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Biomedical subjects

J Tenovuo

Publications and source records attributed to J Tenovuo.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Salivary defense mechanisms in juvenile periodontitis.

The local, saliva-associated defense mechanisms of 28 juvenile periodontitis (JP) patients and their age- and sex-matched controls were studied. Lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, and thiocyanate concentrations were determined from both whole saliva and parotid saliva. The total concentrations of salivary IgA, IgG, and IgM were assayed. The periodontal condition and the salivary flow rates were registered. Among the JP patients, a significantly elevated concentration of IgG was found in parotid saliva but not in whole saliva. Salivary peroxidase activities were significantly low both in the whole and in the parotid saliva samples of the JP patients, and leukocyte-derived myeloperoxidase was present in significantly low amounts in whole saliva of these patients. Because both glandular (salivary peroxidase) and polymorphonuclear-cell-derived (myeloperoxidase) enzyme activities were low among the JP patients, suppressed peroxidase-mediated host defense mechanisms could be characteristic of JP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Crevicular fluid myeloperoxidase--an indicator of acute gingival inflammation.

Paper strips inserted into 100 gingival sulci or periodontal pockets in 9 patients for 3 minutes in each case were assayed for polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte-derived myeloperoxidase (MP) activity. This activity was then analysed in relation to the simultaneously recorded gingival index, probing depth and bleeding on probing. MP activity was always very low if the gingiva was clinically healthy, with no bleeding or signs of loss of attachment. However, sites at which the marginal gingiva was inflamed and bleeding and/or the pocket depth was greater than or equal to 6 mm exhibited MP activities ranging from very low to very high. The wide variation most likely reflects differing numbers of PMN cells in these crevices and is, therefore, probably indicative of acute or chronic periodontal disease at any particular site. The assays of the paper strips resulted in values linear with respect to the actual concentrations of purified, PMN cell-derived MP in the strips. Our method is a relatively simple way to quantitate the products of PMN cells at a single periodontal site and, in this way, to possibly identify the acute phases of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of chlorhexidine-sodium fluoride gel applied by tray or by toothbrush on salivary mutans streptococci.

A chlorhexidine (1%)-sodium fluoride (0.2%) gel applied using a dental tray six times during two consecutive days significantly decreased salivary levels of mutans streptococci but had only a slight effect on salivary levels of lactobacilli. The same gel used as a dentifrice for one week (twice a day) also significantly reduced salivary levels of mutans streptococci. However, this treatment was somewhat less effective than that using trays, on the basis of the ratio of mutans streptococci to total aerobes. With both treatments baseline salivary levels of mutans streptococci were re-attained after 70 days. One day after the gel treatment, mutans streptococci were unable to adhere to plastic strips (Dentocult SM Strip mutans) but detectable growth was found on mitis-salivarius-bacitracin agar. This suggests that not only are numbers of mutans streptococci reduced after chlorhexidine-sodium fluoride gel treatment but also mutans streptococci adherence.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

Oral biochemical status and depression of Streptococcus mutans in children during 24- to 36-month use of xylitol chewing gum.

Plaque and whole saliva samples were collected from initially 11- to 12-year-old children randomly chosen from two groups which participated in a 2- to 3-year field trial designed to test the efficacy of xylitol chewing gums in caries prevention. No initial differences were observed between the groups with regard to the plaque levels of Streptococcus mutans, but at the end of the 2-year xylitol gum regimen, the levels were smaller (p less than 0.05) in children using xylitol gum than in control children. In a similar follow-up study on children who were considered to be at high risk with regard to dental caries and who continued the study over a 3rd year, the xylitol-consuming subjects showed at the end of the study significantly smaller (p less than 0.004) salivary S. mutans counts than the control children. These effects were achieved after using up to 3 xylitol gums/day (daily xylitol dose per child was 7-10 g). Salivary flow rate and several salivary chemical parameters did not change.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Antimicrobial factors in whole saliva of human infants: a longitudinal study.

Because early childhood is an important period for the colonization of bacteria in the primary dentition, it is possible that antimicrobial factors in saliva may modify these early events. In this study we have followed longitudinally 33 children from predentate to dentate phase and analyzed whole saliva for such salivary factors as lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, thiocyanate, hypothiocyanite, total IgA, IgG, IgM, and total protein. Children's saliva samples were compared with those from an adult reference group whose samples were collected and analyzed in an identical way. It was observed that salivary thiocyanate and IgG increased and salivary peroxidase decreased significantly from predentate to dentate phase. The other parameters remained unchanged. Children in predentate phase already had reached adult levels of hypothiocyanite and IgM, whereas all the other components were found in significantly lower amounts in children's saliva than in adult saliva. Salivary myeloperoxidase assay is interfered by the thiocyanate ions, and the observed increase in salivary "myeloperoxidase" activity may be due to the simultaneous increase in salivary thiocyanate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Pregnancy-related changes in human whole saliva.

Flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, viscosity, sialic acid, selected proteins (amylase, lysozyme, peroxidase, lactoferrin) and anions (thiocyanate, hypothiocyanite) were analysed in paraffin-stimulated whole saliva of 16 women during the three trimesters of pregnancy and post partum. Salivary pH and buffer capacity decreased towards late pregnancy, followed by a rapid and significant (p less than 0.01) increase after delivery. The specific activity of salivary peroxidase increased significantly (p less than 0.05) during the third trimester, thus supporting the concept of oestrogen-dependency of this enzyme. None of the other parameters changed significantly during pregnancy or lactation. The results suggest that the composition of human saliva is influenced by female sex steroids during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Antibodies to the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans and the development of caries in children in relation to maternal dental treatment during pregnancy.

