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Biomedical subjects

J Tada

Publications and source records attributed to J Tada.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Relationship between metabolic syndrome components and vascular properties in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease or nephropathy.

To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome (MS) components on early atherosclerosis markers, i.e., urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), we studied 536 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease or nephropathy. The MS definition by ATP III was employed. UAE, PWV, and IMT increased significantly with increasing the number of components even before fulfilling the diagnosis of MS. UAE was significantly influenced by high blood pressure, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol. PWV was significantly increased by high blood pressure. IMT was significantly increased by high blood pressure and abdominal obesity. Multiple regression analysis, including MS components and putative risk factors, indicated that the number of MS components, age and glycosylated HbA1C were independent determinants of UAE, PWV, and IMT. LDL cholesterol and male gender were independent determinants of IMT. In conclusion, UAE, PWV, and IMT increased according to increasing the number of MS in type 2 diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease or diabetic nephropathy. The current observation considering the modifiable factors may help to identify patients who are at high risk of experiencing cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Induction of C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P component, and kininogens in the submandibular and lacrimal glands of rats with experimentally induced inflammation.

The mRNAs for acute-phase proteins and kininogens were found to be increased in the submandibular gland (SMG) and extraorbital and intraorbital lacrimal gland (ELG and ILG) in response to experimentally induced inflammation in rats; i.e., 24 hours after subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil, mRNAs for C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid P component (SAP), and H- and T-kininogens were induced in the SMG, ELG, and ILG of rats, whereas these mRNAs were not detected in the same tissues of normal control rats. The induction of mRNAs for these inflammatory proteins by turpentine oil was preceded by a transient increase in the level of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) at 6 hours after subcutaneous injection of the oil. This was confirmed by injection of another inflammation inducer, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induced the TNF-alpha mRNA in the same way at 6 hours as turpentine oil did. The up-regulation of acute-phase proteins including kininogens in the SMG, ELG, and ILG suggest the existence of a strict defense system in the exocrine glands.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Thyroid gland tumour, pemphigus foliaceus and myasthenia gravis in the daughter of a woman with myasthenia gravis.

We describe a rare case of pemphigus foliaceus associated with familial myasthenia gravis (MG). A 35-year-old woman developed MG during oral corticosteroid treatment for pemphigus foliaceus. She had been operated on for a thyroid gland tumour that was confirmed histopathologically to be papillary carcinoma without metastasis. At the time of treatment, her mother had had MG for 30 years and undergone thymectomy 22 years ago. A specific ELISA technique showed that antidesmoglein 1 antibody was present in the daughter. There are many reports of multiple diseases such as pemphigus, thymoma, malignancy, and other autoimmune diseases associated with MG. However, familial MG following pemphigus foliaceus has not been reported previously.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Allergic contact dermatitis from a pyridine derivative in polyvinyl chloride leather.

Antimicrobial coating of household products has gained wide acceptance in Japan in the past several years. Pyridine derivatives, used as antifungal or antibacterial agents in many common products, are known to cause contact dermatitis. We present a case of severe contact dermatitis caused by a pyridine derivative used as an antifungal agent in the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) leather of a chair. An open patch test was performed with each ingredient of the PVC leather. Other products were previously eliminated from consideration based on a series of negative patch tests. The PVC leather obtained from the patient's chair gave a ++ reaction with evident blistering, according to the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group standard. Fifteen ingredients of the PVC leather were open patch tested; a positive reaction was found with 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4 (methylsulphonyl) pyridine (1% in petrolatum). Clinicians should be aware that antifungal or antibacterial agents may be increasingly incorporated into common household products and should be suspected in cases of contact dermatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Highly regulated expression of subtilisin-like proprotein convertase PACE4 (SPC4) during dentinogenesis.

