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Biomedical subjects

J T Ponnampalam

Publications and source records attributed to J T Ponnampalam.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Malaria antibody titres as measured by the indirect fluorescent antibody test in relation to parasitaemia and treatment.

Two hundred and two sera from Orang Asli patients living in malarious areas were tested by the washed-cell, thick smear malaria IFA test. These patients were infected with P.vivax, P.falciparum and some with both parasites. Antibodies to the homologous antigens were detected at titres of 1 : 16-1 : 4096 about 60 days after onset of treatment. Eighteen months after cure antibody levels had fallen to lower levels of reactivity.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1981

Chemotherapy of malaria.

The chemotherapy of malaria is incomplete without taking into consideration the widespread presence of chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria necessitating the use of a combination of antimalarials in order to effect a radical cure. Fortunately, there has been no evidence of chloroquine resistance thus far with P vivax and P malariae. Chloroquine resistant falciparum strains are present in about 85% of patients suffering from falciparum malaria but fortunately over 90 percent of the resistant cases only show a mild degree of resistance of the RI (delayed) type which in the majority of cases responds to larger doses of chloroquine over and above the amount administered in the standard three days regime. A combination of antimalarials is necessary in order to effect a radical cure in chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria. Vivax malaria and malaria due to P malariae best respond to sequential therapy with chloroquine and primaquine.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the resistance of malaria to chloroquine and to a combination of chloroquine and pyrimethamine in Peninsular Malaysia.

In vivo chloroquine resistance surveys, which allowed for detection of late recrudescing RI resistance, were conducted in three regions of Peninsular Malaysia, which were previously not recognized as having appreciable drug resistance. Among the 485 Plasmodium falciparum infections tested resistance rates ranged locally from 20% to 67% in those with parasitaemias over 1,000 per mm3, and 5% to 59% in all parasitaemias. The region found to have the most serious resistance was western Pahang. In one study a combination of chloroquine and pyrimethamine proved no more efficacious than chloroquine alone. Most of the resistance encountered was the late recrudescing RI type. There was no apparent correlation between drug resistance and Anopheles balabacensis as this species was not found despite intensive collections in two of the three main regions. There was no evidence of resistance among the 222 P. vivax and 35 P. malariae infections also tested.

Child↗
PubMed1975

Suppression of malaria with monthly administration of combined sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine.

A trial of suppression of malaria by administration of combined sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine tablets every 28 days was undertaken in West Malaysia during 1972. One thousand subjects were followed over a 10-month period, including control groups on placebo and on weekly chloroquine. Subjects were examined monthly for parasitaemia, drug reactions, leucopenia, teratogenicity and haemolysis among the subjects deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Rates of new infections in the placebo group were 8.0% with Plasmodium falciparum and 6.2% with P. vivax; in the group receiving weekly chloroquine, 5.1% P. falciparum and 0.3% P. vivax; and in the group receiving monthly sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, 0.3% P. Falciparum and 1.0% P. vivax. The effective rate of cure of new infections with P. falciparum by a single suppressive dose of combined sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine given the following month was 88.7%. No serious side effects were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Chloroquine resistant malaria in West Malaysia.

Chloroquine resistance is a well established entity in South East Asia, and presents a problem of increasing importance. Strains of P. falciparum resistant to chloroquine have also been found to be resistant to amodiaquine and a combination of pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine. Knowledge of the drug sensitivity of the strains of malaria parasite in a given locality is important so that the right choice of drugs can be made in treatment of the disease. The treatment of chloroquine resistant malaria in West Malaysia is a subject of another paper but suffice it to say that increased doses of chloroquine have still been found to be effective in treating many cases of falciparum malaria from areas of chloroquine resistance.

Anopheles↗
PubMed1975

Thick-smear Plasmodium falciparum antigen from in vitro cultures for the indirect fluorescent antibody test.

An important prerequisite for serological studies is the availability of specific antigens with which a high, consistently reproducible degree of test sensitivity can be obtained. In the present study, thick films of P. falciparum antigen were made from in vitro cultures in order to evaluate this antigen in terms of the sensitivity and reproducibility of the indirect fluorescent antibody test, as compared with an antigen prepared from washed infected erythrocytes of Aotus trivirgatus monkeys. The test was performed in 132 serum samples from 4 different sources. The results showed that the sensitivity and reproducibility of the two antigens compared well. No binding of donors' antibody to antigen was noticed within the 24-hour period of in vitroculture.

Antigens↗