These factors were studied in 50 children, aged 3.6 to 5.9 years. Children of mothers who had no dental treatment during pregnancy (NTP-group, n = 25) had significantly (p less than 0.02) more serum IgG antibodies reactive with Strep. mutans than those of mothers who received such treatment (TP-group, n = 25). The children in the NTP-group had fewer Strep. mutans, a higher proportion of intact dentitions, lower dmfs/DS-index and lower caries incidence than those in the TP-group. Over one year of follow-up, a significantly greater proportion of children in the TP- than in the NTP-group developed new caries (p less than 0.05). Thus, maternal dental treatment during pregnancy may affect caries development in the primary dentition of the child, possibly via transplacental immune mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of a beta-blocking agent, timolol maleate, on saliva in healthy volunteers.

The effects of timolol maleate on the secretion and composition of human saliva were studied in vivo. Eight healthy volunteers received orally 10 mg timolol maleate. Stimulated parotid saliva samples, resting whole saliva samples, and blood samples were collected immediately before and four times after the drug intake at intervals of 1 h. The levels of total protein, lysozyme, IgA, IgG and IgM, salivary peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, amylase, thiocyanate (SCN-), and hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) were analyzed from saliva samples. Drug levels were measured both from parotid saliva and blood samples. Results were compared to the analyses of the samples collected in a similar way but without administration of any drugs. Decreased levels of total protein, lactoferrin, amylase, and salivary peroxidase were observed in parotid saliva after a single oral dose of timolol maleate. No such decrease was found in lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, SCN-, OSCN-, or immunoglobulins. Salivary flow rate was not significantly changed after drug intake. The results suggest that the beta-blocking drug may cause qualitative changes in the composition of saliva by inhibiting the synthesis and/or release of acinar proteins.

Amylases↗
PubMed1988

Antimicrobial systems of human whole saliva in relation to dental caries, cariogenic bacteria, and gingival inflammation in young adults.

The association of salivary antibody (total IgA, IgG, and IgM and antibodies reactive with Streptococcus mutans) and non-antibody (lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, hypothiocyanite, thiocyanate) defense factors with oral health (past and present dental caries, gingival bleeding, the number of salivary S. mutans and lactobacilli) were studied in 50 naval recruits. Dental caries was significantly associated with large amounts of S. mutans, lactobacilli, and total salivary immunoglobulins and with low salivary flow rate and buffer capacity. Salivary anti-S. mutans antibodies did not correlate with dental caries or S. mutans levels. Moreover, none of the salivary non-antibody factors alone had any strong relationship to dental caries or S. mutans levels. Gingival inflammation was associated with elevated levels of lysozyme in whole saliva. It is concluded that in adults the associations between single-point measurements of most salivary antimicrobial constituents and the factors describing oral health are weak.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Increased dental caries activity in pre-school children with low baseline levels of serum IgG antibodies against the bacterial species Streptococcus mutans.

The caries increment was followed for two years in 33 children, aged 2.6-4.9 years at the start of the investigation. This was analysed in relation to Streptococcus mutans counts in dental plaque and serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies against Strep. mutans 10449 (serotype c). Furthermore, related factors, sugar, fluoride consumption and oral hygiene, were analysed. Large numbers of Strep. mutans in dental plaque were significantly associated with high caries incidence. Children with dental caries at the first examination and an increasing incidence of caries throughout the study period had significantly lower serum IgG antibodies against Strep. mutans (p = 0.006) than those whose caries activity was decreasing or who were caries-free at the beginning of the follow-up. The protective effect of specific serum IgG antibodies was most pronounced on the approximal surfaces of deciduous molars. Specific IgA or IgM antibodies were not associated with the development of caries.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

Immunoglobulins and innate factors of immunity in saliva of children prone to respiratory infections.

Serum and salivary total IgA, IgG and IgM as well as salivary innate non-immunoglobulin antimicrobial factors (lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary and leukocyte peroxidase systems) were measured in 13 children prone to recurrent respiratory infections and compared to their age-matched healthy controls. Serum IgG and IgM levels were significantly elevated and salivary IgA remarkably low in infection-prone children as compared to the controls. However, the levels of secretory piece-bearing IgA were about the same in both groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in serum IgA levels or in any of the non-immunoglobulin factors. The results indicate that low salivary IgA is associated with recurrent respiratory infections.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Antimicrobial factors in saliva: ontogeny and relation to oral health.

Antimicrobial agents (antibody and non-antibody) present in human saliva protect oral tissues by a variety of mechanisms, such as prevention of bacterial adhesion, agglutination of micro-organisms, and inhibition of multiplication and metabolism. However, studies in which the concentrations of various salivary antimicrobial agents have been correlated to the presence and severity of oral diseases--of dental caries, in particular--have produced controversial data, and it seems evident, also on the basis of the present study, that no single salivary antimicrobial factor (except flow rate) affects oral health to a significant degree. In the present study, we report the levels of some selected salivary antimicrobial agents in predentate and dentate human infants, with a comparison to the levels found in young adults' saliva. Salivary lysozyme, peroxidase, and hypothiocyanite concentrations were already at the adult level at the time when the primary teeth erupt, whereas immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM), lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, and thiocyanate concentrations were significantly lower in children than in adults. Dentate children had more IgG, thiocyanate, and protein in whole saliva than did predentate children.

Adult↗