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Biomedical subjects

J Testart

Publications and source records attributed to J Testart.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Failure to infect embryos after virus injection in mouse zygotes.

BACKGROUND: The intracytoplasmic injection of sperm raises the problem that viral elements may be transported into the oocyte by the spermatozoon or the surrounding medium. It also raises questions about how the developing zygote will behave. METHODS: We used the murine model to microinject murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) into the zygote ooplasm and followed the changes in these microinjected zygotes in vivo and in vitro over time. RESULTS: 80% of zygotes microinjected with viral suspension, and 80% injected with medium alone, survived. Although MCMV DNA was detected in 56% of injected embryos, up until the blastocyst stage, the mice born from these injected zygotes developed normally and did not contain MCMV DNA. When embryonic stem cells were co-incubated with MCMV and then transferred into healthy blastocysts, the offspring were normal and did not contain any MCMV DNA. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest that even if MCMV DNA persists from the zygote to the blastocyst stage, its presence has no detrimental effect on pre-implantation or post-implantation development.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Experimental inoculation of male mice with murine cytomegalovirus and effect on offspring.

BACKGROUND: Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was used to examine aspects of viral infection in male mice, and its possible transmission to their offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS: FVB/N mice inoculated intratesticularly with 5x10(5) plaque forming units (PFU) of MCMV, developed peritoneal haemorrhagic exudates, spleen hypertrophy and acute local infection. Infectiousness was detected until 15 days post-inoculation (D15 PI) in the genital organs, and virus DNA up to D35 PI. Testicular endothelial and Leydig cells were infected, and peritubular cells severely damaged. Spermatogenesis was affected, but neither germ cells nor Sertoli cells were infected. No virus was found in the epididymal epithelial cells. Viral DNA was detected in cells extracted from vas deferens samples until D15 PI. Neither infectious virus nor viral DNA were found in spermatozoa recovered from uterine fluid, fertilized oocytes, blastocysts, fetal tissues or newborn animals following the mating of infected males with uninfected females. CONCLUSIONS: MCMV harboured in the male genital organs was not transmitted to their offspring, even when mating occurred during the acute phase of CMV disease. Although the infection may have had an impact on spermatogenesis, fertility was not affected. These results do not support the hypothesis of conceptus MCMV infection by the fertilizing spermatozoon in natural conception.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Traumatic subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm: periprocedural salvage of failed stent-graft exclusion using coil embolization.

PURPOSE: To report the exclusion of a subclavian pseudoaneurysm by a combination of covered stent implantation and coil embolization. CASE REPORT: A 30-year-old man presented with a posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm of the left subclavian artery. A covered Jostent was inserted via a percutaneous femoral approach and deployed in the injured subclavian artery. Because of tapering of the artery proximally, apposition of the covered stent to the arterial wall was insufficient, leading to persistent filling of the pseudoaneurysm. Exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm was achieved by coil embolization through a gap between the stent-graft and the arterial wall. CONCLUSIONS: This report illustrates that successful endovascular treatment of a left subclavian pseudoaneurysm may require a combination of catheter-based techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Cecostomy is a useful surgical procedure: study of 113 colonic obstructions caused by cancer.

PURPOSE: There is a large choice of treatment for obstructing carcinoma of the left colon. We report our experience of tube cecostomy as the initial treatment for obstructing colonic carcinoma followed by elective resection. METHODS: From 1975 to 1995, 113 patients presenting with colonic obstruction caused by cancer were initially treated by tube cecostomy. RESULTS: The cecostomy was performed under local anesthesia in 26 cases (23 percent) and general anesthesia in 87 cases (77 percent). In the postoperative period 15 patients died (13 percent) and 26 (23 percent) had wound infection in the area around the cecostomy. A second operation performed on the 98 surviving patients comprised 74 left colonic resections with anastomosis, 9 without anastomosis (Hartmann's operation), 1 right colectomy, 3 total colectomies eliminating the cecostomy, 3 internal bypasses, and 8 proximal lateral colostomies. Surgical closure of the cecostomy was performed during six of the second operations. No deaths occurred from any of the second operations. The cecostomy closed spontaneously in 78 patients (89 percent). In ten cases (11.4 percent) a third operation was performed to close the cecostomy, without mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison our cecostomy results with published studies of proximal diverting loop colostomies for the same indications showed comparable mortality after the first operation. Cecostomy decrease mortality of the second operation. This retrospective study suggests that cecostomy is a useful and less invasive surgical procedure for patients presenting with colonic obstruction caused by cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Acute acalculous cholecystitis following hepatic artery embolism in multiple trauma].

We have reported a case of acute acalculous cholecystitis occurring after hepatic artery embolization in a woman sustaining multiple traumatic injuries. Although many classical factors such as shock, sepsis, transfusion or narcotic administration may be involved in the genesis of gall-bladder necrosis, we have discussed the possible involvement of hepatic artery embolization in the ischaemic process. Indeed, this mechanism has already been reported in non traumatic patient following hepatic tumor chemoembolization.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm. Role of corticosteroid therapy].

