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Biomedical subjects

J Stocks

Publications and source records attributed to J Stocks.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Influence of tidal volume on respiratory compliance in anesthetized infants and young children.

Recent studies have suggested a close association between total respiratory compliance (Crs) and tidal volume in anesthetized paralyzed infants who are being artificially ventilated. To investigate this further, the multiple occlusion technique was used to measure Crs in 20 anesthetized infants and young children (aged 1-25 mo) before elective surgery. Measurements were made after intubation 1) during spontaneous breathing (SB), 2) after administration of a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant with tidal volume and frequency mimicking that during SB, and 3) with the child still paralyzed but tidal volume approximately double that during SB. Compared with values obtained during SB, there was no significant change in Crs after paralysis when ventilation matched the child's own pattern (P greater than 0.2). When ventilated with the larger tidal volumes, the infants showed a highly significant increase in Crs (mean 62%, range 14-158%, P less than 0.0001). These results may have implications not only for studies performed during anesthesia but also when infants were monitored in the intensive care setting. Values of Crs obtained in ventilated infants may reflect both the mechanical behavior of the respiratory system and the pattern of ventilation at the time of measurement.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1990

Restriction site polymorphisms at the human HepG2 glucose transporter gene locus in Caucasian and west Indian subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Digestion of human genomic DNA with the restriction enzyme StuI revealed a 2-allele polymorphism with a human HepG2 glucose transporter probe. Bands of 3.2 kilobases (kb; S1 allele) and 2.6 kb (S2 allele) were observed. The genotype frequencies were investigated in 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetic populations. The genotype frequencies of S1S1, S1S2 and S2S2 were 6, 42 and 52% among Caucasian diabetic subjects (n = 48), and 11, 38 and 51% in 47 controls, respectively. In West Indian diabetic patients (n = 48), the genotype frequencies were 17, 54 and 29%, and for 36 controls they were 25, 33 and 42%, respectively. The polymorphism information content of this restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is 0.32 in Caucasians and 0.37 in West Indians, respectively. There was no significant difference of allele or genotype frequencies between the diabetic patients and non-diabetic controls in either group. Haplotype analysis of the StuI and XbaI RFLPs showed that there was also no significant difference in the frequencies of the four different haplotypes S1X1, S1X2, S2X1 and S2X2 between the patients and controls. However, there was a difference for the frequency of the S1 allele between Caucasians (controls 30%, patients 27%) and West Indians (controls 42%, patients 44%). There was also a significant difference in the frequency of haplotype S2X2 between these two racial groups (controls 48%, cases 51% for Caucasians, and controls 33%, cases 22% for West Indians).

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

DNA polymorphisms at the lipoprotein lipase gene: associations in normal and hypertriglyceridaemic subjects.

Lipoprotein lipase is a rate determining enzyme for the removal of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from the blood stream. We examined whether genetic variation at the lipoprotein lipase gene locus was related to the fasting plasma level of triglycerides in both a normal and hypertriglyceridaemic population. Two restriction fragment length polymorphisms revealed by the enzymes PvuII and HindIII generated alleles designated H1, 17.5 kb;H2, 8.7 kb;P1, 7.0 kb;P2, 4.4 and 2.5 kb, respectively. These were studied in 46 Caucasian hypertriglyceridaemic subjects in comparison with 86 normolipidaemic controls. The respective allelic frequencies were H1 0.211, H2 0.789 and H1 0.414, H2 0.586 (p less than 0.01). Similar differences in allelic frequencies were found in a smaller group of Japanese hypertriglyceridaemic subjects (n = 29) compared to Japanese controls (n = 41, p less than 0.01). Ninety-three healthy Caucasians were genotyped for both polymorphic sites to relate to levels of plasma triglyceride. We found that individuals with genotype P1P1 had fasting triglyceride levels of 0.96 +/- 0.31 mmol/l (n = 20) compared to genotype P2P2 with levels of 1.31 +/- 0.66 mmol/l (n = 30, p less than 0.02); heterozygous subjects (P1P2) had intermediate levels of plasma triglyceride (1.15 +/- 0.46 mmol/l, n = 43). The HindIII alleles were not significantly associated with variation in levels of plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, or HDL-cholesterol. We conclude that DNA variations at, or around, the lipoprotein lipase gene may constitute genetic determinants for both the population variation in plasma triglyceride levels as well as for the common metabolic disorder of primary hypertriglyceridaemia.

