Biomedical subjects

J Slivka

Publications and source records attributed to J Slivka.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1979

Complement and coagulation: causative considerations in contrast catastrophies.

Earlier studies suggest that adverse reactions to injected radiographic contrast media are idiosyncratic. In an attempt to gain a better understanding of pathophysiologic events underlying these reactions, rabbit models injected with lethal dose ranges of a cholangiographic contrast material were studied. These animals showed activation of both the complement and coagulation systems. Externally applied heat potentiated complement consumption and increased mortality. Depleting complement components C3-C9 by cobra venom factor did not prevent activation of coagulation or diminish mortality. However, depleting fibrinogen diminished complement activation and markedly diminished mortality. Heparin, administered at several hourly intervals after contrast challenge, also diminished mortality. These studies suggest that the adverse effects of contrast media in this model system are mediated chiefly by the coagulation system, and that complement, if it participates deleteriously, must involve components up to, but not including, C3. A logical role for the inhibitor of C1 esterase in adverse contrast reactions is considered.

Ancrod↗

PubMed1979

An improved radiographic view of the glenohumeral joint.

In addition to the standard views of the shoulder (external rotation, internal rotation, and axillary), a 40-degree posterior oblique and a 60-degree anterior oblique projection were used to evaluate 105 consecutive shoulder examinations. Of the 32 abnormal shoulders evaluated, the diagnosis was established 97% of the time with a single 40-degree posterior oblique view, as opposed to a 78% rate with the three standard views. The 40-degree posterior oblique view of the shoulder is especially useful in evaluating the glenohumeral joint.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Detection of porencephaly by cerebral dynamic scanning.

Routine cerebral dynamic scanning in two patients revealed unilateral focal areas of decreased radionuclide activity between the anterior and middle cerebral arteries; the subsequent brain scans were normal. Both patients were shown to have porencephaly by isotope cisternography and computed tomography (CT) scans. When a focal avascular area is noted on cerebral dynamic scanning in the presence of normal static images, the possibility of a porencephalic cyst should be considered.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Decreased 99mTc sulfur colloid activity in healed rib fractures.

This report describes 2 patients in whom focal areas of decreased 99mTc sulfur colloid marrow activity were associated with callus formation and healing rib fractures in one case and rib fractures with bony bridging in the second. Since bone marrow scans are occasionally used to select appropriate sites for marrow biopsy in patients with suspected metastatic disease, radiographic correlation of "cold" lesions on marrow scans is recommended prior to biopsy to exclude fracture with callus formation as a benign cause of the abnormality.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Extaarticular manifestations of septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint.

Five patients with septic arthritis involving the glenohumeral joint are described. Although initial plain films were normal in all six involved joints, abnormalities were frequent on subsequent examinations, including demineralization (five joints), joint space narrowing (three joints), superior subluxation of the humeral head (three joints), osseous erosion (two joints), and inferior subluxation of the humeral head (one joint). Arthrography was helpful in documenting intraarticular placement of the needle for aspiration, synovial abnormalities, and extraarticular extension of disease. Particularly noteworthy was the occurrence of rotator cuff tears in four of six shoulders, suggesting a possible relationship between joint infection and disruption of the rotator cuff.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint. Unique clinical and radiographic features and a favorable outcome.

Seven patients (eight shoulders) with sepsis of the glenohumeral joint were studied clinically and radiographically. Despite the advanced age of the patients, the presence of gram-negative organisms, and multiple risk factors in each patient (including serious chronic underlying diseases), needle drainage and parenteral antibiotics were all that were required for successful management, provided early diagnosis with prompt institution of antibiotics and drainage occurred. Contrast arthrography safely guided therapy and revealed rotator cuff tears in four of six shoulders as well as frequent extra-articular extensions of the disease. A nonleukemic patient with Aeromonas hydrophilia sepsis and arthritis is reported who survived with eradication of infection and preservation of joint function. A poor prognosis for shoulder sepsis is not substantiated.

Aeromonas↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of endotoxemia on contrast media reactions.

Since complement activation is sharply temperature-dependent, we have examined the effects of fever produced by a very small dose of endotoxin on contrast media lethality in rabbits. After the injection of 8.2 ml/kg of 52% methylglucamine iodipamide, a group of rabbits exhibiting an average temperature elevation of 1.5 degrees C had a 100% mortality rate. This was contrasted to a 30% mortality in control rabbits receiving contrast alone, and no mortality in rabbits receiving endotoxin alone. The rabbits with fever and increased mortality exhibited increased activation of serum complement. From this preliminary data it appears that caution should be observed in performing a contrast examination in a patient with endotoxemia and/or a fever.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical effects of a stannous fluoride mouthrinse on plaque.

The purpose of this 3-week, double-blind study was to determine the effect of a stannous fluoride-containing mouthrinse on existing and developing dental plaque. A total of 55 subjects (mean age = 31.42 yrs.) received a professional prophylaxis in randomly assigned contralateral quadrants and were then stratified into two balanced groups based on screening plaque scores: one group (27 subjects) used the placebo rinse, the second group (28 subjects) used the test mouthrinse (0.63% diluted to 0.1% stannous fluoride). Plaque index (PI) and stain index (SI) were scored at baseline, week 1 and week 3. Gingival inflammation (GI) was monitored as a measure of product irritancy potential. The PI for the stannous fluoride rinse was significantly lower than the placebo, (p < 0.0001), for both prophied and unprophied sites with an average reduction of 29% at week 1 and 28% at week 3. There was no statistically significant difference between the presence or absence of prophylaxis. Plaque indexes for both stannous fluoride and placebo showed significant reduction (p < 0.0001) compared to baseline in all sites. Differences in staining potential between stannous fluoride and placebo were not significant (p > 0.05) at any time during the study. The stain index for both stannous fluoride and placebo showed a non-significant increase from baseline in the prophied and unprophied sites. No irritancy was noted, although a trend towards lower GI scores was observed at 3 weeks for the stannous fluoride group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