Expressions of mRNAs for four subtilisin-like proprotein convertases (SPCs: furin, PACE4, PC6, and PC8) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in the rat molar tooth during development were analyzed by Northern blotting, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and in situ hybridization to explore the possible involvement of SPCs in the processing of proBMPs. We found a temporospacial expression of PACE4, but not one of the other SPCs, in this tissue; i.e., RT-PCR analysis revealed that the level of PACE4 mRNA, but not that of the other SPC mRNAs became high around the second postnatal day. This increase was in good accordance with the increase in BMP4 mRNA, indicating an apparent association of these molecules with the differentiation and establishment of functional ameloblasts and odontoblasts. During dentinogenesis, PACE4 mRNA was localized in the ameloblasts and odontoblasts. These observations suggest that PACE4 plays a crucial role in dentinogenesis, especially via the activation of BMPs.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Adherence characteristics and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from skin infections and atopic dermatitis.

We examined the adherence characteristics and susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents of 130 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from infective skin lesions and 135 strains of S. aureus isolated from non-infective eczematous lesions of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. The isolation rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 27.7% in strains from clinical sources excluding AD and 31.1% in those from AD. Coagulase type II strains were most frequently observed in MRSA strains isolated from all sources excluding AD, and coagulase type III strains were most frequently observed in those isolated from AD. We proposed that antimicrobial treatment for AD patients should be carefully designed to prevent MRSA infection. Plasma coagulation ability was lowest in S. aureus strains isolated from abscesses, suggesting that the lower production of fibrin observed in abscesses may assist the infiltration of neutrophils into skin tissues and that a decrease in plasma coagulation ability may enable abscess formation. Adherence to polypropylene tubes with slime production was most evident in S. aureus strains isolated from felon and least evident in those isolated from cellulitis and lymphangitis. Tube adherence was characteristic of the S. aureus strains attached to superficial skin tissues, but not necessarily for strains that had infiltrated the deep skin tissues. Fusidic acid demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against the MRSA strains, but rifampicin was the strongest antimicrobial agent.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Antimicrobial effects of acidic hot-spring water on Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from atopic dermatitis patients.

The present study examined the antimicrobial effects of acidic hot-spring water on Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Plasma coagulation by S. aureus cells was not detected in plasma containing acidic hot-spring water (60%, pH 5.4) or hydrochloric acid (pH 5.0) after incubation for 24 h. S. aureus cells did not grow in Mueller-Hinton broth with acidic hot-spring water (50%, pH 4.4) after 24 h incubation. The colony counts of S. aureus cells in tryptic soy broth containing acidic hot-spring water (60%, pH 3.9) were over ten times lower than those in tryptic soy broth alone after incubation for 24 h (P<0.01). A membranous structure (an immature biofilm) was formed on the coverslips of tissue culture dishes by S. aureus cells in plasma after incubation for 24 h, although the colony counts of S. aureus cells in the immature biofilms in plasma containing acidic hot-spring water (60%, pH 5.4) were about eight times lower than those in plasma alone after incubation for 24 h (P<0.01). The colony counts of S. aureus cells that attached on coverslips in plasma containing acidic hot-spring water (60%, pH 5.4) or hydrochloric acid (pH 5.4) were over 1000 times lower than those in plasma alone after incubation for 24 h. These results suggest that 50% acidic hot-spring water has a bacteriostatic effect, 60% acidic hot-spring water has a moderate bactericidal effect against floating S. aureus cells and those cells in a biofilm, and, 60% acidic hot-spring water has an inhibitory effect on plasma coagulation and attachment of S. aureus cells. Furthermore, our present results suggest that a small amount of some ions in hot-spring water such as manganese and iodide ions are very important for a bactericidal activity of hot-spring water as well as the low pH condition.

Acids↗
PubMed2000

The production of superantigenic exotoxins by coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from human skin lesions.

We examined the production of superantigenic exotoxins in 136 coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from various skin lesions in humans using a reversed passive latex agglutination test (Denka Seiken). As a control we examined the same in 50 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from non-infective skin ulcers in humans. Of the 136 strains of coagulase negative-staphylococci, 9 (6.6%) produced one or more identifiable exotoxins. In contrast, 21 (42%) out of the 50 S. aureus strains produced one or more identifiable exotoxins (P<0.01).

