Biomedical subjects

J Skotáková

Publications and source records attributed to J Skotáková.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Synovial sarcoma in child -- case report].

Soft tissue tumors occur rarely and account for 7 to 10% of all malignant neoplasms in children under 15 years of age. They constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from primitive mesenchymal tissue. According to their origin they are classified as rhabdomyosarcomas and non-rhabdomyosarcomas of soft tissues. Synovial sarcoma is a rare fibroblastic tumor of soft tissue. In children under 5 years it is found only exceptionally. This study reports on a synovial sarcoma localized on the right lower extremity in a boy aged 4 years and 5 months. Differential diagnosis, prognostic factors and the role of imaging methods are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2006

[Malignant tumors of long bones in children: differential diagnosis and the role of imaging methods].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to analyze primary malignant tumors and tumor-like lesions of long bones, in relation to their localization, characteristics and distribution in age groups, in children and young adults, and to assess the role of radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in their diagnosis. MATERIAL: Sixty-four patients, aged between 3 and 20 years, who were referred to us with the diagnosis of a suspected malignant long-bone tumor of osseous or cartilage origin in the period from 2000 to 2004 were included in the study. METHODS: Plain radiography and MRI were carried out on the same day. For MRI, the Magnetom Open Viva system (magnetic field strength of 0.2 T) was used and examination comprised a conventional STIR (corresponding to fat saturation) and a T-weighed sequence. Most patients also underwent post-contrast examination with paramagnetic contrast medium infusion. RESULTS: In 26 children (40.6 %) a primary malignant tumor of osseous or cartilage origin was diagnosed; one child (1.5 %) had a giant-cell tumor. The definitive diagnoses in 37 children (57.9 %) included osteomyelitis in 12, fatigue fracture in 11, posttraumatic myositis ossificans in three children, and miscellaneous diagnoses in the remaining 11 children (one, cartilaginous exostosis; three, unicameral bone cyst; two, non-ossifying fibroma; one, fibrous dysplasia; one, subperiosteal abscess; one, histiocytosis; one, foreign body; one, negative MRI findings). CONCLUSIONS: To confirm the diagnosis of a malignant long-bone tumor, high quality X-ray and MRI are essential; CT examination is recommended in specific indications. The results of imaging methods cannot be assessed without reference to each other. Primary malignant tumors of long bones usually involve a large soft-tissue mass, and an exclusively intraosseous localization is rare. Osteosarcoma often invades the epiphysis. In making the differential diagnosis of primary malignant bone tumors, special attention must be paid to differentiation from osteomyelitis or fatigue fractures. The majority of juvenile bone lesions of any origin are usually detected between 10 and 13 years of age. These pathologic lesions are most frequently localized in the distal or proximal transition zones between the diaphysis and metaphysis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Endoscopic investigations in children under 3 years of age at the clinic of paediatric surgery].

BACKGROUND: Retrospective study of gastroscopic investigations in children under 3 years of age. METHODS AND RESULTS: Since 1.1.2002 till 31.10.2004 we performed 119 endoscopic investigations in children of this age. 21 patients were excluded because of missed documentation. The average weight of our children was 11.8 kg. (min. 2.8, max 20 kg). In 55 cases suspicion for the oesophageal or gastric corrosion was the reason of investigations. in 24 cases swallowed alien bodies, in 10 patients we performed dilatation of oesophageal stenosis in repeated sessions in 1-6 moths periods. In 4 children we introduced percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), in 3 children ERCP was performed because of cystic dilatation of the bile duct. In I child the supposed hematemesis was the reason of gastroscopy (negative) and in one patient oesophageal varicula were assumed (negative). CONCLUSIONS: Oesophageal or gastric corrosions were assured in 12 cases (Grade 1.-2.:20.2%). 5 alien bodies couldn't be removed because of peristalsis, 1 object because of its dimensions (25% failures). Our dilations were performed in oesophageal stenosis with bougies or balloon dilator. 9 children were first operated for oesophageal atresia (Vogt IIIb), 1 child was after an operation for oesophageal corrosion with perforation.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2003

[Use of magnetic resonance in preoperative evaluation of urinary tract obstruction in children--initial results].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hitherto assembled experience with the application of magnetic resonance in the preoperative diagnosis of patients with obstruction of the upper urinary pathways. METHOD: Urography using magnetic resonance was performed in 22 children aged 1 month to 17 years with a sonographically assessed dilatation of the upper urinary pathways. The examinations were compared with concurrent excretory urography and formed part of a complex of preoperative examinations. RESULTS: In seven patients magnetic urography was evaluated as more accurate than excretory urography, in five instances excretory urography was more accurate, in the remaining children the results were comparable. CONCLUSION: The advantage of urography implemented by magnetic resonance is the short examination time, its non-invasive character, absence of ionizing radiation, impossible allergenization, and the examination does not depend on the functional fitness of the kidney. The results of examination are comparable with X-ray excretory urography.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Magnetic resonance urography as an indicator for surgical treatment of anomalies of the upper urinary tract].

