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Biomedical subjects

J Somogyi

Publications and source records attributed to J Somogyi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Geographic patterns of oesophagus, stomach, colon and rectum cancer mortality in Slovakia.

The deaths caused by the mentioned four basic cancer sites of the gastrointestinal tract represented almost one third of all deaths from cancer in Slovakia during the decade 1968--1977. The age-adjusted rates and trends showed substantial increase of the mortality from colon cancer in both sexes as well as from rectum and oesophagus cancer in men and simultaneously significant decrease of stomach cancer in men and women together with quite unchanged rates of rectum and oesophagus cancer mortality in women during the investigated period. Study of the geographic distribution of standardised mortality rates of these cancer sites revealed the existence of great differences in the frame of the individual sites as well as the tendency of substitute the decreasing mortality rates of stomach cancer with those of colon and rectum especially in the western part of the country. The possible advantages and perspectives of the investigation of the geographic patterns of cancer mortality in adequately great territorial units in this country are discussed.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Geographic patterns and trends of liver, biliary tract and pancreas cancer mortality in Slovakia.

The age-adjusted mortality rates and trends of primary liver cancer in Slovakia showed during the investigated decade 1968-1977 small reduction in males, accompanied with statistically significant decline in females. The slightly increasing trends of mortality from the cancer of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts were not significant while the growing rates and upward trends of mortality from pancreatic malignant neoplasms were statistically significant for both sexes. Geographic distribution of standardized mortality rates from these cancer sites displayed various differences within the districts of Slovakia during the whole investigated period. The need for further descriptive and analytical studies of these less common cancer sites of the alimentary system using more detailed and classified data on incidence and mortality is stressed.

Biliary Tract Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Free postsynaptic sites in the lateral geniculate nucleus of adult cats following chronic decortication.

Following chronic decortication, free postsynaptic sites were found in the lateral geniculate nucleus of adult cat. Quantitative electron-microscopic analysis of the free postsynaptic sites revealed that they were not identical with the original, vacant postsynaptic sites, but were newly assembled formations. The ability of both relay cells and local interneurons of the adult lateral geniculate nucleus to assemble and/or maintain postsynaptic sites indicates that these nerve cells may be involved in the formation of new synapses.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1982

Presynaptic dendrites and perikarya in deafferented cerebellar cortex.

Two to 30 days after complete isolation of the cerebellar cortex of adult rats, small Golgi II type neurons in the granular layer develop presynaptic sites on their dendrites and perikarya. The newly developed presynaptic dendrites established dendrodendritic synaptic contacts with dendritic digits of granule cells. In addition, some granule cells were observed to develop presynaptic sites on their somata and dendritic digits, resulting in the formation of (sometimes reciprocal) dendrodendritic synapses between granule cells or between granule cells and Golgi neurons. The development of these unusual synaptic formations indicates a persisting synaptic plasticity of these two cerebellar cell types. It is suggested that this unorthodox synapse formation develops as part of a reactive compensatory process to synaptic desaturation brought about by the deafferentation of the cerebellum.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1982

The presence of intracellular crystal-shaped bodies in the adrenal cortex or full-term fetuses and newborns in rats.

The presence of crystal-shaped bodies was demonstrated in the adrenocortical cells of perinatal rats. On the basis of former histochemical evidence on similar structures, they are supposed to have contained cholesterol. The total cholesterol concentration in the adrenal was not elevated during this period. The presence of a great number of crystal-shaped bodies is supposed to be the sign of a transient change in cholesterol compartmentalisation.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1981

Formation of gamma-glutamyl-taurine in the rat brain.

After intraventricular administration on 14C- or 3H-labelled taurine, gamma-glutamyl-taurine was detected in the protein free extract of rat brain using a combination of ion exchange chromatography, electrophoretic separation and thin-layer chromatography. Under in vitro conditions gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2.) prepared from rat brain catalyses the formation of gamma-glutamyl-taurine from taurine and glutathione or gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide. The enzymes of the gamma-glutamyl cycle are presumed to be responsible for the in vivo metabolism of this dipeptide.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Trends in cancer mortality in Czechoslovakia 1949-1978.

The analysis of the trends of the principal causes of deaths in Czechoslovakia indicated leading second position of malignant neoplasms in the whole mortality over the period 1949 through 1978. The rapidly growing all sites cancer mortality trends in males together with their unimportant changes in females resulted in the steadily increasing overmortality of males. Among digestive organs important decrease of stomach and in lesser extent also of oesophageal cancers with simultaneously increasing mortality trends of malignant neoplasms of colon, pancreas and rectum in both sexes were observed. The trends in the cancer mortality of respiratory organs as well as the increasing rates of the whole male cancer mortality were strongly influenced with dramatical increase of lung cancers while these of larynx showed slow increase in males and decrease in females. The rapidly growing mortality trends showed also breast cancer, reaching at the end of the investigated period the first position in the whole female cancer mortality, while the increasing mortality from the malignant neoplasms of the different genital and urinary organs of females were less or more expressed. The relatively high average annual increase was characteristic for the mortality trends of the malignant neoplasms of bladder and other urinary organs and of prostate gland and testis in males. Among other sites the increasing mortality trends from malignant neoplasms of brain and leukemias were of interest.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1980

Effect of ouabain on macromolecular synthesis during the cell cycle in mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes.