Coagulase↗
PubMed2000

Expression of kininogens in the connective tissue-type mast cells of the rat.

The connective tissue-type mast cells present in the submandibular gland (SMG) and peritoneal cavity of rats were found to express kininogens (KGs), the expression of which was demonstrated by Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), RT-PCR Southern blotting, and light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry. In the SMG, the analysis of cDNA amplified by RT-PCR revealed that the molecular species of mRNAs expressed were high-molecular-weight (HMW)-K KG and T-I KG. Light microscopic immunocytochemistry exclusively localized the KG protein(s) in the mast cells present in the SMG. The signals in the mast cells were very strong, but no positive reaction was observed in the granular convoluted tubular cells, acinar cells or striated duct cells. As determined by using electron microscopy, extremely strong labelling with immunogold was observed in the secretory granules of the mast cells, but no labelling in their nucleus or cytoplasm. Analysis by Western blotting and RT-PCR Southern blotting indicated that both protein and mRNA of KGs were present in the mast cells separated from the peritoneal cavity, indicating de novo synthesis of KG in these cells. Preliminary experiments implied that the connective tissue-type mast cells in other rat tissues also expressed KG.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

High-resolution imaging of coronary calcifications by intense low-energy fluoroscopic X-ray obtained from synchrotron radiation.

PURPOSE: To obtain an intense monochromatic low-energy X-ray from synchrotron radiation (SR) and apply it to detect coronary calcifications. METHODS AND RESULTS: The SR beam was reflected with a silicon crystal to be expanded (150 mm in height and 80 mm in width) and to be monochromatized at an energy level of 37 keV. The X-ray was intermittently irradiated to obtain dynamic imaging of 30 images/s. Images were recorded by a digital fluorography system. The low-energy X-ray from SR sharply visualized calcification of coronary arteries, while conventional X-ray could not visualize coronary calcification. CONCLUSION: The intense monochromatic low-energy X-ray from SR is sensitive, has high-resolution for imaging coronary calcification and may serve as a screening method for coronary artery disease.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1999

Involvement of vesicle-cytoskeleton interaction in AQP5 trafficking in AQP5-gene-transfected HSG cells.

A cDNA of rat aquaporin 5 (AQP5) was used to transfect to HSG (human salivary gland cells), and the trafficking mechanism was studied in vitro by confocal laser microscopy. The trafficking of AQP5 to the plasma membrane was induced by stimulation of AQP5-gene-transfected human salivary gland cells (HSGAQP5 cells) with thapsigargin, an inhibitor of endoplasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase, and or with A-23187, a calcium ionophore. Pretreatment of these cells with colchicine or vinblastine, microtubule inhibitors, prevented the trafficking induced by thapsigargin or A-23187. The trafficking event was not completely inhibited by cytochalasin B, a microfilament inhibitor. These results demonstrate that the trafficking of AQP5 vesicles to the plasma membrane is triggered by an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) and that the interaction of AQP5-containing vesicles with the cytoskeleton is involved in this trafficking.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

A common signaling pathway via Syk and Lyn tyrosine kinases generated from capping of the sialomucins CD34 and CD43 in immature hematopoietic cells.

The sialomucin CD34 is a useful marker for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. However, the role of CD34 remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the functions of CD34 and another sialomucin CD43 coexpressed on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Stimulation of undifferentiated hematopoietic KG1a cells with anti-CD34 or anti-CD43 induced homotypic cytoadhesion, accompanied by formation of a long-lived cap of CD34 and CD43 respectively, which colocalized with F-actin. Stimulation with either antibody specifically increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the identical set of proteins of Lyn, Syk, pp60, pp69, and pp77 at the capping site. These events were similar to those observed in monocytic U937 cells ectopically expressing CD34. After stimulation of KG1a cells, coimmunoprecipitation of Lyn with pp69 and pp77 and of Syk with pp37 was detected in the membrane fraction. Blockade of antibody-induced cap formation by treatment with cytochalasin D leads to inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk and pp77 and homotypic cytoadhesion. Moreover, normal human CD34(+) bone marrow cells showed cap formation of CD34 or CD43 after stimulation. These results suggest that crosslinking of either CD34 or CD43 activates the same signaling pathway for cytoadhesion through Lyn, Syk, and the novel tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins within hematopoiesis.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1999

In vitro hematopoietic and endothelial cell development from cells expressing TEK receptor in murine aorta-gonad-mesonephros region.