For more than 20 years it has been generally acknowledged that operation for inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA) using the common in-lay-graft procedure will induce the regression of peri-aortic fibrosis. However in prospective studies, after a 2 years follow-up, no regression appeared in approximated 8% of the cases (table I). Moreover in some IAAA a corticosteroid treatment (CS) was prescribed and it produced a regression of fibrosis and therefore facilitated the operation. Nevertheless the usefulness of the CS remains debated. We report 4 new cases of IAAA with CS. Based on our cases and an analysis of the literature we conclude that when there is no urgency to operate (diameter inferior to 50 mm) CS is the best option in IAAA with either severe inflammation or ureter involvement. Due to the regression of the fibrosis it can facilitate the surgical procedure. However it needs to be conducted with an adequate dose and duration. Finally the CS is the only possibility when the inflammation persist following the treatment of the IAAA.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1999

Usefulness of video thoracoscopy in the management of spontaneous and postoperation chylothorax.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate indications and results of video thoracoscopy (VATS) in the management of nine chylothorax cases. METHODS: Four spontaneous chylothorax cases were treated by VATS and talc pleurodesis with immediate positive results. Among five postoperation chylothorax cases, two were treated early by VATS and selective lymphatic clipping (VATS group), and three had medical treatment (MT group). RESULTS: Duration of drainage was 4 days for the VATS group versus 15.3 days for MT group. Amount of collected chyle was 2.4 l versus 5.7 l, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that VATS should be considered the treatment of choice for spontaneous chylothorax and could be indicated earlier in postoperation chylothorax.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Prosthetic reinforcement of varicose saphenous vein grafts for infrainguinal bypass.

Use of varicose saphenous veins for infrainguinal bypass is often contraindicated because of the risk of immediate rupture or long-term aneurysm. In this report we describe four cases in which prosthetic reinforcement allowed successful femoropopliteal bypass grafting using highly varicose saphenous veins while preserving normal endothelium. No thrombosis or any other complication was observed after a mean follow-up of 41 months.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Bacterial resistance of refrigerated and cryopreserved aortic allografts in an experimental virulent infection model.

PURPOSE: The bacterial resistance of refrigerated and cryopreserved aortic allografts in a highly virulent infection in a dog model was studied. METHODS: The infrarenal aorta of 12 dogs was replaced with either a cryopreserved aortic allograft (group I, n = 6) or a refrigerated aortic allograft (group II, n = 6) in infected sites. Allografts were harvested from dogs and stored for 1 week, either by cryopreservation (-140 degrees C) or refrigerated method (4 degrees C), in a preservation medium. At the time of implantation, induction of infection was achieved with an infected piece of knitted Dacron placed just beneath the allograft. The Dacron was contaminated in vitro by soaking it in a solution with Staphylococcus aureus PR209. All 12 dogs received no adjunct antibiotic or antithrombotic therapy. Four weeks after implantation, the animals were killed to recover the grafts for bacteriological and histological analyses. Bacterial results were expressed as colony-forming units (CFU)/cm2 of graft material. RESULTS: In group I, only one allograft grew bacteria at 2. 16 x 10(6 )CFU/cm2, with a blood culture positive for S aureus. In group II, one dog died at 3 weeks from a false septic aneurysm rupture, all the allografts were infected (P <.05) with a mean bacterial count of 9.41 +/- 6.8 x 10(4) CFU/cm2, and three blood cultures were positive for S aureus. The patency of the grafts was analyzed at the time of recovery. Three laminar thrombi without occlusion were present in group I; none were present in group II. A better preserved endothelium in group I was revealed by means of histologic analysis staining with factor VIII antibody before implantation. After 4 weeks of implantation in the infected site, infected allografts presented polynuclear infiltrates in the media with a high degree of inflammatory reaction, and endothelial recovery was more significant in group I, with numerous young plump cells. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that cryopreserved allografts implanted in infected sites in a dog model can produce greater bacterial resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Upper jejunal motility after pancreatoduodenectomy according to the type of anastomosis, pancreaticojejunal or pancreaticogastric.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to compare upper jejunal motor patterns after Billroth II pancreatoduodenectomy according to the type of pancreatic anastomosis (pancreaticojejunostomy [PJA] or pancreaticogastrostomy [PGA]) and the presence or absence of postoperative symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Manometric recordings during fasting and after a 750-kcal meal were performed in the afferent limb in 12 patients (7 PJA, 5 PGA) and in the efferent limb in 15 other patients (7 PJA, 8 PGA) with a postoperative delay of 15+/-6 days and 3.9+/-2.2 months respectively. Patient data were compared to those of 20 healthy controls. RESULTS: During fasting, the 2 main abnormal findings were a higher incidence (p < 0.05) and a slower migration velocity (p < 0.01) of incomplete phase III by comparison with that recorded in controls. No difference for phase III was observed between the 2 surgical procedures regardless of recording site. Trimebutine, 100 mg intravenously, induced a phase III in 89% (24 of 27) of the patients. Delay of motor response varied from 5 to 10 minutes without difference between the recording site; it was less than 2 minutes in 100% of controls. Trimebutine-induced phase III showed similar propagation abnormalities to the spontaneous phase III. Duration of the fed pattern (p < 0.001) and motor index (p < 0.001) were significantly lower than in controls after the meal, in both limbs, whatever the type of anastomosis. Differences between the 2 surgical procedures were a slower migration velocity of phase III (p < 0.01) and a lower postmeal motor index (p < 0.05) in the efferent limb after PJA than after PGA. Nine of 27 patients were symptomatic. In these 9 patients, mean phase III migration velocity was slower (p < 0.001), and mean area under the postprandial curve was higher (p < 0.01) than in asymptomatic patients. Propagated clusters of contractions were only found in symptomatic patients and in the afferent limb. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatoduodenectomy is associated with significant motor disturbances, mainly slower phase III and a reduced fed pattern, in the upper jejunum, at least during the first 3 postoperative months. Few motor differences were observed between PGA and PJA pancreatic anastomosis. A lesser occurrence of postsurgical motor anomalies does not appear to be an argument for preferring PGA to PJA.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Flow cytometry isolation and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction characterization of human round spermatids in infertile patients.

