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Biomedical subjects

J Tanabe

Publications and source records attributed to J Tanabe.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Nontoxic concentration of ceftazidime and flomoxef sodium for intravitreal use--evaluated by in-vitro ERG.

The effects of ceftazidime (CAZ) and flomoxef sodium (FMOX) on the in-vitro electroretinogram (ERG) of albino rabbits were studied. The a-wave, the b-wave and the oscillatory potential (OP) were unchanged by 0.3mM (0.19mg/ml) CAZ-containing solution. The OP was suppressed by 0.5mM (0.32mg/ml) CAZ. The a-wave, the b-wave and the OP were unchanged by 0.5mM (0.26mg/ml) FMOX. The OP was suppressed and its peak latency was delayed by 2mM (0.52mg/ml) FMOX. The concentration of 0.3mM (0.19mg/ml) CAZ was higher than its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Propionibacterium acnes. The concentration of 0.5mM (0.26mg/ml) FMOX was higher than its MIC against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens and Propionibacterium acnes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Electroretinographical changes due to antimicrobials.

We evaluated the retinal toxicity of antimicrobials (sulbenicillin, cefazolin, flomoxef, gentamicin, sisomicin, netilmicin, tobramycin, amikacin, vancomycin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and miconazole) by the electroretinogram, before and after a single-shot intravitreal injection in rabbits. The clinical dosage for single-shot intravitreal injections which we recommend are 2 mg for sulbenicillin, 0.25 mg for cefazolin, 0.2 to 0.4 mg for flomoxef, 0.1 mg for gentamicin, 0.1 to 0.2 mg for netilmicin, 0.2 to 0.4 mg for amikacin, 0.2 mg for tobramycin, 1 mg for vancomycin, 0.2 mg for ofloxacin, 0.2 mg for lomefloxacin, and 0.05 mg for miconazole.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1990

[Four cases of simultaneous discovery of familial tuberculous infection].

Index case is a 17-year-old boy who was admitted to our hospital with pleurisy and a minimal pulmonary lesion, and tubercle bacilli were recovered from pleural fluid. A diagnosis of primary tuberculosis was made based on the onset by pleurisy and the existence of hilar and mediastinal lymph node swelling. On the same day, a 76-year-old man, grandfather of the index case was admitted for precise examination of suspected extensive pneumonia. Tubercle bacilli were also isolated from the pus of infected bulla obtained by puncture. Neither of these two cases, however, seemed to be the source of the familial tuberculous infection because of such sudden onset of the disease as pleurisy and pneumonia. Two months later, a 46-year-old man, father of the index case was examined at our hospital. He was considered to be the source of the familial infection because he was diagnosed as tuberculosis with positive smear and a thick wall cavity (3.2 cm in diameter) on the left apex, and abnormal shadow was detected on his chest X-ray already two years ago. The fourth case was a mother of the index case, and wife of the third case, whose chest radiography revealed an infiltrative shadow on the right apex by a family contacts examination. Though tubercle bacilli were not isolated from her sputum, pulmonary lesions considered to be tuberculosis due to their typical location and nature, a positive PPD skin test, and the response to antituberculous drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Malignant lymphoma diagnosed by the pericardial biopsy].

The biopsy findings of malignant lymphoma involving the pericardium in a 69-year-old male were reported. The initial presenting symptoms were heart failure followed by rapidly progressive complete heart block. Pacemaker was inserted. Chest roentgenogram showed a marked left pleural effusion. An echocardiogram demonstrated pericardial fluid. The diagnosis of lymphoma was suggested by gallium isotope study with markedly increased isotope uptake in heart, and was subsequently confirmed by pericardial biopsy. After chemotherapy the pleural effusion was decreased and the uptake of gallium disappeared. While the diagnosis of cardiac involved lymphoma was hard antemortem, experience in this case suggests that gallium isotope study and pericardial biopsy are helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of fluconazole in patients with mycotic infection].

Fluconazole, a triazole antifungal agent newly developed by Pfizer Inc.. was given orally to 4 patients with deep mycosis. Fluconazole was markedly effective against septicemia due to Candida and oral candidiasis accompanied with lingual ulcer in spite of seriousness of these underlying disease. In 2 patients with aspergilloma, eradication or contraction of fungus ball was observed and the drug was judged to be effective. In vitro MICs of fluconazole against clinically isolated Aspergillus spp. were much higher than its serum levels leaving a large discrepancy between in vitro activity and clinical efficacy. Although the dosage was 100-300 mg daily for 8 days to 6 months, neither adverse reactions nor laboratory parameter abnormalities were observed. The above results suggest that fluconazole is a useful agent in the treatment of fungal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Focal brain ischemia in the rat: methods for reproducible neocortical infarction using tandem occlusion of the distal middle cerebral and ipsilateral common carotid arteries.

