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Biomedical subjects

J Taboada

Publications and source records attributed to J Taboada.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Transdermal methimazole treatment in cats with hyperthyroidism.

The objectives of this study were to assess serum thyroxine concentrations and clinical response in hyperthyroid cats to treatment with transdermal methimazole, and to determine if further investigation is indicated. Clinical and laboratory data from 13 cats with hyperthyroidism were retrospectively evaluated. Methimazole (Tapazole, Eli Lilly) was formulated in a pleuronic lecithin organogel (PLO)-based vehicle and was applied to the inner pinna of the ear at a dosage ranging from 2.5mg/cat q 24h to 10.0mg/cat q 12h. During the treatment period, cats were re-evaluated at a mean of 4.3 weeks (recheck-1), and again at a mean of 5.4 months (recheck-2). Clinical improvement was observed, and significant decreases in thyroxine concentrations were measured at recheck-1 (mean: 39.57nmol/L, SEM: 14.4, SD: 41.2) and recheck-2 (mean: 36.71nmol/L, SEM: 13.9, SD: 45.56) compared to pretreatment concentrations (mean: 97.5nmol/L, SEM: 11.42, SD: 39.5). No adverse effects were reported.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2001

In vitro cytotoxicity of flavonoids against MK2 and C6 tumour cells.

The cytotoxic effect of five flavonoids isolated from the aerial parts of the Asteraceae family of plants were studied in vitro using LLC-MK2 and C6 glial cells. Agehoustin A was shown to be cytotoxic for both cells (71% or 67% cell death). Agehoustin B and artemetin, which lack a methoxy group at C-8 (RI), were not cytotoxic for the cells (19% and 16% cell death). The three flavonoids showed considerable suppressive effects on LLC-MK2 and C6 cell growth. Lucidin-dimethylether and gnaphaliin were also not cytotoxic for cells but they had no suppressive effect on cell growth. The results show a structure-cytostatic activity relationship. We suggest that the methoxy group on C-8 and on the B ring are responsible for death cell.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Antiviral effect of flavonoids on the dengue virus.

In the present study we analysed the possible antiviral effect on dengue viruses of different flavonoids extracted and identified at the Chemistry Institute, UNAM, from the Mexican plants Tephrosia madrensis, Tephrosia viridiflora and Tephrosia crassifolia. The flavonoids glabranine and 7-O-methyl-glabranine presented 70% inhibition on the dengue virus at a concentration of 25 microM, while methyl-hildgardtol A, hildgardtol A and elongatine had no effect on viral growth. Our results show that glabranine and 7-O-methyl-glabranine isolated from Tephrosia s.p. exert a dose-dependent inhibitory effect in vitro on the dengue virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Renal haemangioma in a dog.