Flow cytometry coupled to cell sorting is proposed as a method to isolate round spermatids from testicular biopsies in obstructive azoospermic patients. The cells were separated on the basis of their size and density only. We obtained homogenous populations of alive round spermatids free of lymphocytes and diploid germ cells. The detection of protamine 1 gene (PRM1) and PRM2 expression in the sorted cells proves that these cells are round spermatids. On the contrary, neither the expression of CD3-delta, which is specific to lymphoid cells, nor that of MAGE1, which has been demonstrated in diploid germ cells, could be observed in the round spermatid population even after using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The flow cytometry procedure failed to isolate round spermatids from ejaculates in non-obstructive azoospermic patients. In > 39 ejaculates tested by reverse transcriptase-PCR, only nine revealed the presence of some round spermatids, as demonstrated by the expression of PRM1. However, these round spermatids did not express PRM2.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Flow cytometric method to isolate round spermatids from mouse testis.

The purpose of this study was to isolate pure populations of round spermatids from mouse testis by flow cytometry followed by cell sorting. Cell suspensions from mouse testis were enriched in germ cells by centrifugation on a discontinuous Percoll gradient, then analysed using a FACScalibur flow cytometer measuring the cell size and density. A large and well-delimited population of cells (R1) expected to contain round spermatids was observed on the dot plot diagram. Sorted R1 cells were very homogeneous in size (approximately 11 microns) and displayed the characteristic cytological aspect of round spermatids. Spermatid-specific gene expression was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of R1 cells using primers for protamine 2 gene (PRM2) and SP-10. A positive signal for SP-10 was obtained with a single cell using nested primers. The 5.5 kb transcript of c-kit, which is not expressed in spermatids, was not detected by nested RT-PCR, excluding a contamination with spermatogonia. Our results clearly established that flow cytometry followed by cell sorting allows the isolation of a highly homogeneous population of round spermatids from the testis.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1999

Motility of the Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in asymptomatic patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to describe the motility in the limb, the duodenum, and the jejunum distal to the limb after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in patients who remained asymptomatic postoperatively. Our objective was to obtain reference manometric recordings for interpretion of recordings in symptomatic patients. METHODS: Manometric recordings were obtained in the Roux-en-Y limb in 13 patients 15.6 +/- 1.1 days postoperatively, using a probe inserted into the limb during surgery and coming out through the abdominal wall. The recording openings were positioned in the limb itself in eight patients, and also in the jejunum immediately distal to the limb in five patients. In four of eight patients, limb manometry was combined with duodenal manometry using a second probe introduced nasally. RESULTS: Phase IIIs were recorded in all 13 patients, either spontaneously or after trimebutine stimulation (100 mg i.v.). Phase IIIs occurred spontaneously in 12 patients. They always migrated throughout the Roux-en-Y limb, and were also most often observed in the distal jejunum; migration stopped in the distal jejunum in three of five patients. Phase IIIs in the limb occurred independently from duodenal phase IIIs. In the limbs, the duration of phase IIIs was longer (p < 0.02), and the migration slower than in the duodenum (p < 0.001) and in controls (p < 0.02). In nine of 13 patients, injection of trimebutine (100 mg i.v.) initiated phase III in the Roux limb or in the distal jejunum within 2 min. During the combined recordings, trimebutine initiated phase III simultaneously in the duodenum and in the limb. The response to meals in the limb was poorer than in controls. Interruption of phase IIIs was shorter, and the area under the postprandial curve was smaller (p < 0.01) for each postprandial half-h. Postprandial motility was poorer in the limb than in the distal small bowel (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In asymptomatic patients, interdigestive motility is present in the hepaticojejunostomy Roux-en-Y limb, but it is abnormal because of slow migration of phase IIIs. The second abnormality observed in the limb is a response to meals that is both short and of low amplitude.

Adult↗