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Biomedical subjects

J Shamian

Publications and source records attributed to J Shamian.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Staff nurses' and nurse managers' perceptions of job-related empowerment and managerial self-efficacy.

Although much has been written about the importance of empowerment in nursing, few theoretical frameworks provide guidance for nurse administrators in their attempts to create empowered nursing work environments. The authors describe a study testing Kanter's Theory of Structural Power in Organizations in a nursing setting. They argue that the findings provide evidence of the usefulness of this model for increasing perceptions of job-related empowerment of both staff nurses and managers. Specific empowerment strategies derived from Kanter's theory are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Integrating a nursing professional practice model and nursing informatics in a collective bargaining environment.

The integration of a professional practice model of nursing and nursing informatics support for that model is congruent with the goals of a professional nursing union. Thus, the collective-bargaining unit can be a powerful ally to nursing management in achieving the integration of a professional practice model of nursing and nursing informatics. This alliance is based on a shared vision of the nature of professional nursing practice and a common concern for the quality of working life and working environment of the professional nurse. This alliance can provide the basis for decision making about the type of nursing information system to be selected or developed for installation in a particular organization. Use of a participatory decision-making process will ensure that all nursing stakeholders are committed to the decision made and prepared to assist with the resolution of implementation issues as they arise. A harmonious alliance of nursing management and the nursing union ensures a partnership that will protect the clinical nursing caregiver and provide a unified voice for nursing within the organization to resist any attempt by other stakeholders to implement an information system that will not meet the needs of nursing. If nursing management and the collective bargaining unit share the concept of a professional model of nursing practice and view nursing informatics as a tool to assist the nursing staff to operationalize the professional model of nursing, then collaboration in resolving issues related to the implementation of nursing information systems will facilitate the process of achieving the integration of a professional practice model of nursing and nursing informatics support for that model.

Collective Bargaining↗
PubMed1991

Effect of teaching decision analysis on student nurses' clinical intervention decision making.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of teaching decision analysis on nursing students' ability to prioritize clinical interventions given the probabilities for the decision situation. Sixty-eight university nursing students were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The 37 nursing students in the experimental group received a 4-hour didactic and interactive teaching session on decision analysis. The 31 nursing students in the control group also received a 4-hour interactive session on a nondecision analysis topic. A posttest experimental design was selected to minimize testing bias. Three clinical case studies were developed, tested, and utilized for data collection. Subjects in the experimental group selected clinical decisions that were in accordance with clinical decisions made by experts more often and more consistently than did subjects in the control group (p less than .0001).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The Toronto Breast Self-Examination Instrument (TBSEI): its development and reliability and validity data.

The Toronto Breast Self-Examination Instrument (TBSEI) was developed out of the need for a self-administered survey that is reliable and valid. This article describes the development of the TBSEI, its dimensions, and reliability and validity data to support its continued use. To analyze the reliability and validity properties of the three TBSEI scales, we surveyed 729 Toronto, Ontario women. The TBSEI was found to have good face and content validity, internal consistency reliability (0.91, 0.69, 0.85), and test-retest reliability (0.89). Age norms for each of the three scales are also provided. These results are consistent with previous research findings in breast cancer and breast self-examination research.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Factors influencing patients' informational needs at time of hospital discharge.

The relationship between patients' perceived informational needs and selected sociodemographic and illness-related variables were examined in a sample of 301 adult medical and surgical patients preparing for discharge from an acute care setting. Marital status, living arrangements and chronicity of illness had no influence on the importance of informational needs as measured by the Patient Learning Need Scale (PLNS). More informational needs were identified by females than males, and those with malignant as opposed to benign disease. Length of time spent in the hospital, number of discharge medications, and patient perception of the influence of the illness on life were positively correlated with informational needs at the time of discharge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The Patient Learning Needs Scale: reliability and validity.

The article describes the development and initial psychometric evaluation of an instrument to measure patients' perceptions of learning needs at time of discharge from hospital to home. Evaluation of the Patient Learning Needs Scale was based on responses of 301 adults hospitalized with a medical or surgical illness. Factor analysis isolated seven subscales: medications, activities of living, feelings related to condition, community and follow-up, treatment and complications, enhancing quality of life and skin care. These seven factors accounted for 56.1% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha for the 50-item scale was 0.95.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The concept and practice of preceptorship in contemporary nursing: a review of pertinent literature.

The authors review 21 articles on preceptor programs in schools of nursing and service settings. They provide comparative details of various aspects of preceptor programs but particularly emphasize, first, the ways in which preceptors are trained and secondly, the content of preceptor training programs. The purpose of the review is to help administrators set up preceptor programs in their own localities.

Canada↗
PubMed1984

Factors affecting the nurse as a teacher and practicer of breast self-examination.

The purpose of this study was to compare the knowledge, attitudes, confidence and practice of breast self-examination of a group of hospital-employed nurses and non-nurses, in an attempt to understand the factors which influence why nurses do not teach or practice breast self-examination more significantly. A 41-item questionnaire administered to 380 female hospital employees compared data on demographics, risk factors, practice, knowledge, perceived susceptibility and reasons for and against practice. The findings show significant differences in knowledge levels and confidence between the nurse and non-nurse group. The differences between the two groups in frequency of practice, however, are extremely small. The significance of these findings to nursing education is discussed.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1984

A randomized trial of intra-hospital relocation of geriatric patients in a tertiary-care teaching hospital.

Growing numbers of aged patients are being cared for in both acute care and chronic care settings. It is often necessary to relocate elderly patients within the institution. Relocations are generally considered to increase mortality and morbidity among the elderly and to be detrimental to activities of daily living. Effects of relocation on long-term patients in an acute care institution are examined. Thirty-six (36) patients were assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n = 20) was relocated for nine weeks, while members of the control group (n = 16) remained in their original units. The two groups were evaluated for differences in mortality, morbidity, activities of daily living, and drug management. The experimental group was managed by a geriatrics team during the nine-week relocation period, while the control group remained under the supervision of a general medical surgical team. No statistically significant (P less than 0.05) differences were found with respect to mortality and morbidity, activities of daily living, or drug management. Some clinical improvements were noticed in the experimental group under the geriatrics team's supervision. The authors conclude that if careful consideration is given to the relocation of long-term patients in an acute care setting, detrimental outcomes can be avoided.

Activities of Daily Living↗