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Biomedical subjects

J Springer

Publications and source records attributed to J Springer.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Teratogenic evaluation of the pesticides baygon, carbofuran, dimethoate and EPN.

Baygon was administered IG once daily to CD rats (5 to 50 mg/kg), on the 7th-19th day of gestation or to CD-1 mice (5 to 60 mg/kg) on days 6-16 of gestation. Baygon, at dose levels which were not maternally lethal, did not produce fetotoxicity, fetal lethality or malformations in the fetuses. Baygon was not teratogenic in the CD rat or CD-1 mouse at maternally nontoxic dose levels. Carbofuran was administered IG once daily to CD rats (0.05 to 5.0 mg/kg), on the 7th-19th day of gestation or to CD-1 mice (0.1 to 20 mg/kg) on days 6-16 of gestation. At dose levels which were not maternally lethal, carbofuran did not produce fetotoxicity, fetal lethality or malformations in the fetuses. Carbofuran was not teratogenic in the CD rat or CD-1 mouse at maternally nontoxic dose levels. Dimethoate was administered IG once daily to CD-1 mice (10 to 80 mg/kg), on the 6th-16th day of gestation. At dose levels which were not maternally lethal, dimethoate did not produce fetotoxicity, fetal lethality or malformations in the fetuses. Dimethoate was not teratogenic in the CD-1 mouse at maternally nontoxic dose levels. EPN was administered IG once daily to CD-1 mice (1.0 to 12.0 mg/kg) on the 6th-16th day of gestation. EPN, at dose levels up to those which were maternally lethal, did not produce fetotoxicity, fetal lethality or an increase in malformations. EPN was not teratogenic in the CD-1 mouse at maternally nontoxic dose levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Sequence analysis of a split gene involved in fruiting from the fungus Schizophyllum commune.

The sequence of a gene and its mRNA, which is abundantly expressed during fruiting body initiation in the Basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune, is described. This gene (1G2), the first to be analyzed in this group of fungi, contains an open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 94 amino acids and a mol. wt. of 9842. A possible signal peptide of 20 residues and one glycosylation site were found. The sequence analysis was hampered by a sequence rearrangement in one of the cDNA clones, probably due to base pairing between short complementary sequences present at the 5' and 3' ends of the mRNA. The 5' untranslated leader sequence is 57 bp long and harbors a possible ribosome binding site close to the AUG start codon. A TATA box is found at position -31 upstream of transcription initiation. The 3' untranslated sequence is 200 bp long and contains the sequence -TATATAAT-, which most likely represents the polyadenylation signal. Some heterogeneity as to the site of addition of the poly(A) tail was observed. The coding region of the gene is interrupted by three very small introns of 53, 49 and 49 bp, respectively. The 5' and 3' splice junctions are conserved: GTGAGT- and -AG-, respectively. Each intron contains a sequence complementary to the 5' end of the intron. These sequences are compared with internal conserved sequences in yeast and filamentous fungi with regard to their possible role in splicing.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Molecular cloning of a gene abundantly expressed during fruiting body initiation in Schizophyllum commune.

Complementary DNA was synthesized on polyadenylated RNA from a dikaryotic mycelium of the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune bearing fruiting body initials. The complementary DNA was cloned into the PstI site of pBR327 by the deoxyguanidylate-deoxycytidylate tailing approach. After transformation into Escherichia coli cells, a differential screening was performed by colony hybridization with complementary [32P]DNA made on the RNAs of the monokaryon and dikaryon strains. Two clones were selected for further analysis by Northern blotting and hybrid release translation. Clone 1D10 hybridized with an mRNA of 775 nucleotides, coding for a polypeptide with an Mr of 15,000. Although this RNA was present in both monokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia, its concentration appeared to change considerably over time and with different cultivation conditions. This mRNA is probably the most abundantly expressed sequence in S. commune. Clone 1G2 and its homologs hybridized with an mRNA of 650 nucleotides, coding for a polypeptide with an Mr of 13,000. This gene was exclusively expressed in the dikaryon strain. In liquid-grown cultures, the concentration of this mRNA was low but increased ca. 20-fold during the establishment of fruiting body primordia. A chromosomal fragment of 9 kilobase pairs which contained the 1G2 gene was cloned into pBR327 and used as a probe in Northern blot hybridization. It was found that surrounding sequences were not expressed at the same time or to the same extent as the 1G2 gene.

Agaricales↗
PubMed1982

Risk assessment in a federal regulatory agency: an assessment of risk associated with the human consumption of some species of fish contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

The problem of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) became a national concern in 1971 when several accidental contaminations of foods were reported. Extensive efforts were undertaken by FDA to reduce the residues of PCBs in food. However, the PCB levels in several species of fresh-water fish have raised concern about the PCB residues from environmental contamination, and it is this concern which has prompted a reassessment of the human risk involved from consumption of such fish. The human epidemiology and animal toxicity of PCB exposure are reviewed, as well as risk assessment in general. Specific examples to risk assessment involving extrapolation of animal data to humans, based on several levels of human exposure to PCBs in fish, are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Changes in dopamine and DOPAC following systemic administration of apomorphine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino-2-imidazoline (DPI) in rats.

