Temporomandibular joint dislocation after use of a laryngeal mask airway.
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
J Ting
Publications and source records attributed to J Ting.
Transcriptional coactivator, CIITA, is an acetyltransferase that bypasses a promoter requirement for TAF(II)250.
The CIITA coactivator is essential for transcriptional activation of MHC class II genes and mediates enhanced MHC class I transcription. We now report that CIITA contains an intrinsic acetyltransferase (AT) activity that maps to a region within the N-terminal segment of CIITA, between amino acids 94 and 132. The AT activity is regulated by the C-terminal GTP-binding domain and is stimulated by GTP. CIITA-mediated transactivation depends on the AT activity. Further, we report that, although constitutive MHC class I transcription depends on TAF(II)250, CIITA activates the promoter in the absence of functional TAF(II)250.
Acetyltransferases↗
Medical physicists in developed countries should actively help medical physicists in developing countries.
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Developing Countries↗
Gamma knife radiosurgery for large volume brain tumors: an analysis of acute and chronic toxicity.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery is often used to treat intracranial tumors <4 cm (approximately 13.5 cm3) in mean diameter. Larger lesions are rarely treated because of the expectation that increasing target volume will increase toxicity. We retrospectively analyzed 35 patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors of more than 13.5 cm3 treated with the Gamma Knife. Only 3 (8.5%) patients developed acute clinical toxicity. Nine (25%) patients developed post-Gamma Knife radionecrosis based on imaging studies, with only 3 of these patients (9% of the study population) having clinical progression of symptoms. Necrosis was not found to be related to prescribed dose, treatment volume or number of treated isocenters. We found no undue toxicity from the treatment of large brain tumors with the Gamma Knife.
Acute Disease↗
Dose volume histogram analysis of the gamma knife radiosurgery treating twenty-five metastatic intracranial tumors.
Treating multiple brain metastatic sites in Gamma Knife radiosurgery is not uncommon. Most metastases can be treated with few or even one single shot. Occasionally we have patients returning for retreatment for different intracranial metastatic sites at different times. Dose distribution for these metastases are prescribed locally without considering the previous dose contribution. We present a study which simultaneously calculates the dose distribution of 25 randomly placed shots distributed inside the intracranial region. The Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) is plotted to study the coverage of the tumor sites and normal tissues. We have calculated ten DVH studies and show that 50% of the brain volume receives less than 500 cGy for the maximum tumor dose of 40 Gy, and the dose gradient is extremely steep. This DVH analysis shows that the Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a good treatment modality to control the local tumors while maintaining normal brain function, even for the large number of brain metastasis treated at different times.
Brain↗
DNA elements recognizing NF-Y and Sp1 regulate the human multidrug-resistance gene promoter.
Regulation of the human multidrug resistance gene (hMDR1) was studied by mapping DNA elements in the proximal promoter necessary for efficient transcription. Transient transfection analysis in tumor cell lines (HCT116, HepG2, and Saos2) of promoter deletions identified several regulatory domains. These cell lines expressed hMDR1 mRNA. Removal of an element between +25 and +158 reduced promoter activity by 2-3-fold, whereas deletion of sequences from approximately -5000 to -138 base pairs gave a approximately 2-fold increase. The activity of the hMDR1 promoter (-137 to +25) was comparable in activity to the SV40 early promoter and enhancer combination. Deletion of the hMDR1 promoter between -86 and -44 reduced activity by 5-10-fold, identifying an important regulatory region. This minimal region (-88 to -37) activated transcription when inserted upstream of a synthetic promoter, suggesting that it acts independently of other regulatory sequences. Two DNA elements within 85 base pairs of the transcriptional start site were required to confer efficient gene expression. A double-point mutation in the Y box (inverted CCAAT box) between -70 and -80 reduced activity of the promoter by 5-10-fold, and a single-point mutation at -52 within a GC-rich element reduced activity by 3-fold. Thus, both the Y-box and GC elements must each remain intact for optimal promoter activity. DNA-binding analyses suggest that the transcription factor NF-Y, but not YB-1 or c/EBP, is most likely responsible for controlling the activity of the Y-box element in these tumor cell lines. DNA-binding analyses also suggest that Sp1, alone or in combination with other nuclear factors, likely controls the activity of the GC element.
