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Biomedical subjects

J Simpson

Publications and source records attributed to J Simpson.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Sodium-dependent choline binding in rat hippocampal synaptosomes.

The binding of radiolabelled choline to lysed rat hippocampal synaptosomes was investigated. A portion of the binding sites was (a) detectable only when sodium ions were present, (b) sensitive to low concentrations of hemicholinium-3 (KD less than or equal to 70 nM), and (c) significantly reduced following electrolytic lesion of the septum. The similarity between this component of choline binding and the requirements of the sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake process suggests that these binding sites are related to the choline transport system.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Twenty years-Iowa muscle clinic: reminiscences and prospects.

The activities of the last twenty years of the Iowa clinic for neuromuscular diseases are briefly reviewed. Main emphasis in this paper is on management and guidance of the patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) by the families, the school and the public at large. Guidance and treatment given to our patients is briefly described. It is well known that chronic debilitating disease affects not only the patient but the whole family; management of DMD should therefore include the parents and siblings of the patient. Preventability of DMD is illustrated by the experiences in our clinic. The importance of early carrier detection and genetic counseling is stressed. Possible future developments in DMD research are briefly mentioned.

Family↗
PubMed1982

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: report from the Registry of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

Data have been collected from 34 centers in the United States and Europe performing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty since September 1977. The procedure was carried out in 631 patients, with an average age of 51 years (range 23 to 76), of whom 80 percent had single vessel coronary disease, 17 percent had double or triple vessel disease and 3 percent had stenosis of the left main coronary artery. Coronary angioplasty was successful (greater than 20 percent decrease of coronary stenosis) in 59 percent of the stenosed arteries. The mean degree of stenosis was reduced from 83 to 31 percent. Emergency coronary bypass operation was required in 40 patients (6 percent). Myocardial infarction occurred in 29 patients (4 percent). In-hospital death occurred in six patients (1 percent), three with single vessel and three with multivessel disease. Ninety-one patients have been followed up for at least 1 year after coronary angioplasty. Of the 65 patients with an initially successful angioplasty, 83 percent were in improved condition compared with their status before angioplasty. Thus, the initial satisfactory results obtained in a few centers have now been confirmed in many centers using transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The significance of nasal eosinophils and mast cells in children with nasal symptoms.

Nasal smears from children with symptoms of nasal obstruction and/or discharge were examined for the presence of eosinophils, mucus-containing cells and mast cells. The presence of more than one eosinophil or any mast cells was significantly associated with atopy as determined by immediate hypersensitivity on skin prick testing. Twelve children with markedly increased numbers of nasal smear mast cells are described. In these children symptoms frequently commenced in the first 6 months of life. Nasal eosinophilia was not noted in any of the cases. Nasal smear mastocytosis was associated with significant perennial symptoms and would be missed if nasal smears are examined only for eosinophilia.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Mutagenicity of oil-shale ash.

3 oil-shale ash samples were extracted with solvents and analyzed for mutagenicity with a number of tests systems. In Salmonella typhimurium, the ash extracts were highly mutagenic with the Ames his reversion and the ara-resistant systems. Mutation induction by the ash in Salmonella was independent of metabolic activation and was of the frameshift type. These ash extracts showed a substantial killing effect, but failed to induced ad-3 reversion in Neurospora crassa, gene conversion and mitotic crossing-over in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and TGr mutation in cultured CHO cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of heparin on plasma free fatty acid concentrations after acute myocardial infarction.

Free fatty acid concentrations in plasma measured after in vivo heparinisation are often overestimated because of ex vivo lipolysis of variable degrees. A new method has been developed using immediate extraction of blood which obviates this and shows that the true rise in plasma free fatty acid concentration after heparin in ambulant ward patients and in patients with acute myocardial infarction is less than previously reported. The small rise in plasma free fatty acid concentration after heparin is unlikely to have adverse metabolic effects in most patients during acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Choline uptake in patients with Alzheimer pre-senile dementia.

