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Biomedical subjects

J T Goodrich

Publications and source records attributed to J T Goodrich.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Electrical stimulation and multichannel EMG recording for identification of functional neural tissue during cauda equina surgery.

Electrical stimulation of structures within the surgical field was used to identify functional neural elements during 25 cauda equina operations. EMG responses from anterior thigh, posterior thigh, and anal sphincter muscles were recorded simultaneously using a multichannel signal averager. During nine operations, stimulation of a presumed filum terminale or other tissue produced clear EMG responses, prompting modification of surgical procedures. In one patient, this resulted in preservation of a flattened spinal cord which resembled a band of scar tissue. Some EMG responses were restricted to a single muscle group; these neural structures would probably not have been identified if only a single-channel EMG recording was used. Visual examination alone was not adequate for identifying functional neural elements, or for determining whether atretic-appearing nerve roots were functional. Electrical stimulation with multichannel EMG recording facilitates the preservation of functional neural elements and the optimization of surgical results in cauda equina surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Split-thickness bone grafts in complex craniofacial reconstructions.

We have operated on 20 patients with various forms of complex skull defects due either to trauma, tumor, or craniofacial problems. These cases have required complex reconstruction of defects involving the calvarium and anterior skull base. We review here our techniques of using locally harvested split-thickness calvarium bone grafts in the reconstruction of complex face and anterior fossa defects, secondary to tumor, trauma and craniofacial problems. With these harvesting techniques sufficient bone becomes available for large reconstructions, with minimum morbidity to the patient. The aesthetic results are excellent allowing for good facial and forehead contouring with minimal risk to the patient. In the case of traumatic injuries the surgery can also be performed early with the risk of infection being markedly reduced. Long-term results with split-thickness calvarial grafts have shown less bone resorption when compared with rib grafts.

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

A primary encephalocele culture yields a pure population of human astrocytes.

In order to develop a reliable source of human astrocytes for in vitro studies, we established a primary explant culture of a human encephalocele. This culture yielded a population of cells which were karyotypically normal, morphologically resembled astrocytes, expressed glial fibrillary acid protein, and responded mitogenically to exogenous growth factors. We conclude that white matter derived from human encephaloceles can be used to generate pure populations of normal astrocytes.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1988

Optic gliomas and neurofibromatosis: neurosurgical management.

Optic nerve gliomas occur in 5-15% of patients with neurofibromatosis; while many tumors are asymptomatic and stable, others cause significant morbidity and mortality. The availability of modern, noninvasive diagnostic modalities allows earlier diagnosis of this tumor, and even permits close observation as an alternative to therapeutic intervention in selected circumstances. Anterior tumors are best treated by observation, followed by surgical excision and radiation therapy if they enlarge and cause significant visual impairment. Posterior tumors are best treated by diagnostic biopsy and possible debulking, followed by radiation therapy. While chemotherapy appears a promising alternative to radiation therapy, insufficient experience has been obtained to draw any firm conclusions on the merit of this modality.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Ciliated craniopharyngioma.

A tumor of Rathke's cleft origin was studied, which showed some histologic features consistent with craniopharyngioma, but also had ciliated and mucin-containing cells more commonly observed in Rathke's cleft cysts. The combination of features provides further evidence that craniopharyngiomas and Rathke's cleft cysts have a common embryonic origin.

Craniopharyngioma↗
PubMed1978

Hirschsprung's disease: absence of serotonergic neurons in the aganglionic colon.

The distribution of enteric serotonergic neurons was studied in patients with Hirschsprung's disease. Specimens of bowel obtained at surgery were incubated in vitro with tritiated serotonin (3H-5-HT) in the presence of a high concentration of nonradioactive norepinephrine. Sites of high-affinity 3H-5-HT uptake were visualized by light-microscopic autoradiography. Specimens taken from ganglionic regions of the intestine (distal ileum or colon) showed intense labeling of the neuropil within the myenteric plexus. Silver grains were localized in a pericellular distribution around ganglion cells, but the ganglion cells themselves were relatively free of overlying silver grains. Corresponding regions of aganglionic colon or rectum demonstrated silver grain densities equivalent to background levels. Specific labeling was absent over the large nerve trunks in this region. These results suggest that 5-HT-containing neurons are present in the normal human intestine and that these neurons are absent in the aganglionic segment in Hirshsprung's disease.

Autoradiography↗