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Biomedical subjects

J Stott

Publications and source records attributed to J Stott.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Efficacy of insulin eyedrops.

Systemic absorption of insulin delivered via eyedrops has been studied in rats made transiently hyperglycemic by anesthesia with xylazine/ketamine. Insulin at a concentration of 2 mg/ml was not absorbed significantly when saline alone was used as the formulation for the eyedrops (0.04 ml). When various emulsant agents were added to the eyedrop formulation, systemic insulin levels were increased and concomitantly, blood D-glucose levels were decreased. Saponin, Brij-78, BL-9 and several alkylglycosides all increased the systemic absorption of insulin following delivery in eyedrops. Not all surfactant agents were effective in promoting systemic insulin absorption from eyedrops, as evidenced by the failure of some non-ionic surfactants to increase insulin absorption. Similar results were obtained when nosedrops containing insulin plus non-ionic surfactants were administered to rats. In conclusion, systemic insulin absorption was greatly accelerated by the addition of certain emulsants to the eyedrop formulation and physiologically important levels of insulin could be delivered systemically following eyedrop administration.

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

Studies of the conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes of simian immunodeficiency virus envelope protein.

It has been shown previously that the major neutralizing epitopes in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are discontinuous and conformation dependent and that the V3 loop, in contrast to that of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, does not by itself elicit neutralizing antibodies (K. Javaherian et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:1418-1422, 1992). We now present data showing that on the basis of fractionation of infected macaque sera, protease digestion of the envelope, and binding properties of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to SIV and SIV-HIV chimeric envelope proteins, changes in V3 can disrupt the conformation-dependent neutralization region. The chimeric protein did not produce significant neutralizing antibodies against either SIV or HIV. We also report that neutralizing antibodies elicited by recombinant SIV envelope proteins of mac251 and B670 isolates cross-neutralize. Finally, we show that deglycosylation of the SIV envelope results in a molecule which binds neither soluble CD4 nor the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies being investigated here and does not elicit sera with a significant neutralizing titer.

Acids↗
PubMed1991

Metastatic thymic lymphosarcoma in a calf.

Metastatic thymic lymphosarcoma was diagnosed in a 16-month-old mixed-breed heifer with a history of progressive weight loss. Physical examination revealed cachexia, pale mucous membranes, large peripheral lymph nodes, and a 15 X 40-cm mass in the ventral portion of the neck, extending cranially from the thoracic inlet. Neoplastic lymphocytes were identified in aspirates of pleural effusion and bone marrow. Histologic examination of necropsy specimens substantiated metastatic dispersal of the tumor into lymphoid tissue, liver, intestine, heart, and kidney. This case differs from other reported cases of thymic lymphosarcoma because of the involvement of organs other than the thymus and lymph nodes. Analytical flow cytometry was performed on mononuclear leukocytes obtained from blood by use of density gradient centrifugation. The majority of cells (65%) appeared to be of an immature, poorly differentiated phenotype, on the basis of the small numbers of cells stained with monoclonal antibodies specific for the following cell surface markers: 8% BoCD2 (IL-A26; sheep erythrocyte receptor on T-lymphocytes); less than 10% B-lymphocytes as determined by expression of MHC class II proteins and surface immunoglobulin; 12% monocytes (IL-A24); and 5% null cells (IL-A29). Although the leukemic cell population did not express traditional surface markers for T-lymphocytes, we hypothesize that the leukemic cell population represents an early stage of T-cell maturation that has failed to differentiate and express characteristic cell surface antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Potency and efficacy of inactivated bluetongue virus vaccines.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) was chemically inactivated and was shown to elicit neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated rabbits and sheep. In sheep, the neutralizing antibody was shown to be protective by immunity challenge with virulent virus. These studies have shown the feasibility of safe and effective inactivated vaccines for bluetongue (BT) disease of sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Bluetongue virus: comparative evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunodiffusion, and serum neutralization for detection of viral antibodies.

Comparative studies on the detection of bovine serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to bluetongue virus with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an immunodiffusion method, and a serum neutralization assay demonstrated complete concordance between the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the serum neutralization assay results. However, the immunodiffusion method failed to detect bluetongue virus antibody in a substantial number of sera found to possess bluetongue virus immunoglobulin G with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Epizootiologic study of bluetongue: virologic and serologic results.

Heparinized blood and serum samples were obtained from 1,295 ruminants in herds or flocks with bluetongue virus (BTV) infection in 4 western states. Submissions were from herds or flocks with clinical bluetongue (BT), as well as from animals on premises with no history of BT disease. Insects, including Culicoides variipennis, were collected in areas enzootic for BT disease. Viral isolations were in 10-day-old embryonating chicken eggs that were then adapted to Vero cells for serotyping. Sera were tested from group-specific antibody to BTV by the micro agar gel precipitin (AGP) test. Viral isolations were from cattle (81), sheep (122), goats (9), antelope (2), and C varipennis (5). There were 7 isolates of serotype 120, 114 of serotype 11, 42 of serotype 13, and 56 of serotype 17. In herds or flocks from which BTV was isolated, 51% of cattle, 56% of sheep, 21% of goats, and 52% of antelope had AGP antibodies. Virus was isolated from 43% of the cattle and 23% of the sheep that had no demonstrable evidence of AGP antibodies. Viral isolations were seasonal, occurring from August until December. Approximately 30% of the herds or flocks from which virus was isolated had more than one serotype of virus causing infection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Photostabilization of organic UV-absorbing and anti-oxidant cosmetic components in formulations containing micronized manganese-doped titanium oxide.

Micronized titanium oxide (TiO(2)) and manganese-doped titanium oxide (TiO(2):Mn) particles have been incorporated into a variety of oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions in conjunction with the UV-absorbing organic compounds butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM) and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) and with the anti-oxidants vitamin E and vitamin C. The retention of the organics under solar exposure has been shown to be significantly enhanced by the addition of TiO(2):Mn to the formulation. In the case of BMDM and OMC, the retention is increased from 20% and 24% to 63% and 83%, respectively, after two hours of solar exposure. In this system, TiO(2) particles are shown to provide only limited protection relative to BMDM and OMC. Vitamin E and vitamin C are actively degraded by the presence of TiO(2) in the emulsion during solar exposure. This effect is reversed with TiO(2):Mn, the use of which can protect >90% of anti-oxidants in both the oil and water phases of the formulation. The absence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and surface scavenging of ROS by TiO(2):Mn is responsible for a significantly reduced ROS load on the organic components and consequent photostabilization of the emulsion.

Antioxidants↗