PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Skjaeraasen

Publications and source records attributed to J Skjaeraasen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Osteoporosis drugs prescribed on blue forms!].

The National Insurance Administration, through the system of blue prescription forms, refunds part of the cost of drugs used to treat a number of chronic diseases. To obtain a refund, the indication for prescribing the drug must be included in the list of diagnoses which entitle a refund through the system. The list is a long one, and costs are refunded for prophylactic drugs (e.g. against hypertension and hypercholesterolemia), drugs to alleviate symptoms (e.g. for certain skin diseases and heart failure) and curative measures. The qualitative criteria for a refund, over and above the diagnosis, are not precisely defined, and doctors are free to choose the drug they prefer, regardless of price. The authors discuss whether the list of diagnoses should be extended to include osteoporosis, and recommend that doctors should be able to prescribe the relevant preventive and palliative drugs on a blue form. Many think that this refund system is a good initiative.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Social conditions of children born after artificial insemination by donor.

Few objective data are available concerning the social conditions of children born after artificial insemination by donor (AID). We have studied 341 consecutive AID children born of 261 women during a 13-year period. Data from hospital archives were compared with information from the National Register of Norway. The parameters studied included age-relations of parents and offspring, sex- and age-relations between siblings as well as the divorce rate in AID families. Median maternal age at birth of the first AID child was 30 years. Forty-three percent of AID children were born in families that already had children or that later obtained an additional child; the majority of these siblings were conceived by AID. Mean age difference between the closest related AID siblings was three years. Six of the 261 AID families were split by divorce during the study period. The results only reflect such information as can currently be obtained with maintenance of the promise of secrecy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Marital break-up among couples raising families by artificial insemination by donor.

The separation rate for Norwegian women who had given birth to children after artificial insemination by donor (AID, n = 227) was compared with the separation rate among all Norwegian women that met certain demographic criteria for equality (controls, n = 6,689). The criteria included identical year of maternal birth, similar age at marriage, and equally long period between marriage and birth of the first child. Mean duration of marriage at first delivery was 7.4 years, and mean age of the first child was 3.6 years at registration of the data. The incidence of marital break-up in the AID group was 1.8%, as compared with 3.0% to 3.7% in the control group. The difference is not significant (P approximately 0.15). The authors conclude that the separation rate in AID families does not differ significantly from the observed separation rate in a demographically matched population. The study highlights the importance of selecting a proper control group before statements of the magnitude of separations in AID families are made.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinicopathological study of germinal matrix hemorrhage, pontosubicular necrosis, and periventricular leukomalacia in stillborn.

The occurrence of germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH), pontosubicular necrosis (PSN), and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) was evaluated in 58 stillborn, among whom 23 (40%) showed one or more lesions. A comparative study of neuropathological findings and obstetrical histories in stillborn beyond 26 weeks of gestation showed a greater frequency of damage when the pregnancies had been complicated. The pathogenesis of PSN is disputed. As PSN was found in stillborn (13 cases), hyperoxia is not an essential pathogenetic factor. PSN may represent a form of anoxic encephalopathy. However, PSN was found as an isolated lesion in an infant of a diabetic mother and in most cases of intrauterine growth retardation; hypoglycemia may therefore be involved in the pathogenesis. Ultrasound examinations of living neonates have indicated the prenatal occurrence of GMH in some cases, and our study opens the possibility that there is intrauterine involvement of PVL and PSN as well. Consequently, cerebral lesions diagnosed in newborn may have occurred in utero.

Encephalomalacia↗
PubMed1988

Milk concentrations of flupenthixol, nortriptyline and zuclopenthixol and between-breast differences in two patients.