Base Sequence↗
Carbon dioxide laser transconjunctival lower lid blepharoplasty complications.
Lower eye lid blepharoplasty is a frequent cosmetic procedure. The carbon dioxide laser transconjunctival approach is a popular alternative to conventional techniques. Eight hundred eighty-nine consecutive cases were studied retrospectively to determine the occurrence of complications. All cases were included. Complications were divided into intraoperative, immediate postoperative (days 1-7) and late postoperative (greater than 7 days). Complications encountered in this study of carbon dioxide laser conjunctival blepharoplasty were uncommon and not severe.
Adult↗
Characterization and cloning of a receptor for BMP-2 and BMP-4 from NIH 3T3 cells.
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-related factors whose only receptor identified to date is the product of the daf-4 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans. Mouse embryonic NIH 3T3 fibroblasts display high-affinity 125I-BMP-4 binding sites. Binding assays are not possible with the isoform 125I-BMP-2 unless the positively charged N-terminal sequence is removed to create a modified BMP-2, 125I-DR-BMP-2. Cross-competition experiments reveal that BMP-2 and BMP-4 interact with the same binding sites. Affinity cross-linking assays show that both BMPs interact with cell surface proteins corresponding in size to the type I (57- to 62-kDa) and type II (75- to 82-kDa) receptor components for TGF-beta and activin. Using a PCR approach, we have cloned a cDNA from NIH 3T3 cells which encodes a novel member of the transmembrane serine/threonine kinase family most closely resembling the cloned type I receptors for TGF-beta and activin. Transient expression of this receptor in COS-7 cells leads to an increase in specific 125I-BMP-4 binding and the appearance of a major affinity-labeled product of approximately 64 kDa that can be labeled by either tracer. This receptor has been named BRK-1 in recognition of its ability to bind BMP-2 and BMP-4 and its receptor kinase structure. Although BRK-1 does not require cotransfection of a type II receptor in order to bind ligand in COS cells, complex formation between BRK-1 and the BMP type II receptor DAF-4 can be demonstrated when the two receptors are coexpressed, affinity labeled, and immunoprecipitated with antibodies to either receptor subunit. We conclude that BRK-1 is a putative BMP type I receptor capable of interacting with a known type II receptor for BMPs.
3T3 Cells↗
Radiation therapy as a treatment for benign lymphoepithelial parotid cysts in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1.
Patients who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may develop benign lymphoepithelial cysts within the parotid gland that cause severe facial deformity. Standard treatment for this disorder has been superficial parotidectomy, repeated fine-needle aspirations or observation alone. These approaches are unsatisfactory because elective surgery in immunocompromised patients should be avoided, the cysts recur soon after aspiration, and observation alone for a treatable deforming facial process is unacceptable. Radiotherapy's proven effectiveness in treating other benign disorders of the parotid gland led us to evaluate its usefulness as a treatment for this disorder. Eight patients with parotid enlargement, who were seropositive for HIV, received 8-10 Gy to the parotids in 1 week. Five patients had complete response and three patients had partial response. All were very satisfied with the cosmetic result. Treatment-related toxicity was well tolerated and consisted of mild xerostomia and transient taste loss. In all cases, these side effects resolved within 1 month. Radiation therapy thus appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for AIDS-related parotid enlargement.
Adult↗
Inhibition of autoproteolytic activation of interstitial procollagenase by recombinant metalloproteinase inhibitor MI/TIMP-2.
