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Biomedical subjects

J T Shen

Publications and source records attributed to J T Shen.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Sexual abuse of adolescents.

Molestation seldom has a lasting effect on a child unless violence was involved, sexual contact was extensive aand prolonged, or the parents overreact. Reassurance, along with instruction in avoiding repeat episodes, may be all that is necessary. Incest most commonly involves father, stepdaughter, or foster father and daughter. Usually, all members of the family are emotionally sick and need counseling, especially the mother, who holds the key to incestuous behavior. Rape has an immediate, profoundly disruptive effect on the victim's mental state and ability to function. Psychologic support and counseling of the victim and family must be provided throughout the acute and long-term phases, but referral to a special rape treatment team may be advisable for initial care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Sensitivity of human ovarian carcinoma cells to interferon and other antitumor agents as assessed by an in vitro semi-solid agar technique.

To determine the sensitivity in vitro of human ovarian carcinoma cells to the antiproliferative effects of human leukocyte interferon, 18 samples of ascitic fluid from 15 affected patients were cultured in semi-solid agar by the technique of Hamburger and Salmon. Cultures were examined at weekly intervals after initiation and the number and size of each tumor colony recorded. Growth as defined by increase in total tumor colony number with time was obtained in 45% of the samples, or 53% of the patients, or 67% of the ascitic fluid samples with tumor cells demonstrated by Pap smear. No growth occurred in samples from recently treated patients or in samples devoid of tumor cells as assessed by Pap smear. Response to interferon directly incorporated into the agar culture system or preincubated with cells prior to their inclusion in culture was defined as reduction in total colony number by greater than or equal to 50% and partial response by greater than or equal to 25% reduction. The response rate for samples, The nontreated controls of which showed evidence of growth, was 71%, and that of samples that contained tumor colonies with no increase in growth during the culture period was 75%. Sensitivity to interferon was not related to the histology or grade of the tumor or to the stage of the disease. In general the responsiveness of the tumor cells to interferon ran parallel to the overall responsiveness to a variety of other chemotherapeutic agents. As this culture system has been proven by other investigators to be predictive of in vivo resistance to antitumor drugs with considerable accuracy and also to be predictive of in vivo response to a lesser degree, it will be important to determine whether similar relationships between in vitro and in vivo sensitivity obtain for interferon.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Further experience in testing the sensitivity of human ovarian carcinoma cells to interferon in an in vitro semisolid agar culture system: comparison of solid and ascitic forms of the tumor.

We studied the in vitro growth characteristics of 10 solid-tumor samples of patients with ovarian carcinoma using a semisolid agar culture technique. Tumor cell colonies were observed in 8 of 10 samples, but sufficient number of tumor colonies to evaluate the effects of interferon and other antitumor agents were obtained in only four samples. As compared with cell suspensions prepared from ascitic fluid samples, solid-tumor samples had markedly lower viability, 39% vs 89%, and had more tumor cells, 81% vs 28%. Also, whereas the maximum increase in tumor-colony number occurred during the first week of growth in both solid- and ascitic-fluid-derived samples grown concurrently from the same donors, increase in tumor colony number was sustained for longer periods in ascitic-fluid-derived cultures. The ascitic-fluid-derived tumor colonies were more sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of interferon than colonies derived from solid-tumors. At a concentration of 300 units/ml incorporated into the agar for the duration of the culture, three of four ascitic fluid samples showed a reduction in tumor colony number by greater than or equal to 25%, whereas none of the solid-tumor samples were affected by the interferon to that degree. In contrast, solid-tumor samples showed greater response to cis platinum and Adriamycin than did ascitic-fluid-derived cultures. Such studies and observations are critical in designing clinical trials for the use of interferon in the treatment of malignancy and the judicious selection of patients and route of administration most likely to provide optimal results, especially in view of present critical shortages in availability of interferon.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of variations in pituitary-adrenal activity on dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in various regions of rat brain.

Since noradrenergic neurons in the brain appear to inhibit ACTH secretion and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) is found in noradrenergic neurons, the effect of variations in pituitary-adrenal activity on the activity of DBH in the brain stem, hypothalamus and hippocampus was determined. There was no significant circadian fluctuation in hypothalamic or brain stem DBH, as measured by the coupled radioenzymatic method of MOLINOFF et. al. [1971]. Pentobarbital and ether anesthesia, injection stress and surgical stress also had no acute effect. There was a decrease in anterior hypothalamic DBH 30 min after immobilization stress. Two days after adrenalectomy, there was a decrease in DBH in the hypothalamus and brain stem. A large dose of corticosterone (B) caused an increase in hypothalamic DBH. However, a smaller dose of B which increased plasma B to values comparable to those produced by endogenous secretion failed to have this effect. The data demonstrate an effect of the adrenal glands on brain DBH activity, but it is as yet uncertain whether this effect is mediated by glucocorticoids.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1976

Effect of variations in adrenocortical function on dopamine beta-hydroxylase and norepinephrine in the brain of the rat.

The effect of adrenalectomy and corticosterone treatment on dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity, catecholamine content and norepinephrine formation and metabolism were studied in the hypothalamus and other parts of the brain of male rats. Two days after adrenalectomy, there was a decrease in DBH activity in the hypothalamus and the brain stem but no change in norepinephrine or dopamine content. Conversion of intraventricularly administered tritiated dopamine to tritiated norepinephrine was slightly increased and norepinephrine was metabolized at a more rapid rate than normal. Corticosterone in a dose of 100 mg/kg increased DBH activity but decreased hypothalamic norepinephrine and copamine content. In adrenalectomized rats, smaller, more physiological doses of corticosterone did not change DBH activity or catecholamine content. The fact that norepinephrine formation and metabolism were increased at the same time that DBH activity in vitro was decreased suggests that DBH is not rate-limiting in adrenergic neurons in the hypothalamus, or that a change in the in vitro activity of the enzyme was not accompanied by a parallel change in its activity in vivo.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of cotton-tipped applicators for obtaining cells from the uterine cervix for Papanicolaou smears.

A study was made of the efficacy of two techniques for the preparation of Papanicolaou smears. In one technique ("swab-spatula technique"), a scraping of the endocervix with a saline-moistened cotton-tipped applicator was combined with a scraping of the ectocervix with a plastic spatula. In the second technique ("swab technique"), the endocervix and ectocervix were scraped with only a saline-moistened cotton-tipped applicator. The swab technique produced more inadequate smears with a scanty cellular yield (24/408 = 6%) than did the swab-spatula technique (9/361 = 3%). The swab technique also produced higher false-negative rates (60% for CIN I, 42% for CIN II, 16% for CIN III, 20% for invasive cancer, and 32% overall) as compared with those of the swab-spatula technique (27% for CIN I, 29% for CIN II, 14% for CIN III, 0% for invasive cancer and 18% overall). Because of the higher rates of inadequate samples and false negativity in smears prepared by cotton-tipped applicators alone, it is recommended that the spatula not be omitted in taking cervical samples for the preparation of Papanicolaou smears for the detection of dysplasia or cancer. This study also reflects a poor performance of a cervical cancer detection system in the setting of a major medical school and suggests the need for instruction and periodic evaluation of the performance of the staff taking the smears. This study also substantiates doubt on the value of a second recent smear as a follow-up procedure for cervical dysplasia.

Adolescent↗