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Biomedical subjects

J Shaver

Publications and source records attributed to J Shaver.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Daily gastrointestinal symptoms in women with and without a diagnosis of IBS.

This study compared daily gastrointestinal symptoms and stool characteristics across two menstrual cycles, and recalled bowel symptoms and psychological distress in women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS, N = 22), IBS nonpatients (IBS-NP, N = 22), and controls (N = 25). Daily reports of abdominal pain, bloating, intestinal gas, constipation, and diarrhea did not differ significantly between the IBS and IBS-NP groups but both groups reported significantly higher symptoms than the control group. Stool consistencies was significantly looser in the IBS group relative to the control group. Menstrual cycle effects on symptoms were noted in all the groups. There were no significant differences in psychological distress between women with IBS and IBS-NP, but both groups reported significantly higher global distress than the control group. The lack of difference between the IBS and IBS-NP groups in contrast to the results of others, can be understood in terms of differences in recruitment strategies.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1994

Understanding the febrile state according to an individual adaptation framework.

Fever is a common problem in the critically ill that is often treated by nurses. Decisions regarding treatment of fever would be more informed if based upon research related to fever. The authors, in this article, present an individual adaptation framework for conceptualizing the components of the febrile state important to practice, and review some of the existing research related to development, assessment, and treatment of fever.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

The dyspnea experience: nociceptive properties and a model for research and practice.

Dyspnea has been defined as the unpleasant sensation of difficult breathing and the reaction to that sensation. Dyspnea research, however, has largely used a unidimensional, sensory model of dyspnea devoid of the affective and motivational dimensions that uniquely characterize this sensation in clinical populations. Dyspnea might be more comprehensively viewed as a nociceptive phenomenon which, like pain, has affective dimensions expressed as distress in response to aversiveness. A multidimensional, ecologic model of the dyspnea experience is presented that incorporates nociceptive sensation properties and is suggestive of new directions for dyspnea research uniquely relevant to nursing science.

Dyspnea↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of hypertensive and nonhypertensive coronary care patients' cardiovascular responses to visitors.

Patients with and without hypertension in a coronary care unit (n = 24) were compared with respect to cardiovascular responses to both a family visit and an interview by an investigator. Variables for each of the four cardiovascular indicators (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and premature ventricular contractions) included the value before, the highest value during, the lowest value during, and the value after each social interaction condition. The highest group means for systolic blood pressure and heart rate were significantly higher for patients with hypertension than for patients without hypertension under both the interview and visit conditions. Differences in cardiovascular responses were not significantly greater for family visits than for interviews for patients with hypertension compared with those without hypertension. Thus, although hypertensive patients had greater cardiovascular reactivity to both social interaction conditions than nonhypertensive patients in the coronary care unit, family visits were no more physiologically stressful than a comparative interaction condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Growth hormone secretion in Prader-Willi syndrome.

Integrated 12-hour growth hormone secretion studies, peak growth hormone response to clonidine provocation. Somatomedin-C levels, T-4 and TSH levels were studied in six growth-retarded children with the Prader-Willi syndrome, of whom five had a 15 q-karyotype. Only one of the subjects was obese. All showed abnormally low growth hormone secretion. None achieved a nocturnal peak above 10 micrograms/l, none had a mean nocturnal level over 1.8, and none showed a level above 8 micrograms/l after clonidine provocation. These findings contrasted with normal TSH in all and normal T-4 in five. These findings suggest that the poor linear growth in the Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by a true deficiency of growth hormone secretion, and that the low growth hormone levels observed in such cases are not an artifact of obesity.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Cardiovascular responses to family visits in coronary care unit patients.

Changes in four cardiovascular indicators: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and premature ventricular contractions, were studied as responses to family visits and a 10-minute interview with the investigator in 24 patients in a coronary care unit. By use of a repeated-measures design, data were compared by multivariate analysis of variance. No significant differences were found between the group mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and rate of premature ventricular contractions during family visits and interviews. The lowest systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly lower during the visit than during the interview, suggesting that the visit had a calming effect on patients. Although the highest heart rate was significantly higher during the visit than during the interview, the difference was clinically inconsequential. The wide variance in premature ventricular contraction values suggests individual variation in responses, but no significant differences were found between visits and interviews. Although family visits were no more physiologically stressful than a comparative social interaction, select subsamples of patients with cardiac disease should be studied for more specific reaction patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sleep patterns and stability in perimenopausal women.

