PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Sherrard

Publications and source records attributed to J Sherrard.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Injury mortality in adults 25-64 years of age: implications for prevention.

The aim of this retrospective study was to identify major categories of death from injury in the age range 25 to 64 years and their potential for prevention. We analysed the Victorian Coroner's database of deaths from injury for the three years from 1989-90 to 1991-92. The major causes of death were suicide (39.9 per cent) and transport-related injury (30.2 per cent). Males accounted for 75.4 per cent of injury deaths. The highest mortality rate was in the youngest age group, 25 to 29 years. Deaths from injury in the study age range accounted for slightly more than half of all deaths from injury in Victoria, although this age group had a lower mortality rate than other age groups. Specific issues for prevention programs include reduction of access to carbon monoxide car emissions and prevention of transport-related injury to motor vehicle occupants. Data reliability issues identified in this study have implications for refinements of the Victorian Coroner's database and hence for the National Coronial Information System currently under development.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Gonorrhoea in men: clinical and diagnostic aspects.

AIM: To review the features of gonococcal infection in men in the 1990s. METHODS: A retrospective study of all men with gonorrhoea presenting to an inner city department of genitourinary medicine in the years 1990 to 1992. RESULTS: 1749 cases of gonorrhoea were seen in 1382 men. A high incidence of gonorrhoea was found in attenders of African or Caribbean extraction. In 228 men with a known date of infection, the incubation period, a mean of 8.3 days, was longer than previously described. The mean infectious period was 12.0 days. By 14 days 86.2% of men had developed symptoms. Of 1615 men with urethral infection 81.9% complained of discharge, while dysuria occurred in 52.8%. Discharge with dysuria were present in only 48.1% of patients. In 10.2% episodes of urethral infection the patients had no symptoms referable to their gonorrhoea. Urethral gonorrhoea was diagnosed by microscopy in 94.4% of symptomatic men and in only 81.1% of asymptomatic men. Microscopy of rectal samples were positive in 46.4% of cases. In this population, a dose of 2 g of ampicillin with 1 g of probenecid gave a high cure rate of gonorrhoea as long as infection was not due to penicillinase-producing organisms. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the incubation and infectious period of urethral gonorrhoea has increased compared with previous studies and that symptoms have altered. Only 48.1% of men described the classical symptoms of discharge with dysuria. Microscopy of urethral smears remains useful in symptomatic men but is less sensitive in those without symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Men with repeated episodes of gonorrhoea 1990-1992.

Patients who acquire repeated infections of gonorrhoea are well described. A study was undertaken of male patients attending a central London clinic in an attempt to identify features of those acquiring repeated infections to facilitate risk reduction strategies. During the 3 years 1990 to 1992, 18.8% of patients contributed 35.8% of episodes with a mean time between episodes of 10.5 weeks. Those with repeat infections were more likely to be black and to have had more than one episode of gonorrhoea prior to the study period. They are also more likely to have had 3 or more recent partners. While those with repeated infections do not form a homogeneous group there are certain characteristics that should enable targeting of a subgroup.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Injury morbidity in Victoria among adults 25 to 64 years of age: implications for prevention.

The aim of this retrospective study was to complete the baseline descriptive epidemiology of hospital-treated injury for all ages in Victoria, by focusing on the age group, 25 to 64 years, to identify major categories of injury and the potential for prevention. We analysed injury databases for hospital admissions and emergency department presentations for major variables influencing injury frequency and rates. We found that nearly 40 per cent (158 537) of all hospitalisations for injury occurred in the study age range. The major causes of injury were health-care related causes (32 per cent), falls (15 per cent), transport (14 per cent), and intentional causes (10 per cent). The leading reason for emergency department presentation (excluding admission) was unintentional cutting or piercing injury. The home was the major location of injury. Vehicles, man-made and natural surfaces, knives, and floors and flooring materials were among the leading five factors potentially associated with both admissions and presentations. Injury prevention in this age range will be largely addressed by the injury-prevention strategy being implemented in Victoria. However, specific additional issues were identified, including falls from ladders and scaffolds, pedestrian and female passenger injury, and injury associated with power tools, chain saws, and knives.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Homosexually acquired gonorrhoea in Victoria, 1983-1991.

OBJECTIVE: To identify trends in the rate of gonorrhoea, particularly homosexually acquired infection. DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive study of records stored in a relational database. Records contain epidemiological, demographic and microbiological data of laboratory confirmed cases of gonorrhoea. SUBJECTS: Individuals with gonorrhoea diagnosed microbiologically in Victoria and from whom isolates were subsequently forwarded to the Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, University of Melbourne, for further bacteriological work for the years 1983-1991. RESULTS: Overall, gonorrhoea is declining in Victoria in the general population but has risen sharply in recent years in homosexually active men. An increased number of cases of rectal gonorrhoea in men has also been noted. An age cohort effect in homosexually active men is only evident for the final year of the study. These men do not tend to acquire gonorrhoea abroad and beta-lactamase producing gonococci are rarely found in this group. CONCLUSIONS: Gonorrhoea in homosexually active men has increased disproportionately to the rate of infection in heterosexual men in recent years, despite intensive education and counselling aimed at the gay community. Implications for risk of acquisition of other sexually transmitted diseases, including the human immunodeficiency virus, are evident.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Gonorrhoea in men.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

PPNG at St Thomas' Hospital--a changing provenance.

Between 1986 and 1992, 15% of all cases of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) notified in the UK were seen at our central London clinic. During this time the geographical provenance of PPNG has changed. Africa and SE Asia have been supplanted by the Caribbean as the predominant source, with 21.4% of all cases being directly imported from there in 1992. If all gonococcal infections acquired outside the UK had been assumed to be PPNG, together with those occurring in patients with family origins in Africa or SE Asia, some 60% of cases of PPNG could have been predicted before laboratory confirmation of resistance. There is little evidence that PPNG has become endemic in the United Kingdom.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

'Grey case'.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modern diagnosis and management of gonorrhoea.

Gonorrhoea remains a major global cause of morbidity. Increasingly asymptomatic infection in both women and men is recognized. Diagnosis can be via direct and indirect methods and, despite the development of newer techniques, culture remains the gold standard. The success of antimicrobial treatment depends to some extent upon the site of infection but is particularly influenced by increasing rates of antibiotic resistance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