to aid the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, without the arbitrary character of the classical single parameter method, and allowing easy repetition.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Selective reinnervation of the abductor and adductor muscles of the canine larynx after recurrent nerve paralysis.

Functional rehabilitation of the larynx after unilateral vocal cord paralysis was attempted in the dog by selective reinnervation of the laryngeal muscles. The intralaryngeal branches of the right recurrent nerve were dissected. The adductor branch was anastomosed with the ansa cervicalis; the abductor branch was anastomosed with the trunk of the phrenic nerve either within the larynx or through the recurrent nerve, the adductor branch of which was sectioned. Results could be analyzed in seven dogs: mobility of the vocal cord was checked, and electromyography, stimulation of the nerves, and histologic studies were performed. Functional reinnervation of both the adductor and abductor muscles was obtained in only one case, with good abduction. Adduction was recorded in five cases. False-positive results emphasize the necessity of collecting several types of data before concluding that functional reinnervation has been accomplished. The reliability of the procedure can and must be improved.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

The evaluation of CA 19-9 antigen level in the early detection of pancreatic cancer. A prospective study of 866 patients.

To establish if CA 19-9 could detect early pancreatic cancer, we measured its serum concentration in 866 patients admitted for benign diseases and observed for 2 years. All patients with an elevated CA 19-9 level (greater than 40 units (U)/ml) were submitted to a computed tomography (CT) scan of the pancreas. The CA 19-9 level was increased in 117 patients. One hundred fifteen of these 117 patients had false-positive elevations. The CA 19-9 concentration was elevated mostly in benign hepatobiliary diseases. In this group of patients, CA 19-9 was correlated to alkaline phosphatase values. Eleven patients showed an elevated CA 19-9 level for 10 months without any malignancy developing. One patient had a normal CA 19-9 concentration 8 months before clinical signs of pancreatic carcinoma developed. We conclude that CA 19-9 measurement is of no value for the early detection of this malignancy.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnostic value of a distinct rise in sedimentation rate].

Among the 931 patients who were admitted, over a 9-month period, to an internal medicine department, a group of 84 patients (9 p. 100) whose erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 70 mm or more at 1 hour was selected and compared to the remaining 847 patients whose ESR was below 70 mm at 1 hour. In most cases, a pathology likely to account for the distinct rise observed in ESR was found (infection in 42 p. 100 of the cases, malignant disease in 27 p. 100, inflammation in 20 p. 100), and only 5 p. 100 of these rises remained unexplained. This makes an ESR of 70 mm or more a good index of morbidity generally, without pointing at any specific disease. An ESR of 70 mm or more has very low sensitivity (always below 30 p. 100), so that no disease whatsoever can be excluded when the ESR is only slightly elevated. Moreover, in all but infectious diseases a distinctly high ESR is not an index of severity.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[A multi-factorial approach in the vital prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma].

The prognostic assessment of a patient with intra-cerebral hemorrhage (IH) requires simultaneous appraisal of several parameters. We have attempted this with a multivariate method: discriminant analysis. We studied retrospectively 142 patients with non-operated IH, not due to vascular malformation, distributed two months after the initial event in two groups: 92 living patients and 50 dead. Discriminant analysis of 21 parameters from the initial examination and CT scan, selected five factors which best separate the two groups, since 89% of the patients were well classified. These five parameters (age, consciousness impairment, temperature, volume of the hematoma and ventricular hemorrhage) combined, give a prognostic score which gives for each patient his probability of survival or death. The validity of the proposed model was controlled on a test-sample of 66 patients from another department. The possibility of giving a trustworthy spontaneous prognosis on the first day can enable the evaluation of the possible benefit from surgery, which we illustrated with a group of 23 operated patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[Changes in arterial pressure in the postprandial period in the elderly].

The repercussions of food intake on blood pressure may account for certain malaises which occur after meals in elderly people. In this study, blood pressure and heart rate were measured during and after a meal in 39 elderly hospital patients divided into two groups depending on whether or not they were taking drugs likely to act on arterial blood pressure. The patients were compared with two groups of controls: 29 young adults examined after a meal and 16 elderly subjects examined at a distance from meals. A significant fall in blood pressure starting 18 minutes after the meal and without concomitant increase in heart rate, was observed in the 2 groups of elderly patients. No significant changes in blood pressure and heart rate were observed in the 2 control groups. In elderly people, food intake might act on blood pressure through entrapment of blood in splanchnic territories and/or through alteration of baroreceptors.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Evolution of peripheral nerve function in hypoxaemic COPD patients taking almitrine bismesylate: a prospective long-term study.

Almitrine bismesylate has been thought to provoke peripheral neuropathies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there seems to exist alterations of peripheral nerve function in patients with COPD, who have not taken almitrine. We have therefore examined 22 patients with COPD and no other cause of peripheral neuropathy (PN), before and after 6 and 12 months of treatment with almitrine (50 mg bd). Seventy-eight similar patients, who did not take almitrine, were also studied (controls). Sixty-four per cent of controls, and 55% of almitrine patients initially had at least one neurophysiological abnormality. There was no change in the studied parameters after 6 months and one year's treatment with almitrine.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence and severity of drug interactions in the elderly: a prospective study of 639 patients].

The medicinal treatments of 639 patients aged over 65 were recorded on admission to hospital. The mean number of drugs consumed was 4.4 +/- 2.8 per patient. Drug interaction was found in 37 p. 100 of the patients on the basis of data published in the Vidal dictionary. The prevalence of interactions increased with the number of drugs prescribed. The medicinal families most frequently involved were digitalis derivatives, antiarrythmic agents, diuretics, anticoagulants and psychotropic drugs. Thirty patients (4.7 p. 100) presented with a side-effect that was directly ascribable to an interaction. Among the iatrogenic adverse reactions 11 were life-threatening, including 8 cases of severe dysrhythmia and 3 cases of gastrointestinal haemorrhages. Altogether, one-third of all iatrogenic disorders were consecutive to a drug interaction. Simple precautions would have considerably reduced the frequency of such side-effects.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Improvement of diabetic polyneuritis with naftidrofuryl. Preliminary results].

This study was a 6-month open trial of the effects of naftidrofuryl fumarate (600 mg/day orally) on the clinical and electrophysiological signs of diabetic polyneuropathy in 15 patients. A scored clinical evaluation and an indexed electrophysiological examination were done at inclusion, and after 3 and 6 months. Mean clinical score and electrophysiological index was improved after 3 months of therapy, the improvement persisting at 6 months, with no change in control of diabetes. These results could be related to the vasodilating properties of the drug, causing an increase in nerve temperature, or to a specific neurotropic action, as recently demonstrated in rats. Controlled studies are necessary to confirm these results, and explore the mechanism of this improvement.

Adult↗