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Biomedical subjects

J Sher

Publications and source records attributed to J Sher.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Ipsilateral knee injury with femoral fracture. Examination under anesthesia and arthroscopic evaluation.

Forty adults with closed diaphyseal femoral fractures and no previous knee injury were prospectively studied to determine the incidence of concomitant ipsilateral extra- and intraarticular knee injury. After intramedullary nailing, examination under anesthesia and arthroscopy were performed. The mechanism of injury was high-energy trauma. Femoral fixation included 30 interlocked nails. The results of the examination showed laxity > Grade I in 52.5% of the patients. Significant arthroscopic findings included 19 partial (48%) and two complete (5%) anterior cruciate injuries; two partial (5%) and one complete (2.5%) posterior cruciate injuries; and five medial (12%) and eight lateral (20%) meniscus tears. Significant arthroscopic findings (anterior cruciate ligament or posterior cruciate ligament injuries, meniscal tear, osteochondral fracture) were noted in conjunction with effusion or laxity > Grade I in more than half of the group, and such findings were present in one third despite absence of effusion or laxity. This study documented the incidence and array of findings noted at arthroscopy. In all, 22 patients (55%) had significant arthroscopic findings. A high incidence of knee injuries, including many that were occult, occurred in conjunction with ipsilateral femoral shaft fractures. Based on these findings, the authors recommend a high index of suspicion for coexisting knee injuries with ipsilateral femoral fracture and use of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Prevention of myelinolysis in rats by dexamethasone or colchicine.

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether dexamethasone, an agent known to preserve the blood-brain barrier, and colchicine, an agent that impairs mobilization of macrophages, can prevent demyelinating lesions associated with rapid correction of hyponatremia in the experimental animal. Hyponatremia was induced in rats with Pitressin and water. After 4 days hyponatremic rats received hypertonic saline alone or hypertonic saline plus dexamethasone or colchicine. All of the 9 rats that received only 5% NaCl developed demyelinating disease, while 3 of 6 rats treated with dexamethasone and 5 of 15 rats treated with colchicine showed no CNS abnormality. The results of our investigation might help understand the pathogenetic mechanism of central pontine myelinolysis in humans, a disease attributed to rapid correction of hyponatremia.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Reconstruction of the edentulous mandible with a lower border graft and subperiosteal implant.

A technique is described that is designed to augment the severely atrophied edentulous mandible by the use of a bone or bone-hydroxylapatite filled mesh tray attached to the inferior border. This method permits the intraoral environment to remain unchanged, causing neither a decrease of intermaxillary distance nor placement of graft material on the ridge crest, which would offer a less stable and predictable base for acceptance of a subperiosteal implant. Lower facial length becomes augmented, inferior labial posture is improved, redundant cervical tissue is eliminated, and masticatory function is enhanced.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The transosteal implant: a 17-year review and report.

The survival percentage for the transosteal implant is 80.9% +/- 0.04 and predictably satisfactory host site responses may be anticipated at the 100% level after the second successful year in situ. The benefits of the transosteal implant are its unsophisticated design with a straight uncomplicated cervix, a simple surgical technique, economy, immediate fixation and readiness for use, modesty of size, versatility (it may be used singly or in diverse multiples in association with teeth or other implants), ease of removal when indicated, and universality of application to a broad variety of anatomic and prosthetic situations.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1986

Alzheimer's disease in a patient on long-term hemodialysis: a case report.

This case report describes a progressive dementia in a 49-year-old black male on long-term hemodialysis. The initial presentation simulated depression. The dementia persisted after an unsuccessful cadaver homograft transplant. The character of the dementia was nonspecific but typical features of dialysis dementia were lacking. Autopsy revealed a ruptured cerebral aneurysm, polycystic kidneys, moderately severe atherosclerosis, miliary tuberculosis, and neurofibrillary degeneration of the hippocampus. The significance of a possible relationship between end-stage renal disease (ESRD), hemodialysis, and Alzheimer's disease in this case is discussed.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1986

The protective effect of profound hypothermia on the canine central nervous system during one hour of circulatory arrest.

