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Biomedical subjects

J Short

Publications and source records attributed to J Short.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Planning a continuing education program: the model for health education planning.

1. Development of CE programs for occupational health nurses is integral to professional development. Occupational health nurses are constantly being required to increase and upgrade skills. 2. Evolving issues in health care reform reflect an emphasis on the cost effective, quality care provided by well prepared occupational health nurses. Thus, the need for providing high quality programs and resources for occupational health nurses becomes a challenge for CE providers. 3. The Model for Health Education Planning (MHEP) is used to describe the development of a program. The MHEP includes six phases: initiation, needs assessment, goal setting, planning/programming, implementation, and evaluation. 4. Use of the MHEP ensures that the program planning process is achieved in an appropriate manner. The focus is on meeting the needs of the learner.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1989

The latest proposals for changing the British NHS: a health service manager's view of the White Paper.

The nature of the plans for change detailed in the National Health Service review White Paper, Working for Patients, which was presented to the British Parliament on 1 February 1989, are examined in this paper. Seven key measures are identified and outlined. The author extrapolates from the nature of the plans contained within the White Paper, the types of problems within the NHS that are attracting government attention. Questions are raised as to the appropriateness and likelihood of success of the White Paper plans in view of the problems currently besetting the NHS.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Effect of the hemopump left ventricular assist device on regional myocardial perfusion and function. Reduction of ischemia during coronary occlusion.

The Hemopump is a new 7-mm diameter left ventricular assist device that provides as much as 3.5 l/min of nonpulsatile cardiac output after fluoroscopic placement into the left ventricle through a femoral artery cutdown. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of Hemopump assist on hemodynamics, left ventricular function, and perfusion in the presence and absence of ischemia. Eight dogs were instrumented under pentobarbital anesthesia with left ventricular, left atrial, and aortic catheters, a loose silk ligature around the midleft anterior descending coronary artery, and sonomicrometer crystals in midwall myocardium within the left anterior descending and circumflex perfusion territories. Hemodynamic variables, regional systolic fractional shortening, and myocardial perfusion after left atrial injection of 15-microns radiolabeled microspheres were measured in the presence and absence of Hemopump assist before and after left anterior descending artery occlusion. In the absence of ischemia, Hemopump left ventricular assist resulted in reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure while aortic mean pressure was maintained, and there was significant reduction in regional systolic fractional shortening (reflecting systolic unloading) that correlated with an 18% decline in regional myocardial perfusion. During left anterior descending artery occlusion, left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressures were reduced during Hemopump assist while aortic mean pressure was maintained. Perfusion rose in the ischemic territory (from 13.0 +/- 8.7% to 26.2 +/- 19.8% of nonischemic flow, p = 0.045). Reduced fractional shortening was again seen in nonischemic tissue with Hemopump assist during left anterior descending artery occlusion, and this was often correlated with reduced perfusion (r = 0.67).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Replacements of lysine 32 in yeast cytochrome c. Effects on the binding and reactivity with physiological partners.

Lysine 32 has been previously implicated by chemical modification and modeling studies as a key component of the domain which controls recognition and binding of cytochrome c to its physiological partners, e.g. cytochrome b2, cytochrome c peroxidase, and cytochrome oxidase. In order to quantitate the importance of this residue, we have investigated the role of Lys-32 in the reactivity of cytochrome c in redox reactions in vitro and in vivo with protein partners by using a series of altered forms of iso-1-cytochrome c from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which Lys-32 is replaced by Leu-32, Gln-32, Trp-32, and Tyr-32. Leu-32 and Gln-32 represent substitutions which change charge without seriously affecting the steric bulk of the side chain or the stability of the protein. For the Leu-32- and Gln-32-altered proteins, steady state kinetic studies with cytochrome c peroxidase, cytochrome b2, and cytochrome oxidase showed that neither of the steady state kinetic parameters, Km nor Vmax, were substantially modified by mutation. Studies of single turnover kinetics with a small molecule (ascorbate) or within bound complexes with either cytochrome b5 or cytochrome c peroxidase demonstrated that redox kinetics are only slightly affected by these substitutions. NMR experiments demonstrated that the Gln-32-altered protein can still bind strongly to a physiological partner, cytochrome c peroxidase. Growth in lactate medium demonstrated that the activity in vivo compared with the normal value was reduced to only 85% with the Gln-32- and Leu-32-altered proteins and to 65% with the Trp-32- and Tyr-32-altered proteins. These findings suggest that the evolutionary invariance of Lys-32 reflects only small quantitative changes in the binding and reactivity of cytochrome c.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

The effects of shift work on nurses: implications for Australian hospitals.

