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Biomedical subjects

J Sokol

Publications and source records attributed to J Sokol.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Determination of tetracycline antibiotics in animal tissues of food-producing animals by high-performance liquid chromatography using solid-phase extraction.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) residues in bovine and porcine muscles. The method involved the homogenization of the sample in EDTA-McIlvaine buffer with added n-hexane and dichloromethane, centrifugation, precipitation of the supernatant using trichloroacetic acid and filtration. Preconcentration on Separcol SI C18 cartridges improved the clean-up and the recovery of tetracyclines that were separated by HPLC using the optimized mobile phase of 0.01 M oxalic acid-acetonitrile-methanol (45:35:20) on a Spherisorb ODS 2 column (250 x 4 mm I.D.). UV detection at 360 nm was applied with a detection limit of about 50 ng/g. The diode-array spectra confirmed the applicability of this method to the study of tetracycline residues in carcasses.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Study of the efficacy of sewage treatment systems for fluid waste on pig farms in Slovakia].

Bacteriological, helminthological and physico-chemical examinations were carried out to investigate the technological procedure in three water treatment plants treating slurry from large-capacity pig farms (Kosická Polianka, Spisské Vlachy, Vel'ký Dur). Our investigations were focused on the testing of effectiveness of mechanical, chemical and biological treatment system most frequently used in Slovakia. Our investigations revealed that water-treatment plants, operating on pig farms, fulfil only the supplies management requirements concerning the treated water, discharged into the recipient. From the hygienic viewpoint further processing or utilization of the solid fraction remains unsolved. This fraction contains considerable concentrations of bacteria and parasitic germs (Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Isospora sp., Eimeria sp.) most of which exhibit high tenacity in the environment. It is recommended to process this solid fraction by composting before it is applied as a manure. However, the measured values did not exceed the reference hygienic limits. The technological stage of chemical treatment, which follows after the separation and utilizes some coagulants (aluminium sulphate, ferrous sulphate), can increase the chemical load of water stripped of crude organic pollutants, by some undesirable chemical elements.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of acid-base disorders in dairy cows using principal component analysis and empiric equations.

Acid-base disorders were studied in two groups of dairy cows. According to conventional interpretation in the 1st group of dairy cows (n = 10) the results of the acid-base parameters indicated respiratory alkalosis and in the 2nd group (n = 10) metabolic acidosis. The data of the two groups were examined using principal component analysis. So called "reduced variables"--principal components for each animal were calculated. Each experimental animal was projected in the coordinates of 3 principal components K1, K2 and K3. The components K1, K2 and K3 comprised a 90% data variability. The importance of variables for a dividing of groups (1 and 2) was quantified. The most important were pCO2, (HCO3)' and BE. It was proved according to mathematico-empiric equations that dairy cows of 1st group suffered from acute respiratory alkalosis. In the 2nd group of dairy cows the combined acid-base disorder was confirmed using the equations for metabolic acidosis and chronic respiratory acidosis. The use of PCA method and empiric equations for acid-base imbalances shows the possibilities for gaining new knowledge how to make the diagnostic process more exact.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of bentazone manufactured in Czechoslovakia on the synthesis of bacterial proteins in the rumen of sheep].

The effect of the perorally ingested pesticide bentazone (195 mg.kg-1) of Czechoslovak origin on the amino acid composition of proteins of bacteria adhering to the ventral and dorsal ruminal wall investigated in six sheep. Proteosynthesis of adherent bacteria was studied by a modified and quantified elution method (elution of bacteria by an isotonic buffered solution at 4 degrees C). By the latter, a concentrate of undamaged bacteria a adhering to the sheep ruminal epithelium could be obtained. The yield of the method was estimated by scanning electrone microscopy and it was 93.3% (Legáth et al., 1990). The high correlation coefficient (r = 0.94, p < 0.01) suggested that in comparison with the control group of sheep, bentazone in the diet did not have a marked effect on the amount of amino acids in hydrolyzates of bacteria adhering to the dorsal and ventral ruminal epithelium. From the analysis of the single amino acids, it however follows that bentazone in the feeding ration caused significant changes in the concentrations of some amino acids in the proteins of bacteria adhering to the epithelium in the ventral and dorsal part of the rumen (p < 0.05) (Tab. I, II). In both topographico-anatomical parts of the rumen phenylalanine levels significantly increased whereas those of alanine and glycine decreased (Fig. 1). Pesticides can be one of the factors that negatively affect the biosynthetic processes in the rumen of ruminants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

[Residual chlorinated hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in milk and milk products].