DNA↗
PubMed1989

Total respiratory compliance during anaesthesia in infants and young children.

The multiple occlusion technique was used to study the effects of paralysis on ventilatory mechanics during anaesthesia. Total respiratory compliance (Crs) was measured during spontaneous breathing and following neuromuscular block with controlled ventilation in 23 infants. There was marked variation in response to paralysis: some infants demonstrated no change in Crs between the two states; others had values of Crs which were significantly higher during paralysis with controlled ventilation than during spontaneous breathing. A possible cause of these differences may be the type of controlled ventilation given during paralysis, with tidal volume directly influencing values of Crs obtained. The results of this study suggest that values of Crs obtained during spontaneous breathing and paralysis should not be used interchangeably until further studies have been performed to assess factors influencing Crs during controlled ventilation.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1988

A DNA polymorphism of the apolipoprotein C-III gene in extracoronary atherosclerosis.

1. A genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein (apo) C-III was studied in 49 Caucasian patients with extracoronary atherosclerosis demonstrated by angiography. 2. Twelve patients (24%) possessed an uncommon allelic variant of the apo A-I/C-III gene cluster compared with two (4%) in 50 healthy controls (P less than 0.01). 3. Of 27 patients with carotid atherosclerosis, 22% had the uncommon genotype (P less than 0.02), and in aorto-femoral atherosclerosis (n = 22) 27% possessed the uncommon variant (P less than 0.01). 4. When normotriglyceridaemic subgroups (n = 32) with arterial disease were studied the difference in genotype frequencies persisted, 22% having the uncommon allele (P less than 0.01), suggesting that such genetic variants have effects independent of circulating levels of plasma lipids.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Hypertriglyceridaemia and diabetes mellitus: cause or effect?

Two patients with hypertriglyceridaemia which was diagnosed several years before the onset of diabetes are described. In the first case a 54-year-old man presented with hypertriglyceridaemia and normal glucose tolerance. After 4 years he developed severe hypertriglyceridaemia (22 mmol/l) which was first ascribed to poor compliance but soon afterwards diabetes was diagnosed and good blood glucose control minimized the hypertriglyceridaemia. The second patient, a female, aged 27 years, with the polycystic ovarian syndrome, presented with eruptive xanthoma after several years of mild hyperlipidaemia. There was severe hyperlipidaemia (triglyceride 140 mmol/l, cholesterol 42 mmol/l) which required urgent plasmapheresis. Diabetes was diagnosed and treated with insulin at this time but the patient was taking the oral contraceptive pill and also had a deficiency of apolipoprotein CII.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

DNA polymorphisms of the insulin receptor gene in Japanese subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Genotypes identified by two restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the insulin receptor gene (IRG) with the restriction endonuclease Sst-1 were determined in a Japanese group comprising 51 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 50 control subjects. Southern hybridization using a probe for the beta subunit of the human IRG identifies 4 alleles, termed S1(+) (5.3 kb), S1(-) (5.8 kb), S2(+) (7.0 and 2.4 kb) and S2(-) (9.4 kb). The frequencies of genotypes possessing the S1(-) allele in Japanese controls and Japanese NIDDM patients were 0.11 and 0.16, respectively. Unlike the previously reported association of the S1(-) allele with NIDDM found in Caucasians there was no significant difference in the frequency of the S1(-) allele between non-diabetic and NIDDM Japanese patients. There was a significant difference in the frequency of the S2(+) allele between Caucasian control subjects (0.14) and Japanese controls (0.0) and NIDDM patients (0.02).

Asian People↗