Flupenthixol (FP), nortriptyline (NT) and zuclopenthixol, (ZCP) were determined in breast milk and plasma from 2 puerperal, lactating women with psychiatric disorders. The milk concentrations were equal to, higher and lower than those in plasma for FP, NT and ZCP, respectively. Variation in milk triglyceride concentration, but not milk pH, could partly explain between-breast differences in the milk concentrations. The study demonstrates the need for appropriate and representative milk sampling procedures. The estimated daily infant exposure averaged 0.5, 2.3 and 0.3% of the corresponding maternal weight related doses of FP, NT and ZCP. FP was also detectable in infant plasma. These drugs are not known to be harmful in small doses to breast-fed infants. However, concern about the effect of dopamine blocking agents on neurobehavioral mechanisms in animals warrants caution. If neuroleptics are required for a long period this risk must be weighed against the benefits of breast-feeding, also considering the psychological effects of the latter.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Successful ultrasound-guided intravascular transfusion in severe fetal anemia without blood group incompability.

A 26-year-old patient with chronic acquired pure red cell aplasia had given birth to two infants, both of which died from fetal hydrops and anemia. In her third pregnancy the fetus was diagnosed as being hydropic and anemic in the 24th gestational week. No blood group incompability could be demonstrated. Because of the low gestational age and presence of fetal ascites, intraperitoneal fetal blood transfusion was considered to be without effect, and three fetal intravascular transfusions were therefore performed in the 24th, 26th and 28th gestational weeks. The infant born in the 30th week, is in good health with a normal blood picture, 6 months later. Hydrops and fetal anemia has never been described as a complication of pregnancy in a patient with pure red cell aplasia and it is the first time that intrauterine intravascular fetal transfusion has been used other than for rhesus indication.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Intra-uterine transfusions to the Rhesus-immunized fetus in the Department of Obstetrics, National Hospital, Oslo 1968-1979. The fetal prognosis by intra-uterine transfusions in relation to amniotic fluid blood pigment index.

During the years 1968-79, 115 intra-uterine transfusions (IUT) were performed in 71 severely Rh-immunized pregnant women at 26-32 weeks' gestational age. Thirty-five (approx. 50%) infants survived; 28 died in utero and 9 in the neonatal period. The selection of patients and technique is described. The amount of transfused blood in cord blood at birth is presented for the majority of liveborn infants. The study emphasizes that the outcome of IUT is entirely dependent on the degree of hemolysis at the time of the initial IUT. Among 30 patients with an amniotic fluid optical density difference at 450 m mu less than 0.3, a survival rate of 83% was registered compared with 36% and 0% in groups with values 0.3-0.6 and greater than 0.6, respectively.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy--management and results at Rikshospitalet, Oslo, 1970-1977.

During the years 1970-1977, 234 pregnant diabetics were treated in Oslo. A regimen of close metabolic and obstetric control was used. The total perinatal mortality was 4.3%, and 3.1% in 160 patients followed from before week 28. In 74% of patients mean blood glucose (determined 4 times daily) during the last 5-6 weeks of pregnancy was below 6 mmol/1 and in only one patient above 8 mmol/1. There was a low incidence of ketoacidosis (5 patients), pyelonephritis (3 patients), and severe preeclampsia (1 patient), although mild to moderate preeclampsia occurred in 28 patients. Preeclampsia was not associated with foetal loss. Macrosomia was rare. Respiratory distress occurred in 33 infants, in most cases light to moderate. Two foetal deaths were associated with respiratory distress. Progression of retinopathy was frequent, and appearance of or progression of proliferative changes occurred in 15 patients with retinopathy before pregnancy. Loss of visual acuity was rare, and reading vision was not lost by any patients. Induced vaginal delivery has been used in half the deliveries during the last years, whereas Caesarean section was preferred during the first years. Mean duration of pregnancy at delivery has been 260 days, 256 days during the first four years, and 262 days during the last four.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1979

Amniotic fluid phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. I. Normal pregnancies.

Phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) appear normally in the amniotic fluid during the last weeks of pregnancy. The present study indicated as have previous studies (5, 6, 8, 10) that these phospholipids are linked to the surfactant system in the fetal lung. The concentrations of lecithin (L), PI, PG and sphingomyelin (S) were measured in 207 samples from 165 normal pregnancies. The augmentation in PI was found to parallel that in lecithin, and the PI/S ratios reached maximum values at about 30 weeks of gestation. The augmentation in PG appeared about two weeks later. Eleven premature infants who contracted respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) had significantly lower PG concentrations than 15 premature infants with no RDS (p less than 0.01). No correlation to the PI concentrations could be observed. All but one of the 11 affected infants had low L/S ratios.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

Amniotic fluid phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. II. Diabetic and preeclamptic pregnancies.

139 samples of amniotic fluid from diabetic women collected during 34-39 weeks of pregnancy showed higher levels of lecithin, phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) indicating an accelerated surfactant synthesis as compared to that observed in normal pregnancies (13). In ten infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) delivered from diabetic mothers the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S), PI/S and PG/S ratios were generally low. Only four samples showed definitely immature L/S ratios, whereas the amniotic fluid content of PG in all samples was unmeasurable or low. In 56 samples of amniotic fluid collected during the third trimester from preeclamptic pregnancies PI/S and PG/S ratios after 36-37 weeks were comparable with those of normal pregnancies. In 11 neonates with subsequent RDS the L/S ratios were immature, and PG was critically low or lacking in the majority of the samples. No convincing association between the PI content and development of RDS could be observed in any of the groups.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

Amniotic fluid phospholipid concentrations in pregnancies with pre-eclampsia and/or intrauterine growth-retardation of the fetus.

Amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios were examined in 74 samples from 65 patients with preeclampsia. The median values were comparable to those obtained in a reference series up to 36 weeks of gestation whereas the median values after 37 weeks of gestation were found to be significantly smaller in the preeclamptic group (p less than 0.01). According to the present results a L/S ratio greater than or equal to 2 would in fact guarantee no development of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the infants of preeclamptic mothers. On the contrary L/S ratios less than or equal to 1.6 may be of limited predictive value in these women since only 1/3 of the children developed RDS. When preeclampsia was combined with intrauterine growth-retardation of the fetus, RDS was found to be less apt to develop. In 21 samples of amniotic fluid from 13 women with idiopathic intrauterine growth-retardation of the fetus the L/S ratios were significantly below those in the reference series (p less than 0.05). No case of RDS was observed.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of fetal maturity by amniotic fluid creatinine concentrations and lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio.

In a material of 144 samples of amniotic fluid from the last trimester, creatinine concentration, lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ration and their correlation, have been examined. Amniotic fluid creatinine concentration (a.f.c.) increased gradually through the last trimester up to 39 weeks (273-279 days p.m.) with median values of 2 mg/100 ml at 37 weeks and 2.5 mg/100 ml at 39 weeks gestation. The great range makes a.f.c. of doubtful value in assessment of gestional age in individual samples. The correlation between a.f.c. and L/S ratio was highly significant (Kendall's T=0.56). Even so lung maturity cannot be predicted from a.f.c. A low L/S ratio with a.f.c. larger than or equal to 2 mg/100 ml was found in 8-9%, while a.f.c. 1.1-1.9 mg/100 ml was combined with L/S ratios larger then or equal to 2 in a great number of cases. A.f.c. less than 1.1 mg/100 ml was invariably correlated with low L/S ratios.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

Phospholipid concentrations in amniotic fluid from diabetic pregnant women.

Amniotic fluid phospholipid concentrations measured in 104 samples from 65 diabetic patients have been related to gestational age, tevelopment of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). There is statistically significant evidence of accelerated surfactant production in White classes D, F, from 34 to 37 weeks gestation. Classes A, B, C, have phospholipid concentrations not significantly different from a reference series. RDS occurred in 26% and was frequently associated with mature phospholipid concentrations. There was a significant correlation between low Apgar scores and subsequent development of RDS.

Amniotic Fluid↗