Circulatory arrest during profound hypothermia is a safe technique of cardiac surgery when used in selected instances. Despite its proven safety, the degree of cerebral protection offered by this technique is still poorly defined. Ten dogs anesthetized with Pentothal (thiopental sodium) were surface cooled to 32 degrees C. They were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass, cooled to 13 degrees C (cerebral temperature), and then underwent one hour of circulatory arrest. At the end of the arrest period, the dogs were rewarmed, resuscitated, and successfully weaned from bypass. A control group of 6 dogs were subjected to the same protocol but without the one-hour period of circulatory arrest. There were no group differences in animal weight, duration of surface cooling, cardiopulmonary bypass, or rewarming, mean flow, or mean arterial pressure. After a 7-day observation period, the dogs were killed with rapid tissue fixation using formalin. No neurological deficits were noted in any of the dogs during the observation period. The fixed brains were examined by a neuropathologist. No gross or microscopic evidence of cerebral hypoxia was seen in any of the animals. We conclude that one hour of circulatory arrest under profoundly hypothermic temperatures produces no detectable neurological changes or histological evidence of cerebral hypoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy in an albino girl. A cliniconeuropathologic study.

We present a cliniconeuropathologic study of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) in a 5-year-old Black girl with albinism. The clinical picture shows progressive psychomotor deterioration, beginning after 1 year of age, with hypotonia, pyramidal signs, optic atrophy, and deafness. Light-microscopic examination of the brain reveals wide distribution of spheroids, cerebellar atrophy, and neuronal loss with astrocytosis. This is the first described case of the combination of INAD with albinism.

Albinism↗
PubMed1982

Cerebro-oculo-muscular syndrome: a variant of Fukuyama congenital cerebromuscular dystrophy.

Familial occurrence of cerebral malformations with muscular dystrophy was described by Fukuyama as congenital cerebromuscular dystrophy. We have observed a new syndrome belonging to the same group in three siblings. These syndromes differ in the degree of CNS involvement and abnormalities in the eye. The main clinical characteristics of our cohort were dysmorphic face, hypotonia, areflexia, failure to thrive, corneal opacity, cataract, dysgenesis of the anterior chamber of the eye, and death within the 1st year of life. Hydrocephalus and agyria were verified by computed tomography. Neuropathologic examination demonstrated malformations of the CNS. The agyric hemispheres with polymicrogyria in several cortical segments and severe cortical disorganization in other segments represented the principal anomaly. Congenital muscular dystrophy was also found. The CNS anomalies demonstrated a long-lasting pathologic process extending to involve the eye and muscle, which is most likely an inborn error of metabolism with autosomal recessive inheritance.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

Epidemic headache.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1980

Lack of predictive indices in kernicterus: a comparison of clinical and pathologic factors in infants with or without kernicterus.

A review of 398 neonatal autopsies at Downstate Medical Center revealed 27 cases of kernicterus during the seven-year period from 1971 through 1977. With the current intensive care of the sick newborn, kernicterus continues to occur, mainly in premature infants with relatively low levels of serum bilirubin (mean of 11.5 mg/100 ml). To understand the factors contributing to the development of kernicterus, clinical and pathologic findings in 27 infants with kernicterus were compared to 103 "control" infants with retrospectively. Birth weight, gestational age, sex, and Apgar scores were comparable in both groups. The duration of survival was significantly shorter in infants with kernicterus than in the control infants. The clinical signs and symptoms of kernicterus were nonspecific and the premortem diagnosis of kernicterus was not suspected in most of the cases. There were no significant differences in the peak serum bilirubin values, incidence of hypothermia, hypoglycemia, convulsions, anemia, infection, use of phototherapy, transfusion and exchange transfusion in the two groups. Serum albumin values and bilirubin binding capacity measured by 2-(4-hydroxybenzeneazo)benzoic acid were significantly lower in the kernicteric group although the bilirubin-albumin molar ratio was equal in both groups. The incidences of severe acidosis and hypoxic encephalopathy were significantly higher in the kernicteric infants. In this study, acidosis, hypoxia, hypoalbuminemia, and low bilirubin binding capacity were seen more often in kernicteric infants than in control infants. However, analysis of previously suggested risk factors failed to identify any single factor or combination of factors which could be predictive to the development of kernicterus.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1979

Leukomalacia with ruptured saccular aneurysm.

A 42-year-old woman with a ruptured saccular aneurysm of the internal carotid artery developed large areas of cerebral leukomalacia, resulting in hemiparesis and an obtunded mental state. A significant factor in the development of the white matter lesions was episodic hypotension, leading to reduced cerebral blood flow in a patient whose cerebral circulation was already compromised by vasospasm secondary to the subarachnoid hemorrhage. This case illustrates yet another clinical situation associated with the development of white matter necrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Sensory deprivation.

The loss of vision, hearing, and speech, even on a temporary basis, may be responsible for strange, unpredictable, or bizarre behavior. The placement of obtundent surgical dressings may be responsible for the symptoms of sensory deprivation.

Aged↗