Serum and CSF choline levels were measured in 12 patients with pre-senile Alzheimer's disease before and 1 hour after administration of 1.5 g choline chloride or 25 g lecithin granules. Serum choline levels were increased threefold and CSF choline levels by 72%. CSF choline levels in the untreated Alzheimer patients did not differ significantly from age-matched controls. In 35 neurological controls, CSF choline levels increased with age (R = 0.64, p less than 0.001). Choline influx into erythrocytes from 10 male and 10 female Alzheimer patients did not differ significantly from 40 male and 43 female controls. Choline influx into erythrocytes was not related to age or sex, although the range of values was greater (p less than 0.05) in females than in males. Our results indicate that there is no impairment of choline transport into CSF or erythrocytes in patients with pre-senile Alzheimer's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The interaction of dithiothreitol and acetyl coenzyme A in a radiochemical assay for rat brain ATP:citrate oxaloacetate lyase.

[14C]Acetyl-CoA was found to react spontaneously with dithiothreitol to give a relatively apolar product which was readily extractable into a butanol-toluene scintillant. This technique was used in rapid, reproducible assay for rat brain ATP:citrate lyase using [1,5-14C]citrate as substrate. The tissue extract, a 14,000 g supernatant, exhibited a lyase activity of approximately 7 nmol acetyl-CoA produced/min per mg supernatant protein, and was inhibited greater than or equal to 79% by alpha-ketoglutaric acid (10 mM), Cu2+ (1 mM) and Zn2+ (1 mM). [14C]Oxaloacetate, [14C]malate and endogenous citrate synthase were found not to interfere significantly with lyase estimations, but NADH was required in the reaction mixture to inhibit acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity.

ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase↗
PubMed1980

Neurochemical observations in a case of Pick's disease.

Neurochemical markers of the activities of the cholinergic, gabaergic and dopaminergic systems were measured in post-mortem brain from a case of Pick's disease. No marked changes were found in the activities of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, L-glutamic acid decarboxylase and the concentration of dopamine. In areas of brain showing no histological changes, muscarinic receptor binding was within the normal range. In the cerebral cortex, which exhibited the neuropathological features of Pick's disease, the number of muscarinic cholinergic binding sites was much reduced, suggesting that the cortical neurones which are lost in Pick's disease are cholinoceptive.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1980

The Doppler assessment of varicoceles and internal spermatic vein reflux in infertile men.

The Doppler technique has been used to evaluate venous reflux in the spermatic cord. Valsalva-induced reflux occurred on the left side in 83% and on the right side in 59% of 118 patients without clinical varicoceles and there was no difference in incidence between fertile and infertile men. The significance of Valsalva-induced reflux should be questioned. Greater importance should be attributed to the spontaneous venous reflux that occurred during quiet respiration in the majority of patients with varicoceles. Seven velocity waveform patterns are described and these are thought to represent increasing degrees of internal spermatic vein reflux and provide a basis on which it is possible to grade varicoceles. The Doppler grades correlated with the size of the varicocele, and with the internal spermatic vein diameter and testosterone concentrations.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

A new treatment for congenital nystagmus.

Congenital nystagmus is a disorder of eye movement with an associated reduction in visual acuity. The latter is mainly due to the intensity of the nystagmus (amplitude times frequency) allowing the object of regard to spend only a short time on the fovea. Training patients by an auditory feedback technique to control the nystagmus enables visual sensitivity to improve. This method is compared with present alternatives, and further studies are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Urinary testosterone-17 beta-glucuronide as an indicator of androgen output in mice.

The androgenic status of female mice was assessed by measuring the concentration of testosterone-17 beta-glucuronide in serial samples of unextracted urine. The subcutaneous administration of testosterone (50 micrograms in lauric acid ethyl ester) resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.01) of the mean +/- s.d. concentration of urinary testosterone-17 beta-glucuronide (25.9 +/- 6.5 to 71.7 +/- 12.9 ng/ml) within 2 h. The 2-h values after the administration of 50 micrograms androstenedione or 50 micrograms dehydroepiandrosterone were 22.8 +/- 4.4 to 81.8 +/- 7.8 ng/ml (P < 0.001) and 23.4 +/- 2.7 to 121.8 +/- 20.3 ng/ml (P < 0.001) respectively. The values decreased progressively over the next 24 h. After the induction of superovulation with PMSG and hCG, the values for testosterone-17 beta-glucuronide increased significantly (P < 0.01) during the periovulatory period (5--24 h after hCG injection). The mean +/- s.d. value in pregnancy was higher (61.8 +/- 11.6 ng/ml; P < 0.001) than that in non-pregnant animals (30.7 +/- 12.3 ng/ml) and remained relatively constant between Days 1 and 16.

Androstenedione↗