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Biomedical subjects

J Spranger

Publications and source records attributed to J Spranger.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Disease, syndrome, sequence].

A brief review is given of the historical and modern use of the terms "disease," "syndrome," and "symptom complex." In the old use, notably the Greek school of empirics, phenotype and disease were thought to be almost synonymous; then Thomas Sydenham added etiology and pathogenesis as defining criteria. Today the terms "disease," "syndrome," and "symptom complex" are used to signal varying degrees of medical knowledge and thus direct medical activity. In accordance with modern trends, a "disease" is understood as an etiologically und pathogenetically defined entity, a "syndrome" as an etiologically defined entity of unknown pathogenesis, and a "sequence" as an etiologically heterogeneous but pathogenetically defined disorder. None of these terms should be used for "symptom complexes," i.e., for causally undefined or heterogeneous phenotypes.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Schmid type. Clinical and radiographic delineation with a review of the literature.

Analysis of 20 cases of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Schmid type as well as a review of the world literature reveals a specific autosomal dominant disorder that was often over-diagnosed in the past, sometimes resulting in incorrect genetic counselling. Significant radiologic features include an enlarged capital femoral epiphysis in early childhood, coxa vara, greater involvement of the distal femoral metaphysis than the proximal, anterior rib changes and a normal spine. Chondroosseous morphology is not specific. Presentation in nonfamilial cases is no earlier than the second year of life.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Newly synthesized proteoglycans in pseudoachondroplasia.

In an attempt to elucidate the biochemical defect in pseudoachondroplasia, proteoglycan metabolism was investigated in cartilage from a patient with the dominant form of this condition. Iliac-crest cartilage was radioactively labeled with 35S-sulfate and the newly synthesized proteoglycans examined for their hydrodynamic size and glycosaminoglycan composition. The banding pattern of the purified proteoglycans was analyzed by gel-electrophoresis using large pore polyacrylamide-agarose. We found a normal chain-length of glycosaminoglycans and a normal ratio of chondroitin-6-sulfate to chondroitin-4-sulfate. The proteoglycans were not enriched in keratan sulfate. Gel electrophoretic analysis of the proteoglycans disclosed a banding pattern comparable to that of two normal controls. In contrast to the findings of other authors no differences between the proteoglycans of pseudoachondroplastic and normal cartilage were detected.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1988

Bone dysplasia 'families'.

Bone dysplasia families are recognized by distinct patterns of radiographic changes. These patterns are understood as manifestations of distinct pathogenetic processes. The concept is evident in dysostosis multiplex and in osteogenesis imperfecta and is hypothetical in other families. The concept may aid in the diagnostic classification and pathogenetic elucidation of individual bone dysplasias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Morquio's disease type B (beta-galactosidase deficiency) in three siblings.

The clinical and biochemical findings in 3 siblings with Morquio's disease type B (mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IV B) are presented. Their phenotype is characterised by short trunk dwarfism with kyphoscoliosis and thoracic deformity. Radiographic findings include general platyspondyly, dysplasia of the pelvis and epiphyseal abnormalities. The patients are of normal intelligence. In the urine of all 3 affected children abnormal oligosaccharide excretion was found by thin-layer chromatography and in 1 of them keratosulphaturia was detected. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed biochemically by demonstration of a profound deficiency of beta-galactosidase activity in cultured fibroblasts. The clinical picture is compared with that of other cases in the literature and the possible molecular basis of the different phenotypes of beta-galactosidase deficiency (variants of monosialo-ganglioside-1 (GM1)-gangliosidosis, Morquio's disease type B) is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Further delineation of the 3-M syndrome with review of the literature.

The 3-M syndrome is a clinically recognizable disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation and a spectrum of consistent minor anomalies. Intelligence seems normal. Inheritance is probably autosomal recessive, with possible expression of the mutant gene in the heterozygote. Three sibs with the 3-M syndrome are reported, together with an extensive review of the pertinent literature.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed1987

Lysosomal sialidase deficiency: increased ganglioside content in autopsy tissues of a sialidosis patient.

Organs obtained at autopsy from a patient with sialidosis were analyzed for 'bound' sialic acid and their ganglioside and neutral glycolipid patterns determined. The water-soluble bound sialic acid was increased between 10- and 17-fold in visceral organs, but only about 2-fold in the brain, when compared to normal controls. Lipid-bound sialic acid was increased up to 8-fold in visceral organs due to elevated amounts of gangliosides GM3, GD3 and probably GM4 and LM1, whereas the brain showed no deviation from controls. An alteration of the neutral glycolipid pattern was also observed. The results indicate an impaired catabolism of gangliosides in sialidosis in addition to that of sialyloligosaccharides and sialoglycoproteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Severe short-limb dwarfism resembling Grebe chondrodysplasia.

A severe, nonlethal short-limb bone dysplasia is described in two unrelated patients. The disorder is characterized by a peculiar facial appearance, rib anomalies and severe shortness and distortion of individual long bones, notably the humeri, tibiae, fibulae, metapodia and phalanges with marked irregularity and asymmetry of bone changes. The condition is differentiated from other bone dysplasias with extreme limb shortness, in particular Grebe chondrodysplasia.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1986

Cryptophthalmos--syndactyly syndrome without cryptophthalmos.

Based on a personal observation and a review of the literature five cases with the so-called cryptophthalmos-syndactyly syndrome but without cryptophthalmos are presented. It appears that eye lesions are non-obligatory components of a pleomorphic condition which may be overlooked in the absence of the name-giving anomaly. The diagnosis of the cryptophthalmos-syndactyly syndrome must be considered in patients with a combination of acrofacial and urogenital malformations with or without cryptophthalmos.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Heterogeneity of Morquio disease.

Further clinical heterogeneity of Morquio disease, mucopolysaccharidosis IV (MPS IV), is delineated by the observation of a 30-year-old man with unusually mild clinical manifestations. He is 156 cm tall, has comparatively mild skeletal abnormalities and fine corneal deposits. Keratosulfaturia is absent. N-Acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate (GalNAc-6-S) sulfatase (E.C. 3.1.6.-) was markedly reduced in his fibroblasts. The residual enzyme activity exhibited a pH profile comparable to that of patients with the "classical" form of the disorder. From our observation and a review of the literature it is concluded that Morquio disease can be divided in several subgroups: besides the severe ("classical") type A there exist an intermediate and a mild form that are also caused by a GalNAc-6-S sulfatase deficiency. A late-onset variant of Morquio disease, which is due to a deficiency of beta-galactosidase, has been classified as type B. In addition, patients with mild manifestation of the disease and normal activities in fibroblasts of GalNAc-6-S sulfatase and beta-galactosidase have been observed (type C). The genetic nature of the broad clinical variability of Morquio disease is incompletely understood: it is partially caused by different enzyme defects. Other factors thought to influence the clinical expression include the pH profile of the residual enzyme activity and an additional neuraminidase defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The clinical spectrum of alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency.

We present five patients with alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency who do not have the typical Hurler or Scheie phenotypes; they are compared to 28 similarly atypical cases from the literature. Phenotypic differences are pointed out and intrafamilial similarities stressed. Among the various possible explanations for this situation, the existence of genetic compounds seems acceptable for some of the cases, but others seem to be caused by different mutations. The elucidation of these alternative possibilities from recent biochemical research is discussed.

Adolescent↗