This article describes a 3-year experience with focal neocortical ischemia in three rat strains. Multiple groups of adult Wistar (n = 50), Fisher 344 (n = 31), and spontaneously hypertensive (n = 72) rats were subjected to permanent occlusion of the distal middle cerebral (MCA) and ipsilateral common carotid arteries (CCA). Twenty-four hours later the animals were killed, and frozen brain sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to demarcate infarcted tissue. The infarct volume for each section was quantified with an image analyzer, and the total infarct volume was calculated with an iterative program that summed all interval volumes. Neocortical infarct volume was the largest and most reproducible in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Statistical power analysis to project the numbers of animals necessary to detect a 25 or 50% change in infarct volume with alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.2 revealed that only the SHR model was practical in terms of requisite animals: i.e., less than 10 animals per group. Tandem occlusion of the distal MCA and ipsilateral CCA in the SHR strain provides a surgically simple method for causing large neocortical infarcts with reproducible topography and volume. The interanimal variability in infarct volume that occurs even in the SHR strain dictates that randomized, concomitant controls are necessary in each study to ensure the accurate assessment of experimental manipulations or pharmacologic therapies.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Degradation kinetics and mechanisms of a new cephalosporin, cefixime, in aqueous solution.

Hydrolysis of cefixime in buffer solutions (pH 1-9) at 25 degrees C and a constant ionic strength of 0.3 was investigated using ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC. Hydrolysis rates followed pseudo first-order kinetics; the rate of hydrolysis of cefixime was very slow at pH 4-7, slightly faster at lower pH, and quite rapid at higher pH. In the early stages of hydrolysis, six major degradation products were isolated and identified: a beta-lactam ring-opened product and a 7-epimer (basic conditions), three lactones derived from intramolecular cyclization between the 2-carboxyl and 3-vinyl groups (acidic conditions), and an aldehyde derivative involving a 7-acyl moiety (neutral conditions). Principal degradation pathways for cefixime were found to involve initial cleavage of the beta-lactam ring.

Cefixime↗
PubMed1987

Electrophysiological study of the pigmentfarbenamblyopie.

The spectral sensitivity of the rapid off-response in the electroretinogram is found to be abnormal in some cases of Pigmentfarbenamblyopie or congenital red-green color deficiency. We hypothesize that there exists a fragile cone mechanism in these cases which show an abnormality in spectral sensitivity of the rapid off-response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Spectral characteristics of early receptor potential in congenital red-green color blindness.

The spectral response curve (amplitude versus wavelength) of the R2 of the early receptor potential (ERP) was studied in normal, protan, and deutan subjects. The R2 amplitude peaked at 520 nm in most normal subjects. The R2 at long wavelengths was smaller than normal in protans and larger than normal in deutans when the maximum amplitudes were normalized to 100% at the peak. The ratio of the R2 amplitude at 460 nm to that at 600 nm clearly differed between protans and deutans. The ERP and the rapid off-response, which is mainly due to the cessation of the late receptor potential, were recorded in the same subjects. The ratio of the sensitivity of the rapid off-response at 500 nm to that at 600 nm was correlated with the ratio of the R2 amplitude at 460 nm to that at 600 nm (correlation coefficient, 0.823, p less than 0.001). This study, in conjunction with our previous study, indicates that the abnormality is in the outer segments of the cones in protans and deutans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Studies on the effects of primary therapy for DIC following circulatory arrest.

Comparative studies in early treatment for DIC caused by circulatory arrest were carried out on three groups of dogs during 300 min from the recovery of circulatory arrest: a heparin group, a FOY (gabexate mesilate) group, and a FUT-175 (nafamostat mesilate) group. The parameters employed were platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), fibrinogen, antithrombin-III (AT-III), and fibrin or fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). In the heparin group, there was less of a drop in the platelet count and the level of AT-III than in the control group, but the FDP levels were the same as in the control group. The PT and APTT remained within normal limits in the FOY group and no decrease was observed in either platelet count or AT-III levels. In addition, FDP levels were kept within normal limits. In the FUT-175 group, prolongation of APTT, no decline in the platelet count and AT-III levels, and normal levels of FDP were observed. The results of these experiments indicate the importance of early treatment for DIC. Judging from the parameters, better results were obtained in the FOY and FUT-175 group than in the heparin group.

Animals↗