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Biomedical subjects

J Soja

Publications and source records attributed to J Soja.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Cytoimmunologic changes in material obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in asymptomatic individuals chronically exposed to silica dust].

The aim of this study was to determine and to evaluate silica induced lung cell reactivity--if any--in bronchoalveolar space, before clinical changes develop. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was carried out in 15 nonsmoking individuals with chronic professional silica exposure, free of lung signs and symptoms. Controls were healthy nonsmokers. Routine BAL cytology (HE, MGG) was completed by mast cell staining (toluidine blue). BAL lymphocyte subsets were phenotyped by direct two- and three-color immunofluorescence (applied DAKO A/S monoclonal antibodies: anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11b, CD14, CD15, CD16 + 56, CD19, CD25, CD45, HLA-DR). Parallel staining was performed in peripheral blood. In individuals with chronic silica exposure we found: significant increase in alveolar macrophage (362 +/- 45 vs 160 +/- 33 x 10(3) cells/ml, p < 0.05), lymphocyte (61 +/- 9 vs 24 +/- 5 x 10(3) cells/ml, p < 0.05) and BAL total cell (415 +/- 76 vs 187 +/- 34 x 10(3) cells/ml, p < 0.05) numbers; significant increase in mast cell (0.4 +/- 0.1 vs 0.2 +/- 0.1, p < 0.05), NK cell (7.0 +/- 1.8 vs 3.6 +/- 1.0, p < 0.05) and Th early activated lymphocyte percent (CD4 + CD25+ calculated as percentage of CD4+ cells: 15.1 +/- 1.5 vs 7.8 +/- 1.6, p < 0.01). All results were presented as median +/- SEM. Bronchoalveolar space of people with chronic silica exposure usually shows pathological reaction (especially macrophagic alveolitis), although they are free of manifested pulmonary disease. Th early activated lymphocytes, NK cells and mast cells seem to play important role in the early interstitial lung tissue reaction to silica.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Principles of optimal preparation of material from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)for cytoimmunologic examinations in interstitial lung diseases ].

In this paper we considered the value of correctly performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases and in assessment of the activity of pathological process. We indicated the conditions of exact interpretation of the results of BAL cytoimmunological examination, i.e. fine standard handling of BAL material, including its collection, elaboration and choice of lavage site, as well as regarding external (e.g. cigarette smoking) and internal additional factors. We described the influence of BAL fluid recovery and of the method of staining on obtained results. We emphasized routinely performed BAL to be the valuable diagnostic and research tool in pulmonology however, the method may have limited usefulness and unnecessarily burden the patient, if technical guidelines are not observed.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage↗
PubMed1998

Overexpression of leukotriene C4 synthase in bronchial biopsies from patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma.

Aspirin causes bronchoconstriction in aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) patients by triggering cysteinyl-leukotriene (cys-LT) production, probably by removing PGE2-dependent inhibition. To investigate why aspirin does not cause bronchoconstriction in all individuals, we immunostained enzymes of the leukotriene and prostanoid pathways in bronchial biopsies from AIA patients, aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) patients, and normal (N) subjects. Counts of cells expressing the terminal enzyme for cys-LT synthesis, LTC4 synthase, were fivefold higher in AIA biopsies (11.5+/-2.2 cells/mm2, n = 10) than in ATA biopsies (2.2+/-0.7, n = 10; P = 0. 0006) and 18-fold higher than in N biopsies (0.6+/-0.4, n = 9; P = 0. 0002). Immunostaining for 5-lipoxygenase, its activating protein (FLAP), LTA4 hydrolase, cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, and COX-2 did not differ. Enhanced baseline cys-LT levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of AIA patients correlated uniquely with bronchial counts of LTC4 synthase+ cells (rho = 0.83, P = 0.01). Lysine-aspirin challenge released additional cys-LTs into BAL fluid in AIA patients (200+/-120 pg/ml, n = 8) but not in ATA patients (0. 7+/-5.1, n = 5; P = 0.007). Bronchial responsiveness to lysine-aspirin correlated exclusively with LTC4 synthase+ cell counts (rho = -0.63, P = 0.049, n = 10). Aspirin may remove PGE2-dependent suppression in all subjects, but only in AIA patients does increased bronchial expression of LTC4 synthase allow marked overproduction of cys-LTs leading to bronchoconstriction.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1996

Bronchial aspirin challenge causes specific eicosanoid response in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics.

We have shown that inhalation of lysine aspirin enhances leukotriene production in the lungs of patients with aspirin-induced asthma (AIA). To assess the specificity of this reaction, we compared two well-matched groups of patients: eleven with AIA versus 14 asthmatics tolerant to aspirin (ATA). All subjects underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with saline followed immediately by instillation of 10 mg of lysine aspirin, into a right middle lobe segmental bronchus, which was lavaged 15 min later. At baseline the two groups did not differ with respect to BAL fluid concentrations of cyclooxygenase products, peptido-leukotrienes, histamine, tryptase, interleukin-5 (IL-5), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), or eosinophil number. Fifteen minutes after aspirin instillation, there was a statistically significant rise in peptido-leukotrienes, IL-5, and eosinophil number in AIA, but not in ATA, but not in ATA patients. In the former, but not in the latter group, mean histamine concentrations rose in response to aspirin, approaching the level of statistical significance. Tryptase and ECP levels showed no significant change. Aspirin significantly depressed PGE2 and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in both groups, however PGD2, PGF2 alpha, and 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2 decreased only in ATA patients. A characteristic disturbance in eicosanoid balance, produced by aspirin in patients intolerant to this drug, might explain precipitation of asthma attacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of steroid-dependent bronchial asthma with cyclosporin.