A three-and-a-half-year-old, spayed female, crossbred dog was presented with chronic haematuria. Diagnostic tests included abdominal ultrasonography, intravenous urography, cystoscopy and nephrectomy. Renal haemangioma was identified as the cause of the haematuria, which resolved postoperatively. A subcutaneous mass developed one month after the nephrectomy, which was diagnosed by biopsy as a cutaneous cavernous haemangioma. No other masses were reported one year later.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of oral administration of orotic acid on hepatic morphologic characteristics and serum biochemical variables in cats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate orotic acid (OA) as a possible etiologic factor in cats with idiopathic hepatic lipidosis (HL). ANIMALS: 20 clinically normal adult female cats. PROCEDURE: Cats were fed a control diet or a diet containing less protein. On day 1 of the control period, blood, urine, and liver biopsy specimens were obtained. Each cat was given an oral dose of water daily. On days 8, 15, and 22, blood and urine specimens were collected as on day 1. On day 29, liver, blood, and urine samples were obtained as on day 1. After a resting period of 30 to 60 days, cats were treated with orotic acid. Serum biochemical analyses, urinary OA-to-creatinine ratios, and liver biopsy specimens were evaluated. Cats were given OA orally (suspension or capsules) for 29 days. Sample collection and data obtained were identical to those described for the control period. RESULTS: Urinary OA-to-creatinine ratios were significantly higher in all treated cats, but ratios were significantly higher in those receiving OA in capsules than in those receiving OA in suspension. Diet or treatment did not alter hepatic biochemical or histologic variables significantly. However, 7 cats given the highest dose of OA in capsules developed azotemia, urolithiasis, and renal changes. CONCLUSIONS: Most concentrations of OA used in this study did not induce HL in cats during a 29-day period, but the highest dosage used did result in renal disease. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Orotic acid does not appear to be involved in the genesis of HL in cats.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Urinary orotic acid-to-creatinine ratios in cats with hepatic lipidosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine urinary orotic acid (OA) concentration and evaluate the urinary OA-to-creatinine ratio (OACR) in cats with hepatic lipidosis (HL). ANIMALS: 20 cats with HL and 20 clinically normal cats. PROCEDURE: Hepatic lipidosis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, results of serum biochemical analyses, exclusion of other concurrent illness, and cytologic or histologic evaluation of liver biopsy specimens. Urine samples were collected from each cat and frozen at -20 C until assayed. Urine creatinine concentrations were determined, using an alkaline picrate method followed by spectrophotometric assay. Urine OA concentration was determined, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Minimum amount of detectable OA in feline urine was 1 microg/ml. Because of small interfering peaks near the base of the OA peak, the minimum quantifiable concentration of OA was determined to be 5 microg/ml. Urinary OACR was compared in both groups of cats. RESULTS: Differences in urinary OACR were not detected between clinically normal cats and cats with HL. Peaks were not detected for urinary OA in any of the 20 clinically normal cats. Of the 20 HL cats, 14 did not have detectable peaks for urinary OA. Of the 6 HL cats that had detectable urinary OA peaks, 3 had values of <5 microg/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Apparently, OACR does not increase significantly in cats with HL. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Urinary OACR is not a useful diagnostic test for HL in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Blastomycosis in dogs: 115 cases (1980-1995).

OBJECTIVE: To characterize diagnostic results, treatment, and outcome of dogs with blastomycosis during a 15-year period in Louisiana. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 115 dogs with blastomycosis. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for dogs with blastomycosis examined between 1980 and 1995. Additional data were collected from the state veterinary diagnostic laboratory, via telephone interviews of owners, and by use of a random survey of the hospital population. RESULTS: Blastomycosis was detected mainly in young, large-breed dogs. Proximity to a body of water was a significant risk factor for affected dogs. Most dogs were affected in January and August through October. Clinical signs and results of physical examination reflected the multisystemic nature of the disease. Commonly affected systems included the respiratory tract and lymphatic, ocular, and cutaneous systems. Nodular interstitial and interstitial patterns were common findings on thoracic radiographs. Cytologic examination was successful in identifying organisms in samples from vitreous, skin, and lymph nodes. Similar results were achieved for dogs treated with a combination of amphotericin B and ketoconazole, compared with dogs treated with itraconazole. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results of this study should assist veterinarians with the recognition and management of blastomycosis in dogs. Blastomycosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for large-breed dogs that live close to a body of water in areas in which the disease is endemic or in dogs with a history of being transported to endemic areas that subsequently develop signs of pulmonary, ocular, lymphatic, or cutaneous disease. Treatment with itraconazole was as effective as treatment with a combination of amphotericin B and ketoconazole.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1998

Hypernatremia and hypertonic syndromes.

Hypernatremia is the most common cause of hypertonicity in small animal medicine. Despite this fact, severe hypernatremia is an uncommon clinical entity in dogs and cats. The causes of hypernatremia are excessive water loss and increased sodium intake. Clinical signs are most often related to CNS dysfunction. Severe hypernatremia should be considered a life-threatening situation and treated as such. Initial fluid therapy should be given with care according to the rate of onset of hypernatremia, as deterioration of the animal's condition is a common sequela. The determination of the cause of hypernatremia and the treatment can be both challenging and rewarding. The other notable hypertonic syndrome in small animal medicine is hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetes mellitus. Judicious management of this disease with fluid therapy and insulin is the standard therapy. An understanding of the pathophysiology is essential to their diagnosis and appropriate medical management.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Endocrinopathies. Thyroid and adrenal disorders.