AIMS: To compare the quality of MR of urography with intravenous urography, sonography and scintigraphy of urinary tract, presentation of MR urography as a possible substitution of so far used examinations in preoperation diagnostics of anomalies in upper urinary tract. METHODS: Static MR urography was used to examine 51 patients at the age of one month to 18 years with dilation of upper urinary tract detected by sonography. In 12 of them a dynamic MR study of the kidneys was also performed. Magnetic urography was compared with elimination urography, sonography and dynamic kidney scintigraphy. The detection rate was evaluated within the framework of the complex preoperation examinations for different stages of urinary tract in patients up to 2, 6, 12 and 18 years, respectively. RESULTS: In the total number of 36 kidneys, modified by hydronephrosis, magnetic urography was evaluated as more precise in 18 cases, elimination urography in eight and both examinations were considered equal in 10 cases. The imaging of megaureters by MR urography was more precise in 7 cases, elimination urography was at the same level six times and less precise in eight patients. The results differed in individual age categories. Sonography imaging of the kidney was good as well as for the lower portion of ureter but insufficient for the middle portion. The same course of excretion curves in dynamic excretion urography and dynamic scintigraphy of the kidney was reached in 6 patients. CONCLUSION: MR urography is capable to provide information on anatomy and function of the whole urinary tract in a single examination, being different from excretion urography by its ability of imaging and evaluating the hypofunctional part of the kidney. It represents a possibility to significantly reduce present examination which exerts a load upon the patient.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Treatment of redislocated fragments of long bones using plaster cast wedging].

The authors wish to remind of the advantages of an old conservative therapeutic method used in redislocated long bone fractures--cast wedging, Gipskeilung. This mode of treatment makes it possible to restore axial as well as planar dislocation and it is used in corrections of redislocated fractures of the leg and is applied during the last 3 years also in the treatment of fractures of the forearm in children. In 1997-2000 this procedure was used for treatment at the Clinic of Paediatric Surgery, Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 33 children aged 3-16 years, with a redislocated fracture of the leg, 21 children aged 3-16 years, mean age 9.8 years, and with a redislocated fracture of the forearm 12 children aged 5-15 years, mean age 10.2 years. In no instance this treatment failed or was associated with serious complications. According to experience with our group of patients a method is involved which in correct indications holds a justified place in treatment of fractures of the leg and forearm in traumatology of child an adolescent age.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

[Injuries of the cervical spine in children--2 case reports].

Helical CT of the spine was done for suspicion of injury in 22 children (from July 1999 to December 2000): cervical spine in 7 children (average age 12.1 years), thoracic spine in 10 children (average age 11.9 years), lumbar spine in 5 children (average age 14.6 years). MR examination were done in 23 children: cervical spine in 3 children (average age 7.5 years), thoracic spine in 16 children (average age 10.5 years), lumbar spine in 4 children (average age 13.3 years). (There were no differences between the distribution of boys and girls in thoracic spine injuries; in cervical and lumbar spine injuries girls predominate). 2 case reports are described.

Cervical Vertebrae↗

PubMed2001

[Use of central venous catheters in children with hematologic neoplasms from the viewpoint of the pediatric surgeon].

Venous access by cannulation of the central vein is a necessary prerequisite of the oncological treatment. Within the period 1998-2001 there 395 CVCs (Central Venous Catheters) were introduced using a subcutaneous tunnel in 335 hospitalised patients at the Clinic of the Child Surgery, Orthopaedics and Traumatology FN Brno. In 310 patients Hickman CVC was used and in 25 Groshong CVC. Using the vena subclavia 1. dx., 131 CVCs were introduced, via the vena subclavia 1. sin. 264 CVCs. The average period of CVCs introduction was 3 months. In 78 introduced CVCs infectious complication developed. A local infection was noticed only 8 times, general infection at 70 cases. In 13 patients CVCs had to be removed. The authors present their experience with the introduction of tunneled CVCs in oncological patients and the options for solving the infectious complications when using CVCs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Systemic enzyme therapy in the treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children].

The authors present their experience with enzyme therapy--the preparation Wobenzym--in comprehensive treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. On monitoring the condition of the extremity by Doppler ultrasound, where the flow through the radial artery was quantified they obtained better results in the group of patients treated by systemic enzyme therapy than in the control group. Systemic enzyme therapy is recommended as a suitable supplement in comprehensive treatment where the most important part is played by correct and early treatment along with precise monitoring of the extremity during the postoperative course.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1998

Selective treatment program for developmental dysplasia of the hip in an epidemiologic prospective study.

Over 1 year of ultrasound (US) mass screening, 4,568 newborns were examined consecutively at age 3-4 weeks using both clinical and ultrasonographic examination methods. The US examination involved both the static and dynamic scanning. In total, 25 babies were treated early (5.5 per 1,000), and 6 babies were given late treatment for postnatally developing acetabular dysplasia (1.3 per 1,000). Early treatment was instituted only for hips remarkably distorted anatomically, as could be seen from their shape on the static scan, and for those that were sonographically unstable with an apparent stress displacement. Clinical examination at age 3-4 weeks failed in more than half of all sonographically abnormal cases. In one case, the postnatal development of the hip joint was associated with the worsening of its formation and a developing subluxation despite its primary normal characteristics.

Czech Republic↗