Biomedical subjects

J T Dye

Publications and source records attributed to J T Dye.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Health risks associated with cigar smoking.

This article summarizes principal findings from a conference convened by the American Cancer Society in June 1998 to examine the health risks of cigar smoking. State-of-the-science reports were presented and 120 attendees (representing government and private agencies, academia, health educators, and tobacco control experts) participated in panels and summary development discussions. The following conclusions were reached by consensus: (1) rates of cigar smoking are rising among both adults and adolescents; (2) smoking cigars instead of cigarettes does not reduce the risk of nicotine addiction; (3) as the number of cigars smoked and the amount of smoke inhaled increases, the risk of death related to cigar smoking approaches that of cigarette smoking; (4) cigar smoke contains higher concentrations of toxic and carcinogenic compounds than cigarettes and is a major source of fine-particle and carbon monoxide indoor air pollution; and (5) cigar smoking is known to cause cancers of the lung and upper aerodigestive tract. JAMA. 2000;284:735-740

Humans↗

PubMed1993

Economic impact of cost-containment strategies in third party programmes in the US. Part II.

This is the second article in a 2-part series that examines the economic impact of several different strategies used to control costs in third party programmes. This article investigates 5 different methods: (a) formularies; (b) capitation; (c) drug utilisation review; (d) prior approval; and (e) drug product selection. The published literature indicates that use of formularies decreases drug expenditures, but these savings may be offset by expenditures in other areas of healthcare programmes. Capitation, though less well studied than other strategies, may show some effectiveness in reducing costs by increasing generic dispensing and promoting switching from prescription drug to over-the-counter. Drug utilisation review, as a systematic programme of claims data review, has been shown to yield positive economic return in a variety of areas, including both impersonal and face-to-face educational interventions with healthcare practitioners. Prior approval and drug product selection both result in savings when examined in isolation from other aspects of healthcare. Cost-shifting, administrative costs and costs incurred because of possible decreased access to care have yet to be fully accounted for.

Capitation Fee↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Risk perception and cigar smoking behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the cigar smoking perceptions and behaviors of US adults. METHODS: A national sample of 1,012 adults was interviewed by telephone. RESULTS: Current cigar smokers differed from nonsmokers in perceptions of personal risk for cancer and views about cigar smoking as a cancer cause. Both groups showed substantial acceptance of the glamorized image of cigarsmokers. CONCLUSION: Although recognizing smoking as a cancer cause in general, cigar smokers tended to show a self-exempting "optimistic bias" with regard to perceptions of their own risks.

Adolescent↗