This article focuses on common adrenal and thyroid diseases in the geriatric patient consisting of hypothyroidism in the dog, hyperthyroidism in the cat, and hyperadrenocorticism in the dog to include clinical signs, diagnosis, and management. A brief section on hyperadrenocorticism in the cat, thyroid tumors in the dog, and pheochromocytoma in the dog and cat are also included.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1996

Pericardial effusion in a dog with rhabdomyosarcoma in the right ventricular wall.

A seven-year-old male labrador retriever presented in right heart failure with weak femoral pulses, and pleural, abdominal and mild pericardial effusion. No diagnosis could be established initially. Two days later, the dog developed severe pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade. A tumour in the right ventricular wall was visualised on ultrasonographic examination. An exploratory thoracotomy was performed and biopsies of the mass submitted for histopathological examination. A diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the myocardium was established. Cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma has been reported in only two dogs. Neither report was associated with pericardial effusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in the military aviator: an aeromedical perspective.

Refractive surgery to visually rehabilitate refractive errors of the eye continues to evolve at a significant pace and is here to stay. The surgical manipulation of the cornea by carefully planned incisions, as in radial keratotomy, represented the first procedure to evolve for the correction of ametropia and is an area of continued active development and improvement. However, many concerns mitigate against this procedure in the aeromedical arena. More recently, photorefractive keratectomy using laser technology to ablate and recontour the corneal surface has emerged as a viable modality. This paper explores the aeromedical factors surrounding this new revolutionary procedure and discusses the issues relevant to evaluating its applicability to the modern military aviator as well as reviewing results of the latest clinical trials currently in progress. The goal is to provide the aeromedical community with the fundamental information required to formulate aeromedical decisions and policy-making in regard to a new procedure that is certain to have tremendous impact on the selection of future aircrew candidates.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1995

Megakaryoblastic leukemia in a dog.

A 7-year-old spayed Louisiana Catahoula Leopard dog was examined to determine the cause of shifting forelimb lameness, anorexia, and lethargy. The dog was pyrectic and had splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and nonregenerative anemia. Examination of a bone marrow aspirate revealed hypocellularity with normal maturation of erythroid and granulocytic cell lines; however, approximately half of the cells were large undifferentiated blast cells. These cells were identified as megakaryoblasts, using immunohistochemical techniques to detect reactivity for Factor VIII-related antigen and platelet glycoprotein IIIa. Necropsy revealed diffuse neoplastic involvement of the spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Cellular infiltrate was characterized by a mixture of megakaryoblasts and typical megakaryocytes. Megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7) is the designation proposed by the Animal Leukemia Study Group for myeloproliferative neoplasms of megakaryocytic lineage.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Feline idiopathic hepatic lipidosis.

Feline IHL is a severe hepatopathy that can be treated by aggressive nutritional support. Until the underlying mechanisms of protein and lipid metabolism are understood in both healthy and ill cats, dietary therapy remains supportive. It is likely that the pathogenesis of IHL in cats is multifactorial, involving both increased fatty acid mobilization to the liver and a defect in oxidation of fatty acids or removal of VLDL. It is also possible that individual variation may play a role in the development of this disease in cats undergoing starvation. Continued studies will focus on the unique pathways of hepatic metabolism in the cat, and how these pathways are altered, leading to hepatic lipid accumulation and clinical disease. Hopefully, these studies can be applied to the prevention or treatment of IHL in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Systemic diseases with cutaneous manifestations.

The purpose of this article is to briefly discuss the following cutaneous manifestations of selected systemic diseases: poxvirus; feline leukemia virus (FeLV); feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV); herpesvirus; calcivirus; pseudorabies; plague; tularemia; toxoplasmosis; leishmania; hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism; hyperadrenocorticism; diabetes mellitus; acromegaly; thallium poisoning; pancreatic disease; hypereosinophilic syndrome; mucopolysaccharidosis; and pansteatitis. Recognition of these cutaneous signs may help alert the clinician to the possibility of an internal disorder so that the appropriate diagnostic tests can be considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Hepatic encephalopathy: clinical signs, pathogenesis, and treatment.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a metabolic encephalopathy that is completely reversible if treated early and appropriately. It is seen most commonly in dogs and cats with portosystemic portal hypertension. Antibiotics, lactulose, and dietary manipulation should be initiated as soon as hepatic encephalopathy is suspected. The prognosis of hepatic encephalopathy is complex and is not completely understood.

Animals↗