In the years 1987 to 1988 the residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons (HCB, alpha HCH, gamma HCH, DDE + DDT sum and PCB) were detected in more than 5000 thousand samples of milk and milk products (butter, cream, sheep milk cheese, cheeses). The recorded values of HCB ranged from 0 to 0.90 mg per kg fat, those of alpha HCH from 0 to 0.66 mg per kg, gamma HCH from 0 to 1.66 mg per kg fat, DDT sum from 0 to 1.03 mg per kg fat and PCB from 0 to 4.03 mg per kg fat--the 1988 value. The average values concerning the residues of chlorinated pesticides did not show any increase in comparison with the values recorded in 1980 to 1984. The average recorded values for PCB residues ranged in 1988 from 0.04 to 0.24 mg per kg fat.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Interrelation between profile test indicators in the decreased milk acidity syndrome in cows].

The internal environment of high-yielding dairy cows was investigated in relation to 36 variables of the blood metabolic profile, blood serum, milk and urine, with the incidence of reduced titration acidity milk syndrome. The levels of variables were confronted with references values. At the same time the statistical significance of differences of arithmetical means from the reference mean was calculated. Correlation analysis of all variables yielded 630 correlation coefficients. Certain correlations were represented in form of correlogrammes. It has been demonstrated that the reduced titration acidity milk syndrome with the lowest values of 1.9 ml 0.25N NaOH per 100 ml occurred after administration of the feed ration deficient both in digestible crude protein and starch units (nutritive ratio 1:7.5) which contained unsafe grass haylage with a high content of ammonia (232.9 mg per 100 g). A highly significant negative correlation was proved to exist between lactose concentration and pH value of milk (r = -0.913); the regression equation (lactose) is 36.997--4.7536 (pH).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Type C Niemann-Pick disease: dimethyl sulfoxide moderates abnormal LDL-cholesterol processing in mutant fibroblasts.

Biochemical and cytochemical studies have revealed that abnormal processing of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol can be reversed in mutant Niemann-Pick C (NP-C) fibroblasts when 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is added to the culture medium. Both the excessive lysosomal accumulation of LDL cholesterol and the delayed induction of cellular homeostatic responses associated with the uptake of LDL by the mutant cells were substantially reversed by DMSO. DMSO appears to accelerate the intracellular mobilization of LDL-derived cholesterol through effects that may reflect enhanced membrane permeability or cholesterol solubilization.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1989

Carbamazepine in Fabry's disease: effective analgesia with dose-dependent exacerbation of autonomic dysfunction.

Seven patients with Fabry's disease and severe pain received carbamazepine (CMZ). Five of 7 patients had moderate to complete relief based upon self-assessment of pain levels. Preexisting autonomic dysfunction was exacerbated by CMZ in 2. Complications encountered were ileus, urinary retention, and gastrointestinal disturbance. Although CMZ was useful in treatment of pain, caution should be employed in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Clinical spectrum of Niemann-Pick disease type C.

Analysis of the neurologic symptomatology in 22 patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C revealed 3 phenotypes: (1) an early-onset, rapidly progressive form associated with severe hepatic dysfunction and psychomotor delay during infancy and later with supranuclear vertical gaze paresis, ataxia, marked spasticity, and dementia; (2) a delayed-onset, slowly progressive form heralded by the appearance, usually in early childhood, of mild intellectual impairment, supranuclear vertical gaze paresis, and ataxia, and later associated with dementia and, variably, seizures and extrapyramidal deficits; (3) a late-onset slowly progressive form distinguished from the 2nd pattern by later age of onset (adolescence or adulthood) and a much slower rate of progression. The existence of the 1st and 2nd phenotypes within the same sibship suggests that they are variant expressions of the same clinicopathologic disorder. Niemann-Pick disease type C should be considered not only in infants and children who present with organomegaly and a progressive neurodegenerative course, but also in adolescents and adults who have insidiously progressive neurologic dysfunction and only slight organomegaly. Associated with the disease is a marked deficiency in the ability of cultured fibroblasts to esterify exogenously supplied cholesterol. Assay of this deficiency is particularly useful for confirming the diagnosis in patients with atypical presentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Type C Niemann-Pick disease. Lysosomal accumulation and defective intracellular mobilization of low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

The intracellular accumulation of unesterified cholesterol was examined during 24 h of low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake in normal and Niemann-Pick C fibroblasts by fluorescence microscopy with filipin staining and immunocytochemistry. Perinuclear fluorescence derived from filipin-sterol complexes was observed in both normal and mutant cells by 2 h. This perinuclear cholesterol staining reached its peak in normal cells at 6 h. Subsequent development of fluorescence during the remaining 18 h of LDL incubation was primarily limited to the plasma membrane region of normal cells. In contrast, mutant cells developed a much more intense perinuclear fluorescence throughout the entire 24 h of LDL uptake with little enhancement of cholesterol fluorescence staining in the plasma membranes. Direct mass measurements confirmed that internalized LDL cholesterol more readily replenishes the plasma membrane cholesterol of normal than of mutant fibroblasts. Perinuclear filipin-cholesterol fluorescence of both normal and mutant cells was colocalized with lysosomes by indirect immunocytochemical staining of lysosomal membrane protein. Abnormal sequestration of LDL cholesterol in mutant cells within a metabolically latent pool is supported by the finding that in vitro esterification of cellular cholesterol could be stimulated in mutant but not in normal cell homogenates by extensive disruption of the intracellular membranous structures of cells previously cultured with LDL. Deficient translocation of exogenously derived cholesterol from lysosomes to other intracellular membrane sites may be responsible for the delayed homeostatic responses associated with LDL uptake by mutant Niemann-Pick Type C fibroblasts.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1988

Type-C Niemann-Pick disease: low density lipoprotein uptake is associated with premature cholesterol accumulation in the Golgi complex and excessive cholesterol storage in lysosomes.