Ouabain inhibited in a concentration-dependent and completely reversible way, the synthesis of DNA, RNa and protein in phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A-stimulated human lymphocytes without affecting the uptake of nucleosides and amino acids into the cells. On the other hand, ouabain even at very high concentrations was unable to interfere with the binding of [3H]concanavalin A. No correlation was found between the inhibition by ouabain of macromolecular synthesis and that of K+ transport. The inhibitor effect of ouabain on the stimulation of macromolecular synthesis could be partially reversed by higher concentrations of K+, due to the direct inhibition of ouabain binding. Ouabain added to the cultures at different stages of cell growth suppressed the incorporation of thymidine to various extents. Both ouabain sensitive stages fell in a period preceding the onset of mitosis and were characterized by very active thymidine incorporation. Lymphocytes were most sensitive to ouabain within the S phase. The results suggest that ouabain interferes with mitogen-triggered membrane-associated events, other than K+ transport, controlling mitosis at distinct phases of the cell cycle.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1980

Effect of noradrenaline and vanadium on Na+K+-activated ATPase in rat cerebral cortex synaptosomal preparation.

The effect of l-noradrenaline and vanadate on the activity of Na+K+-activated ATPase was studied on synaptosomal brain cortex preparation. Using neutron activation analysis it was found that the rat cerebral cortex synaptosomal preparation contains 0.16 microM vanadium. The concentration of vanadium needed to reduce enzyme activity by 50% proved to be 2 x 10(-6) M. Evidence has been provided that the increase by noradrenaline of enzyme activity in synaptosomal preparation depends on the presence of an inhibitory contaminant in commercial ATP preparations. In homogenate, however, noradrenaline was able to enhance enzyme activity even when vanadium-free ATP was used. This fact indicates that noradrenaline removes the inhibitory effect of cytoplasmic factor thereby stimulating enzyme activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Exit routes for secretory proteins from the dog pancreas.

UNLABELLED: The relative importance of the pancreatic venous and lymphatic routes for the transport of enzymes away from the pancreas was investigated. The activities of lipase and amylase were compared in arterial plasma, pancreaticoduodenal lymph and venous plasma, pancreatic interstitial fluid and juice in 31 anaesthetized dogs. Enzyme activities were determined before, during and after stimulation of the acinar parenchyma by 4 U/kg b.w. secretin + CCK-PZ for 60 min. During stimulation either is the juice secreted into the duodenum or we ligated the main pancreatic duct. Enzyme output was calculated as the volume x enzyme activity. Initial activities of both enzymes were higher in lymph than in plasma samples. Pancreatic stimulation raised the level of both enzymes in plasma. Stimulation raised lymph lipase activity higher than in plasma, even without duct ligation. Duct ligation increased enzyme activities to considerably higher values in oedema fluid than in lymph. When enzyme output in the stimulated juice for 60 min was considered 100%, output in plasma volume (5% of b.w.) was about 15% both for lipase and for amylase during stimulated secretion, 25--30% for both enzymes when duct had been ligated. Lymphatic enzyme output was found negligible. CONCLUSIONS: during pancreatic stimulation biologically important amounts of secretory proteins enter the blood circulation. The lymphatic transport is negligible, since pancreatic lymph flow is several hundred times less than blood flow.

Amylases↗
PubMed1980

Zonal differences in the distribution and morphology of lipid droplets using 4-amino-pyrazolo-(3,4 d) pyrimidine to lower cholesterol level in the rat adrenal.

The effect of reduced blood and adrenal cholesterol levels on adrenocortical lipid droplets have been examined by treating adult rats with 4-amino-pyrazolo-(3,4 d) pyrimidine (4-APP), a drug that inhibits hepatic secretion of lipoproteins. Lowering the blood cholesterol level and the cholesterol content of the adrenals was associated with a marked reduction in the lipid droplets and with a simultaneous increase in their electron density in the inner cortical zones. In the zona glomerulosa cells, no perceptible differences were found in the quantity and morphology of lipid droplets. These data suggest that reduced blood and adrenal cholesterol levels do not affect lipids located in the zona glomerulosa and in the inner cortical zones in the same way, probably due to differences in their intracellular lipid dynamism. Noteworthy, that in spite of the marked lipid depletion, the adrenal glands retained their responsiveness to ACTH stimulation.

Adenine↗
PubMed1980

[Structure of adrenal glands removed for hyperandrogenism and their hormone production in tissue culture].

Authors studied the surgically removed adrenals of a 16 year old girl with hyperandrogenism in tissue culture. The majority of cells in the initial culture was similar to the cells of the normal human adrenal. In the 6 weeks tissue culture the morphology of the cells has shown an alteration. The majority of them contained a small number of lipid droplets, abundant quantity of lysosomes and autophage vacuole. At this period in the media the progesterone level appeared to be elevated. Two months later in the tissue culture numerous transformed cells could be seen and the progesterone level of the media was low. It is believed that alteration of the biosynthesis of progesterone may have a role in the increased production of testosterone and in virilization.

Adolescent↗