The purification and cloning of a novel metalloproteinase inhibitor (MI or TIMP-2) related to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) has been recently described by our laboratory (DeClerck, Y.A., Yean, T. D., Ratzkin, B.J., Lu, H.S., and Langley, K.E. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 17445-17453; Boone, T.C., Johnson, M.J., DeClerck, Y.A., and Langley, K.E. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 87, 2800-2804). We have transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells with a vector containing human MI/TIMP-2 cDNA and purified recombinant-derived MI/TIMP-2 (rMI/rTIMP-2) from the conditioned medium of such cells. We have investigated the inhibitory activity of rMI/rTIMP-2 toward rabbit fibroblast interstitial collagenase. The inhibition of activated collagenase by rMI/rTIMP-2 is stoichiometric and consistent with the formation of a 1:1 molar ratio complex. In addition to blocking the activated enzyme, rMI/rTIMP-2 inhibits the conversion of 52-kDa procollagenase to the 42-kDa active enzyme initiated by organomercurials. When plasmin is used as activator, rMI/rTIMP-2 does not inhibit the plasmin-mediated conversion of the 52-kDa proenzyme to the 46-kDa inactive intermediate but blocks further conversion of the 46-kDa intermediate to the 42-kDa active enzyme. The data indicate that rMI/rTIMP-2 blocks the autoproteolytic activation of procollagenase. Also, rMI/rTIMP-2 forms complexes with the 52-kDa procollagenase, the 46-kDa intermediate, and with the 42-kDa activated enzyme which are stable to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), such that the complexes can be visualized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It appears that the formation of a SDS-stable complex with procollagenase requires an initial conformational change of the procollagenase brought about by organomercurials or by plasmin cleavage. The data suggest that MI/TIMP-2 may be able to control the extracellular action of certain metalloproteinases not only at the level of the activated enzyme but also at the level of proenzyme activation.
Animals↗
Technique of venous catheterization for sequential blood sampling from the pig.
A surgical technique for catheter implantation for sequential blood sampling in the pig is described. This methodology minimizes stress to the animal and chances of catheter dislodgement, both of which are detrimental to accurate long-term metabolic assessment of the animal model. The technique involves implantation of a vinyl catheter via the external jugular vein into the vena cava. To ensure catheter retention, the method uses a silicone plug fitted to the catheter and located cranial to its entry to the vein, double ligation at the venous insertion, subsequent passage of the catheter to exit 10 cm cranial to the scapula on the dorsal midline, and a denim vest fitted to the thorax. With this technique seven out of nine catheters have functioned more than 50 days, two functioned for approximately 100 days, and one for over 150 days.
Animals↗
Primary structure and functional expression of rat and human stem cell factor DNAs.
Partial cDNA and genomic clones of rat stem cell factor (SCF) have been isolated. Using probes based on the rat sequence, partial and full-length cDNA and genomic clones of human SCF have been isolated. Based on the primary structure of the 164 amino acid protein purified from BRL-3A cells, truncated forms of the rat and human proteins have been expressed in E. coli and mammalian cells and have been shown to possess biological activity. SCF is able to augment the proliferation of both myeloid and lymphoid hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cultures. SCF exhibits potent synergistic activities in conjunction with colony-stimulating factors, resulting in increased colony numbers and colony size.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Analysis of workload and staffing requirements for a critical-care satellite pharmacy.
A study to determine the workload and the staffing requirements of a proposed critical-care satellite pharmacy is reported. Data for all patients admitted to the adult surgical intensive-care units (SICUs) of an acute-care teaching hospital were recorded for 30 days. Both clinical and distributive data were collected, such as the number and times of patient admissions to the SICUs, the times medication orders were written and their nature, the number and types of drugs administered per patient per day, the number of medication profile reviews per day, and the number and types of interventions. Productivity standards were determined for specific clinical and distributive tasks and used to project the staffing requirements of the new satellite pharmacy. It was determined that proposed changes in distributive services, including expansion of the i.v. admixture program and implementation of a syringe-pump infusion system, would increase the pharmacist and technician staffing requirements by 1.91 and 6.77 hours per day, respectively. Expansion of clinical services, such as pharmacokinetic monitoring, would increase the pharmacist staffing requirements by 8.68 hours per day. It was estimated that the SICU satellite pharmacy could save the hospital more than $200,000 per year. Hospital administration approved a request to increase staffing by 3 full-time-equivalent (FTE) pharmacists and 1.6 FTE technicians. Workload analyses and projections of staffing requirements must incorporate measurements for clinical as well as distributive services.