Rats were injected systemically with either saline, apomorphine, or one of four doses of DPI (3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino-2-imidazoline) and the levels of dopamine and DOPAC determined in the nucleus accumbens and the caudate regions. DPI reduced dopamine and DOPAC levels in the nucleus accumbens, while apomorphine did not. On the other hand, apomorphine reduced the levels of dopamine and DOPAC in the caudate but not the nucleus accumbens. DPI largely was without effect in the caudate. The results are discussed in terms of possible specificity of the two dopamine agonists in the two forebrain regions.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1981

Antidiuretic responses to injected desmopressin, alone and with indomethacin.

Desmopressin (dDAVP) is a synthetic analog of arginine vasopressin which generally has been very effective, used intranasally, in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. There are several clinical situations, however, where a parenteral route of administration would be preferable. Using 6 patients with diabetes insipidus, we have shown a dose-response relationship between 0.5 and 4 microgram of dDAVP injected sc. The nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory agent, indomethacin, augments the magnitude, but not the duration, of the response to 0.5 microgram dDAVP. These observations suggest that injected dDAVP, generally in the amount of 1 or 2 microgram, would be a valuable agent in the treatment of diabetes insipidus and that combined therapy with indomethacin is probably not warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of modified A-1 method with standard EC test for recovery of fecal coliform bacteria for shellfish.

This study is one of a series in which variations of the A-1 method for the detection and enumeration of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in seawater and foods were evaluated. The tests were conducted jointly by the Food and Drug Administration and state and provincial laboratories that support shellfish control programs in the United States and Canada as part of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program's Microbiology Task Force activities. Results showed significantly higher recovery of fecal coliforms from naturally contaminated shellfish by the AOAC official A-1-M method than by the American Public Health Association standard method. There was no significant difference in recovery of E. coli by the 2 methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of age on diagnostic usefulness of stimulated plasma renin activity and saralasin test in detection of renovascular hypertension.

The diagnostic usefulness of the timed intravenous pyelogram (IVP), isotopic renal flow study (renal flow), stimulated plasma renin activity (SPRA), saralasin infusion test, and renal vein renins (RVR) in detecting possible renal vascular hypertension was studied in relation to age. Among patients who had been off medication for 2 weeks and who had normal renal X-ray findings, the percentage of those with a high SPRA dropped from 22.3% in those aged 20-29 to 4.2% in those aged 60-69 years, and that in those showing a positive saralasin test dropped from 8.3% in those aged 20-29 to 4.3% in those aged 60-69. But among those with abnormal renal X-ray findings, the percentage rose from 5.7% to 20% (high SPRA) and from 16.3% to 33% (positive saralasin test). A high SPRA or positive saralasin detected a renal abnormality in 11.7% and 50%, respectively, of patients aged 20-29, and 75% and 85.7%, respectively, of those aged 60-69. The percentage of all patients on or off medication with abnormal renal X-ray findings and a renal vein renin ratio > 1.5 increased from 14.2% among those aged 20-29 to 84.2% among those aged 60-69. The results indicate an increasing usefulness with age of a high SPRA or a positive saralasin test in indicating an abnormal renal X-ray and an abnormal renal vein renin ratio, and thus a potentially correctable lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Mevinolin: a highly potent competitive inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and a cholesterol-lowering agent.

Mevinolin, a fungal metabolite, was isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The structure and absolute configuration of mevinolini and its open acid form, mevinolinic acid, were determined by a combination of physical techniques. Mevinolin was shown to be 1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-beta, delta-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-1-naphthalene-hepatanoic acid delta-lactone. Mevinolin in the hydroxy-acid form, mevinolinic acid, is a potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase [mevalonate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating), EC 1.1.1.34]; its Ki of 0.6 nM can be compared to 1.4 nM for the hydroxy acid form of the previously described related inhibitor, ML-236B (compactin, 6-demethylmevinolin). In the rat, orally administered sodium mevinolinate was an active inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis in an acute assay (50% inhibitory dose = 46 microgram/kg). Furthermore, it was shown that mevinolin was an orally active cholesterol-lowering agent in the dog. Treatment of dogs for 3 weeks with mevinolin at 8 mg/kg per day resulted in a 29.3 +/- 2.5% lowering of plasma cholesterol.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of two rapid test procedures with the standard EC test recovery of fecal coliform bacteria from shellfish-growing waters.

A study was conducted to compare recovery and enumeration capability of two 24-hr multitube fermentation tests with the standard EC test for fecal coliform levels in shellfish-growing waters. The 2 tests were the A-1 test developed by Andrews and Presnell, specifying 24-hr incubation in A-1 medium at 44.5 degree C; and a modification of the A-1 test requiring a 3-hr resuscitation of 35 degree C before incubation at 44.5 degree C for 21 hr. Fifteen State, Federal, and Provincial laboratories examined 10 routine shellfish-growing area samples per month in parallel by the 3 methods for 1 year. IMViC tests (indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, and citrate) were conducted on all gas-positive tubes. The modified A-1 test recovered higher levels of fecal coliforms than the A-1 test. Although there were seasonal and geographic variations in recovery and enumeration by the modified A-1 test, overall there was good correlation of the modified A-1 test with the EC test. Both the A-1 and modified A-1 tests were more specific for Escherichia coli than the EC test. Results of the study indicate that the 24-hr modified A-1 test can be used as an alterantive test for the standard 72-hr EC test as an adjunct to the sanitary survey for the classification and control of shellfish-growing areas waters.

Bacteriological Techniques↗