Recent studies have shown that long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first appear in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Our immunohistochemistry study showed that TEK+ cells existed in the AGM region. Approximately 5% of AGM cells were TEK+, and most of these were CD34(+) and c-Kit+. We then established a coculture system of AGM cells using a stromal cell line, OP9, which is deficient in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). With this system, we showed that AGM cells at 10.5 days postcoitum (dpc) differentiated and proliferated into both hematopoietic and endothelial cells. Proliferating hematopoietic cells contained a significant number of colony-forming cells in culture (CFU-C) and in spleen (CFU-S). Among primary AGM cells at 10.5 dpc, sorted TEK+ AGM cells generated hematopoietic cells and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1(+) endothelial cells on the OP9 stromal layer, while TEK- cells did not. When a ligand for TEK, angiopoietin-1, was added to the single-cell culture of AGM, endothelial cell growth was detected in the wells where hematopoietic colonies grew. Although the incidence was still low (1/135), we showed that single TEK+ cells generated hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells simultaneously, using a single-cell deposition system. This in vitro coculture system shows that the TEK+ fraction of primary AGM cells is a candidate for hemangioblasts, which can differentiate into both hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Subtilisin-like proprotein convertase PACE4 (SPC4) is a candidate processing enzyme of bone morphogenetic proteins during tooth formation.

The temporospatial expression of PACE4, a member of the mammalian subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, in the developing rat molar tooth was determined by in situ hybridization. At the initiation stage of tooth development, PACE4 mRNA was weakly expressed in the dental lamina, whereas the mesenchymal cells intensely expressed the PACE4 transcript. At the bud stage, high-level expression of PACE4 mRNA was found in the dental epithelium and condensed dental mesenchyme. Its expression became more localized in the differentiating ameloblasts during cap and early bell stages. In the newborn rats, PACE4 mRNA was localized in the ameloblasts and odontoblasts, but its expression became weaker with advancing development, showing apparent association with the differentiation and establishment of functional ameloblasts and odontoblasts. These expression patterns of PACE4 were very similar to those of several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) reported previously. Because BMPs, which are primarily involved in the morphogenesis in tooth formation, are synthesized as inactive precursors and activated by limited proteolysis at the consensus Arg-X-X-Arg maturation site, the present observations suggest that PACE4 is possibly a candidate proBMP convertase that acts during tooth formation.

Ameloblasts↗
PubMed1999

Streptococci isolated from various skin lesions: the interaction with Staphylococcus aureus strains.

We isolated 73 streptococcus strains (41 from infections, and 32 from colonization) from various skin diseases between March, 1994, and June, 1998. In 29 out of 41 cases of infective origin, Staphylococcus aureus strains were simultaneously isolated. Twenty-four out of 28 patients with impetigo were suffering from atopic dermatitis. We confirmed that impetigo lesions where Streptococcus pyogenes was dominant in number always showed thick-walled pustules on an erythematous base; these skin lesions were considered to be an early manifestation of streptococcal impetigo. We further confirmed that thick-crusted lesions in streptococcal impetigo, where S. aureus exceeded S. pyogenes in number, were a late manifestation. Antimicrobial agents such as minocycline, fusidic acid, ofloxacin and tosufloxacin, were more effective against S. aureus strains than against beta-hemolytic streptococcal strains. In contrast, ampicillin, cefdinir, imipenem, erythromycin and vancomycin were more effective against beta-hemolytic streptococcal strains.

Ampicillin↗