Biomedical subjects

J T Chibnall

Publications and source records attributed to J T Chibnall.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

The Pain Disability Index: factor structure and normative data.

The factor structure and normative data for the Pain Disability Index (PDI) were examined in a large (N = 1,059) sample of chronic pain patients. The results support a one-factor solution for the PDI. Analyses of normative data indicated very small effects associated with gender, age, and pain duration. Relatively larger effects were associated with compensation status, litigation status, and circumstances of pain onset. Working patients reported less disability than their nonworking counterparts, litigating patients reported more disability than nonlitigants, and patients injured at work reported higher levels of disability than those with pain origins unrelated to work. The results reflect the disability level of patients referred to a hospital-based pain management program and may be useful as a reference point when comparing disability levels of other patient groups or research samples.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Evidence for construct validity of the TMJ scale in a sample of chronic post-traumatic headache patients.

The construct validity of the TMJ Scale was examined in a sample of chronic post-traumatic headache patients. Clinical indicators of temporomandibular (TM) dysfunction and measures of psychosocial distress were compared with relevant scales of the TMJ Scale. The clinical indicators were first subjected to principal components analysis. The resulting factor scores correlated significantly with selected physical domain scales of the TMJ Scale. The factor scores also significantly predicted the TMJ Global Scale in a regression analysis. Selected psychosocial domain scales of the TMJ Scale correlated strongly with measures of depression and anger and a clinical diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. The results support the validity of the TMJ Scale and demonstrates its utility with post-traumatic headache patients.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1994

The influence of body size on linear measurements used to reflect cervical range of motion.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purposes of the study were to demonstrate that linear measurements of cervical range of motion are confounded by differences in body size when comparisons are made between groups and to introduce an alternative measure of range of motion that adjusts for variation in body size. SUBJECTS: The sample consisted of 42 subjects (25 female, 17 male) with chronic posttraumatic headaches. METHODS: Using a tape measure, a physical therapist measured the distance between two anatomical landmarks with the subject's neck in the anatomical neutral position and with the subject's neck fully laterally flexed, rotated, and forward flexed. Range of motion was effected with two measurements: the distance between the landmarks at full flexion/rotation and the proportion of distance traversed between the landmarks. RESULTS: The end-of-range values were significantly correlated with body size. No significant correlations emerged between the proportion-of-distance values and body size. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Linear measurements of cervical motion are potentially confounded by body size when subjects of nonequivalent size are compared. Proportion-of-distance measurement is presented as a more valid alternative to end-of-range measurement.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

The short form of the Beck Depression Inventory: validity issues with chronic pain patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the validity of the Beck Depression Inventory short form when used to screen for depression in chronic pain patients. SETTING: A multidisciplinary pain management center located in a major university medical center. PATIENTS: Seven hundred sixty-five persons presenting for evaluation of chronic pain, including low back pain, head/neck pain, and extremity pain. MEASURES: Beck Depression Inventory short form, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Pain Disability Index, pain drawing, and Quality of Life Scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Items on the Beck Depression Inventory short form reflecting pain-related interference with function (i.e., disability) were endorsed to a greater degree than affective and cognitive items. A factor analysis of the inventory yielded two affective/cognitive factors and one "disability" factor (work inhibition and fatigue). The correlations between the factor scores and the Pain Disability Index suggested that endorsement of the work inhibition and fatigue items by chronic pain patients may not be indicative of affective disturbance. The results suggest that these items should be evaluated critically for their contribution to the total score of the Beck Depression Inventory short form when assessing depression in chronic pain patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Migraine as a sequela to chronic low back pain.

The occurrence of headache as a sequela of low back pain was examined in a sample of chronic pain patients. All patients had low back pain without history of head, neck, or upper back injury or headache onset simultaneous with the low back pain. Consistent with prior research, headache was found to be a common concomitant of back pain. In many patients, headache was found to have begun or exacerbated markedly after onset of low back pain. Prevalence of migraine in female patients was significantly higher than the population prevalence for females in the United States; this was not true for male patients. Potential mechanisms for explaining the high prevalence of migraine following low back pain are discussed, including increased muscle tension, psychosocial factors, and analgesic overuse.

Female↗

PubMed1994

Post-traumatic stress disorder in chronic post-traumatic headache patients.

The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was examined in a sample of chronic post-traumatic headache patients. All subjects had been injured in a motor vehicle accident and had developed headache or experienced marked exacerbation of an existing headache condition as a result. Nearly 30% of the sample was diagnosed with PTSD. Depression and suppressed anger were significantly higher in subjects with PTSD compared to the rest of the sample. Those with PTSD were more likely to have a history of headache prior to the accident than subjects without PTSD. Comparisons between the PTSD and non-PTSD groups on other headache and demographic variables were non-significant. The importance of evaluating post-traumatic headache patients for the presence of PTSD is discussed.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1994

Postconcussion symptoms and cognitive functioning in posttraumatic headache patients.

Forty-two patients with posttraumatic headache of at least three months duration following motor vehicle accident completed the Postconcussion Syndrome Checklist which assessed their experience of 10 commonly reported cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms. The patients also completed the Beck Depression Inventory and a brief battery of neuropsychological tests. Results indicated that postconcussion symptoms remained quite prevalent among these subjects. More pronounced postconcussion symptomatology was associated with significantly greater impairment on 6 of 13 measures of neuropsychological functioning. Neither severity of subjects' postconcussion symptoms nor neuropsychological test performance were affected by litigation status. However, depressed subjects reported more severe cognitive and emotional symptoms than did nondepressed subjects. Additional information about postconcussion symptom prevalence and a description of the relationship between self-reported symptoms, cognitive functioning on neuropsychological tests, and depression is provided. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1989

The Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist revisited: reliability and validity in a chronic pain population.

A psychometric evaluation of the SUNYA Revision of the Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist (PSC) was conducted with 405 chronic pain patients who completed the PSC as part of a diagnostic battery. Several properties of the measure were examined, including its reliability, internal consistency, discriminant validity, and factor structure. Contrary to a previous study, the measure demonstrated a modest reliability, a poor discriminant validity, and a multifactor structure that accounted for only a small proportion of the variance in the measure. Thus, the PSC did not appear to be an adequate measure of general psychosomatic distress when used with chronic pain patients. For these patients, the PSC may measure symptom clusters rather than general psychosomatic symptomatology. Since the PSC is used in various clinical populations, the results underscore the importance of investigating the properties of the measure in these populations.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Stable factors in chronic pain.

In an effort to identify components of the chronic pain experience, a sample of 444 chronic pain patients who had completed a battery of self-report measures was divided into two groups. The data from each group were analyzed using principal components analysis. Four factors emerged for one group of patients, which accounted for 57.6% of the variance and represented the dimensions of psychological distress, pain-related disability, pain description, and pain history. In the other group, five factors emerged that accounted for 64.2% of the variance. These factors represented psychological distress, disability, pain intensity, pain sensation, and pain history. The similarity of these factors across groups suggests that they represent stable dimensions of the patient's pain experience. Research implications and methodological considerations are discussed.

Adult↗