Incubation of fibroblasts derived from patients with type-C Niemann-Pick disease with low density lipoprotein results in excessive intracellular accumulation of unesterified cholesterol. Cytochemical techniques revealed that this abnormal cholesterol accumulation is associated not only with a massive storage of cholesterol in lysosomes but also with a premature cholesterol enrichment of the Golgi complex. Cholesterol appeared also in the Golgi complex of some normal fibroblasts after 24 hr of low density lipoprotein loading. These findings indicate that components of the Golgi complex play a role in the intracellular translocation of exogenously derived cholesterol and that disruptions of the cholesterol transport pathway at the Golgi may, in part, be responsible for the deficiency in cholesterol utilization in type-C Niemann-Pick fibroblasts.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1987

Group C Niemann-Pick disease: faulty regulation of low-density lipoprotein uptake and cholesterol storage in cultured fibroblasts.

Incubation of mutant Niemann-Pick C fibroblasts with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) resulted in excessive internalization of lipoprotein and extensive cellular over-accumulation of unesterified cholesterol. The uptake of LDL by the mutant cells appeared to occur through the classic LDL receptor pathway and internalized lipoprotein was processed in lysosomes. Lipoprotein uptake into mutant cells was associated with delays in the initiation of established cellular cholesterol homeostatic responses. Subcellular fractionation of mutant Niemann-Pick C fibroblasts accumulating LDL-cholesterol showed excess unesterified sterol to be localized in the light lysosome-light membrane region of a Percoll gradient, and revealed that cholesterol storage was associated with a specific alteration in the normal profiles of lysosomal marker enzymes.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1987

[Use of the computer in the study of relations of indicators in the metabolic profiles of dairy cows].

Fifty dairy cows with metabolic alkalosis and forty-eight dairy cows of a control group were subjected to a metabolic profile test with 30 parameters. The results of analyses were confronted with reference values in histograms. We calculated mutual correlation coefficients for all parameters of dairy cows of the two groups. The correlations between selected pairs of parameters were represented diagrammatically in a form of correlograms. We demonstrated that the values of certain parameters being approximately identical, the correlations in group A of dairy cows (with alkalosis) varied in a different way from the correlations of the control group. It is seen from the results that the confrontation of the values of a parameter with reference values need not be in all cases a reliable criterion of evaluating the internal environment in dairy cows. We processed the metabolic profiles of the two groups by a multidimensional analysis of principal components. The dairy cows of the two groups clearly differentiated from one another according to the internal environment regarding the used parameters. We draw attention to a possibility of computerizing the diagnostic significance of the metabolic profile parameters.

Alkalosis↗
PubMed1984

[Analysis of factors affecting the electric conductivity of cow's milk--breed, locale, season].

The problem was studied in a set of 678 mammary glands of 212 cows - crossbreds between the Holstein-Friesian breed with the Slovak Spotted cattle, crossbreds of the Black-Pied Lowland and Bohemian Spotted breed, and three-way crossbreds of the Black-Pied Lowland, Swedish White and Bohemian Spotted cattle. The confrontation of the confidence intervals of milk conductivity (MC) in healthy mammary glands at alpha = 0.05 showed that in the crossbreds of the Black-Pied Lowland cattle the MC was statistically significantly higher than in the breed types of the Holstein-Friesian cattle. The MC values decrease when there is a larger proportion of the blood of beef-and-dairy cattle (Slovak Spotted and Bohemian Spotted breeds). The locality where the stock was kept was found to act as an important factor underlying MC only in cases when both the geographical conditions and breed proportions were different. In a set homogenized with respect to the breeds, statistically significant differences in MC were demonstrated between the spring and summer season, spring and autumn, summer and autumn, and autumn and winter season.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Sleep structure and nocturnal disordered breathing in familial dysautonomia.

In 13 patients with familial dysautonomia sleep recordings were obtained to investigate the possibility that autonomic nervous system dysfunction plays a role in disordered breathing during sleep. Sleep structure in some of our patients was abnormal, showing decreased amount of REM sleep and increased REM latencies. All patients showed breathing disorders in sleep. The average number of apneic spells was 73.4 per night; 77% of the patients had more than 50 apneic spells per night. Abnormal breathing patterns were not uniform and were independent of patient's primary complaints. Typically, even severe respiratory irregularities were not associated with the usual cardiac response, indicating that our patients had "cardiac dysautonomia".

Adolescent↗