Women between the ages of 40 and 59 years were classified as pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal, with and without hot flash symptoms, for comparison of somnographic sleep variables. Few differences in sleep variables were noted between the groups. However, peri- and postmenopausal women experiencing hot flashes (symptomatic) tended to have lower sleep efficiencies than those not experiencing hot flashes. As well, rapid-eye-movement (REM) latency was longer (p less than 0.05) in the symptomatic women (means = 94.2 min) than in the nonsymptomatic women (means = 71.4 min). Although an age difference existed between the menopausal status groups, it was less than a decade and a main group effect for sleep efficiency and REM latency was seen while controlling for age and/or depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of adaptive seating devices on the eating and drinking of children with multiple handicaps.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of adaptive seating on oral-motor functioning as it relates to eating and drinking in 11 children with multiple handicaps between the ages of 1 and 4 years. An assessment instrument with a behavioral base was used for the seven direct observations of each child's motor behavior. During the first and last visit the parent or guardian filled out a pre- and post-equipment questionnaire. Evaluations were conducted every 6 weeks beginning 3 months before and ending 6 months after the receipt of the seating devices. An analysis of variance was used to analyze rating scale score data. A nonparametric sign test was used for the analysis of yes/no data. Other data were analyzed for frequencies and central tendencies. Sitting posture and head alignment during eating and drinking improved significantly. A significant increase in the frequency with which liquid and food was retained in the mouth was noted. A significant number of children progressed from bottle to cup drinking and from eating blended to chopped or cut-up food. The present research extends beyond case study and retrospective study reports to support the efficacy of the use of adaptive seating devices by children with multiple handicaps.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1985

Time course alterations of QTC interval due to hypaque 76.

Sequential measurement of QT interval during left ventricular angiography was made 30 seconds and one, three, five and ten minutes after injection of hypaque 76. The subjects were ten patients found to have normal left ventricles and coronary arteries. Significant QTC prolongation occurred in 30 seconds to one minute in association with marked hypotension and elevation of cardiac output.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1984

Changes in epicardial and core temperatures during resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock.

The hypothermic effect of resuscitation solution temperature on epicardial and core temperatures in 15 dogs during hemorrhagic shock was studied. Hemorrhagic shock was induced and dogs were then resuscitated with either body-temperature lactated Ringer's, room-temperature lactated Ringer's, 4 degrees C blood, warmed blood, or cold blood mixed with 50 degrees C lactated Ringer's. There was a significant decrease (p = 0.001) from baseline temperature recordings with the use of room-temperature lactated Ringer's, cold blood, and cold blood mixed with 50 degrees C lactated Ringer's. Baseline temperatures were not significantly changed with the use of warmed blood or body-temperature lactated Ringer's. The results of this study support the use of warmed blood or body-temperature lactated Ringer's during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Left atrial transport function.

These studies show that the left atrial booster pump action serves as a supercharger which can increase left ventricular stroke volume in the range of 25 percent; and in patients with aortic stenosis, stroke work in the range of 50 percent (4). These changes can occur in the face of increased resistance to left ventricular filling in clinical conditions such as aortic stenosis where there is diminished left ventricular compliance and in mitral stenosis where there is stenotic resistance to left ventricular filling from the atrium. In spite of this fact, assessment of left atrial function by measurement of cardiac output changes occurring after return from atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm yields erratic and confusing results. The reason for this is that atrial function, per se, is not a primary determinant of steady state cardiac output. Sequential A-V pacing may temporarily increase stroke volume in an acute setting like myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, one cannot infer from such observations that the use of permanent transvenous A-V sequential pacing will augment steady state cardiac output over a period of time. This is an important point to remember when considering the use of sequential A-V pacing, since it requires insertion of more complicated pacing and sensing wires as well as a more complex circuitry. All of these features lead to an increased risk of pacemaker malfunction. This increased risk of malfunction is not justified unless there is good evidence that atrial contribution is important in a given patient.

Aortic Valve Stenosis↗