The treatment of chronic severe asthma is unsatisfactory for many patients. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of treatment of steroid-dependent asthma with cyclosporin. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel group trial on the effect of cyclosporin on pulmonary function, asthma severity and tapering of prednisone in 34 steroid-dependent asthmatics (mean oral prednisone dose: 16 mg.day-1). The study consisted of: 1) baseline period (12 weeks); 2) experimental period divided into two parts: Part I (12 weeks) cyclosporin or placebo treatment; Part II (22 weeks) cyclosporin or placebo treatment and oral prednisone reduction; and 3) follow-up observation (8 weeks). Asthma symptoms score, pulmonary function tests (daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) and bi-weekly forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MEF50), biochemical profile and blood cyclosporin levels were monitored throughout the study. Following cyclosporin administration, a slight beneficial effect on some subjective parameters of asthma severity was observed. At the same time, no beneficial effect on pulmonary function was noted. The time trends analysis of mean daily prednisone doses between the treatment groups revealed a statistically significant difference indicating that, during prednisone reduction, cyclosporin seemed to be slightly more efficient than placebo in reducing the requirement for systemic corticosteroid, even though the steroid reduction was accompanied by slight impairment of some pulmonary function. However, there was no significant difference in the final dose reduction between the treatment groups. These data and the known toxicity of the drug suggest a limited place for cyclosporin treatment in steroid-dependent bronchial asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Eicosanoids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of aspirin-intolerant patients with asthma after aspirin challenge.

We have recently shown that oral aspirin provocation leads to an increase in LTE4 and a reduction in 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels in urine of patients with aspirin induced-asthma (AIA). To test the hypothesis that cyclooxygenase inhibition and an enhancement of cysteinyl-leukotriene production occurs in the lungs of patients with AIA, we examined the eicosanoid levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained 30 min after lysine-aspirin or placebo inhalation in 10 patients with AIA. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels were determined to evaluate eosinophil activation. Six asthmatics nonsensitive to aspirin (NA) underwent challenge with placebo. The dose of lysine-aspirin inhaled by patients with AIA was equal to that which had produced > or = 20% fall in FEV1. Compared with NA, patients with AIA had: (1) eicosanoid levels, particularly PGE2 and TXB2, elevated and (2) higher number of eosinophils and ECP. The overproduction of eicosanoids could be related to a distinct eosinophilic inflammation in airways of patients with AIA. Inhalation of lysine-aspirin had no effects on 12-HETE and 15-HETE levels, but it markedly depressed cyclooxygenase products and significantly enhanced leukotriene production in the lungs of patients with AIA.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of respiratory tract infections with pefloxacin].

Pefloxacin, a 4-quinolone derivative, was administered in the dose of 800-1200 mg for the mean of 12 days to 24 patients with respiratory tract infection complicating chronic bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease. Patients with positive sputum culture and bacteria sensitive to pefloxacin were included in the study. Total eradication of the offending microorganisms was achieved in 54% of patients, and partial--in the next 20%. A poor efficacy of pefloxacin against Streptococcus species has been confirmed. In a few cases we have observed the development of resistance of isolated bacteria to pefloxacin during the course of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Salicylate pre-treatment attenuates intensity of bronchial and nasal symptoms precipitated by aspirin in aspirin-intolerant patients.

Aspirin (ASA) and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, precipitate asthmatic attacks in ASA-intolerant patients, while sodium salicylate, hardly active on COX by itself, is well tolerated by these patients. However, salicylate moiety appears to interfere with aspirin inhibitory action on platelets and vascular COX. Such interaction, if present at the level of respiratory tract, may be of interest to pathogenesis of ASA-induced asthma. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over study on the effect of choline magnesium trisalicylate (CMT, trilisate) pre-treatment on ASA-induced adverse reactions in nine patients. Pulmonary function tests, nasal symptoms score, PNIF and serum salicylate levels were monitored following challenges with threshold doses of ASA. Trilisate administered at a dose of 3000 mg daily for 3 days, offered a moderate protection against ASA-induced symptoms; it diminished the severity and/or delayed the appearance of FEV1 fall. Maximal decreases in FEV1 as well as reaction intensity indexes were significantly lower (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.002, respectively) after trilisate pre-treatment as compared to placebo. Trilisate also attenuated nasal symptoms in three out of five patients. Although the precise mechanism of the protective action of trilisate is unknown, our data support the possibility of interaction between salicylate and ASA on cyclo-oxygenase locus in the respiratory tract in ASA-intolerant patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Activity of certain salivary enzymes in school children exposed to excessive concentrations of lead and cadmium].

The purpose of the study was assessment of the effect of an environment contaminated with heavy metals on the activity of certain enzymes of mixed saliva. The activity was determined of total acid phosphatase and phosphatase resistant to tartrate and formaldehyde, alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, and alpha-amylase. The studied material comprised 110 saliva samples obtained from three groups of children aged 8 years. Group I of 21 children lived in Szopienice, group II of 30 children lived in Miasteczko Slaskie. In both these localities the children were exposed to mean daily concentrations, above the permitted ones, mainly of lead compounds, in lower degree to cadmium and zinc compounds. Environment contamination in Szopienice was greater than in Miasteczko Slaskie. Group III of 59 children living in Lubowice served as controls. In that town the permissible concentrations of these compounds were not exceeded. Statistical analysis of these results showed that the activity of total acid phosphatase in groups I and II, that is in the contaminated areas, was highly significantly greater than in the control group. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was raised only in the saliva in group I. No differences were found in the activity of alpha-amylase and aminotransferases.

Acid Phosphatase↗