This review of Australian and international research on the effects of shift work on nurses reveals that there is neither a wide nor a growing body of information on shift work in nursing. Shift work in nursing has been the subject of only three substantial studies overseas, and none in Australia. Although research indicates that there are negative physiological, psychological and social consequences associated with shift work, it is not possible at the current time to favour any single shift or roster system, particularly in nursing where empirical research is wanting.

Australia↗
PubMed1987

Replacement of the invariant lysine 77 by arginine in yeast iso-1-cytochrome c results in enhanced and normal activities in vitro and in vivo.

Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to generate an abnormal iso-1-cytochrome c having an Arg-77 replacement of the normal Lys-77; this Lys-77 residue is evolutionarily conserved in most eukaryotic cytochromes c and is trimethylated in fungal and plant cytochromes c. Examination of strains having a single chromosomal copy of the gene encoding the Arg-77 protein indicated that the altered protein was synthesized at the normal rate and that it had normal or near normal activity in vivo. Examination of enzymatic activities in vitro with cytochrome b2, cytochrome c peroxidase, and cytochrome c oxidase indicated that the altered iso-1-cytochrome c has equal or enhanced catalytic efficiencies. Thus, replacement of the evolutionarily conserved residue Lys-77 produces no or only minor effects both in vivo and in vitro.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and characterization of the gene coding for cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) from the rat.

The gene for cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) [GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating), EC 4.1.1.32] from the rat was isolated from a recombinant library containing the rat genome in phage lambda Charon 4A. The isolated clone, lambda PCK1, contains the complete gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and approximately equal to 7 kilobases (kb) of flanking sequence at the 5' end and 1 kb at the 3' terminus. Restriction endonuclease mapping, R-loop mapping, and partial DNA sequence assay indicate that the gene is approximately equal to 6.0 kb in length (coding for a mRNA of 2.8 kb) and contains eight introns. Southern blotting of rat DNA digested with various restriction enzymes shows a pattern predicted from the restriction map of lambda PCK1. A control region at the 5' end of the gene contained in a 1.2-kb restriction fragment was isolated and subcloned into pBR322. This segment of the gene contains the usual transcription start sequences and a 24-base sequence virtually identical to the sequence found in the 5'-flanking region of the human proopiomelonocortin gene, which is known to be regulated by glucocorticoids. The 1.2-kb fragment of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene can be transcribed into a unique RNA fragment of predicted size by an in vitro transcription assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Synthesis of an hypothesis advocating a prominent role for the thyroid hormones in mammalian liver cell proliferation in vivo.

This review summarizes the accumulating evidence supporting a conspicuous role for the thyroid hormones and/or hepatic levels of nuclear T3-binding sites in hepatocytes proliferation in vivo. The hepatic nuclear binding sites for the iodothyronines were first described in 1972. Comparing a number of observations made on the hepatic levels of these nuclear T3-binding sites with models of liver cell proliferation, a striking relationship is now beginning to emerge. It seems that in many hepatomitogenic systems the levels of these nuclear binding sites become markedly reduced preceding the onset of enhanced DNA replication and mitosis. The hepatomitogenic systems described which do not involve a lowering in the levels of these nuclear binding sites appear to be predicated on raising the circulating levels of the thyroid hormones per se. How these two seemingly anomalous events can both produce the same proliferative effect on liver cells is not entirely clear. Equally vague as yet are the discrete genetic consequences of these proliferative initiators which lead to hepatocyte hyperplasia. There is some evidence that this proliferative controlling effect on the thyroid hormones on hepatocytes may also extent, in part, to hepatoma cells.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1983

Reciprocal relationship between the levels of the hepatic nuclear binding sites for T3 and DNA replication in the liver of the rat: a possible unifying concept.

Administration of low levels of thyroid hormone (T3), subsequent to adrenalectomy, cause a pronounced proliferative response in rat liver, as judged by enhanced DNA replication. Adrenalectomy of the rat causes a reduction in the maximal nuclear binding capacity for T3 in the liver, similar to that produced by 70% hepatectomy of the rat, the former decrease lagging approximately 12 h after the latter. Similar kinetics are reported for the enhancement of hepatic nuclear DNA synthesis in these two groups of animals. Both of these effects in either group of surgically-treated animals are obviated by the injection of dexamethasone. Other reports are cited indicating that a reciprocal cause-and-effect relationship may exist between the lowering of the hepatic nuclear maximal binding capacity for T3 and subsequent enhanced hepatic DNA replication in a number of other rat model systems. It is suggested that enhanced hepatic cell proliferation in the rat may be effected by either raising the circulating levels of the thyroid hormones or by lowering the levels of the hepatic nuclear binding sites for these agents.

Adrenalectomy↗