California↗
Computerized ambulatory-care pharmacy information system for direct order entry by prescribers.
A computer system that links prescribers in a diabetes center to an ambulatory-care satellite pharmacy is described. In 1988 an ambulatory-care center serving the diabetic patients of a 437-bed university teaching hospital moved to a new location. To maintain efficient communication of prescription information from the diabetes center to a designated ambulatory-care satellite pharmacy, a program that enables diabetes center prescribers to enter their orders directly into the satellite pharmacy computer system was implemented. The pharmacy department's prescription-entry screen was reprogrammed so that it could be more easily used by prescribers, and a "default" list of the most frequently prescribed drugs was generated to simplify direct order entry. Prescription information entered at the diabetes center is transmitted to the satellite pharmacy; the filled prescriptions are usually ready by the time patients arrive. The average number of prescriptions entered into the computer per week remained steady during the first 14 weeks that the system was in use but increased substantially after diabetes center personnel were given a summary of use data and other information pertaining to the new system. However, because of the availability of only one terminal for order entry and the inherent ease and speed of writing prescriptions on paper, use of the system has not met expectations despite the benefits it offers. Prescribers in a diabetes center did not frequently enter prescription information into a computer system linked to the hospital's ambulatory-care pharmacy because the traditional method of writing prescriptions remained available and convenient.
California↗
Human gene encoding the 78,000-dalton glucose-regulated protein and its pseudogene: structure, conservation, and regulation.
The isolation and characterization of a human functional GRP78 gene and a processed pseudogene are described. We present the complete primary structure of the human GRP78 gene, which spans over 5 kb and consists of eight exons. Sequence comparisons reveal that the GRP78 gene shares unusual homology among the human, rat, and hamster in the protein-coding and 3' untranslated regions. In addition, short domains highly conserved with HSP70 isolated from human, Drosophila, Xenopus, yeast, and E. coli DNA are identified within the hydrophobic regions of GRP78. The intronless pseudogene resembles that of a processed gene. It is flanked by a short direct repeat and is embedded within an AT-rich genomic region. The highly active promoter from the functional human GRP78 gene contains a TATA box, five CCAAT sequences, and two potential binding sites for the transcriptional factor Sp1. It consists of a distal domain that enhances basal level expression and a proximal domain essential for responses to calcium ionophore and for a temperature-sensitive mutation which induce the GRP78 gene. Both domains are highly conserved between the rat and the human GRP78 promoters.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Molecular identification of regulatory DNA sequences for basal and gamma-interferon-induced expression of HLA DR alpha in human multiforme glioblastoma cell lines.
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Chromosome Mapping↗
Neurotransmitter modulation of the human class II gene DR alpha on multiforme glioblastoma cell lines. A molecular analysis.
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Cell Line↗
Identity of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein with the 78,000-dalton glucose-regulated protein and the role of posttranslational modifications in its binding function.
The 78,000-dalton glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and the immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein (BiP) were shown to be the same protein by NH2-terminal sequence comparison. Immunoprecipitation of GRP78-BiP induced by glucose starvation and a temperature-sensitive mutation in a hamster fibroblast cell line demonstrated the association of GRP78-BiP with other cellular proteins. In both fibroblasts and lymphoid cells, GRP78-BiP was found to label with 32Pi and [3H]adenosine. Phosphoamino acid analysis demonstrated that GRP78-BiP is phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Conditions which induce increased production of GRP78-BiP resulted in decreased incorporation of 32Pi and [3H]adenosine into GRP78-BiP. Furthermore, we report here that the phosphorylated form of BiP resides in the endoplasmic reticulum and that BiP which is associated with heavy chains is not phosphorylated or labeled with [3H]adenosine, whereas free BiP is. This suggests that posttranslational modifications may be important in regulating the synthesis and binding of BiP.
Adenosine↗