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Biomedical subjects

J Traoré

Publications and source records attributed to J Traoré.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland in a 14-year-old girl].

The discovery of unilateral exophthalmia requires multidisciplinary care made all the more difficult in the case of a 14-year-old girl living in a tropical environment. The child, C.A., resident of the town of Djenné in Mali, was examined for nonpulsate, nonretractile, left lateral unilateral exophthalmia, painful upon palpation of a left upper-external mass under the orbital rim. The initial examination highlighted the existence of an intraorbital tumor with a moderate effect on visual function. In view of the slow and progressive development over 2 years, and with the assistance of an association, the child was transferred to a specialized medical structure where the tumorous nature was confirmed after surgical exeresis. The diagnosis was cylindroma, or adenoid cystic carcinoma. Neither chemotherapy nor radiation were used. At 15 months after surgery, the child showed no clinical sign of recurrence. Intraorbital tumors in children present diagnostic and therapeutic problems in countries with limited medical resources. Cylindromas or adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lachrymal gland are the second most common cause of epithelial tumors in this gland, which are characterized by a high degree of malignancy, a very high rate of recurrence, and a low survival rate at 5 years. In a tropical environment, diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties are compounded by limits to comprehensive care for the child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Sickle cell disease and retinal damage: a study of 38 cases at the African Tropical Ophthalmology Institute (IOTA) in Bamako].

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate retinal damage in patients with sickle cell disease and its links with the different genotypic forms of the disease in patients consulting at the African Tropical Ophthalmology Institute (IOTA). A total of 38 patients with the HbS gene were included over a 12-month study period. Retinal damage was assessed by a computerised angiofluorography in 31 patients. Of the 38 patients studied, 71% had sickle cell disease (SC), 21% had sickle cell trait (AS) and 8% had sickle cell anemia (SS). Sixty-eight percent of patients (n = 21) presented sickle cell retinopathy. The age group with the highest prevalence of proliferative neovascularisation was between 26 and 35 years. Retinopathy was more frequent in SC patients than AS patients: 90% (n = 19) versus 10% (n = 2). None of the 3 SS patients presented retinopathy. Retinal neovascularisation was the most common finding in the 27 affected eyes. This study confirms the frequency and severity of retinal damage in patients with the HbS haemoglobin, particularly among young people with double heterozygous disease (SC) in the tropical African environment. Treatment of this disorder is largely unavailable to patients in sub-Saharan Africa except at the major eye care centres. An early screening and management programme for retinal damage related to SC would reduce ocular complications and optimise visual efficiency in these young active patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Extent of visual impairment in a population attending an ophthalmology center in Africa. Findings in 828 cases at the Tropical Ophthalmology Institute of Africa in Bamako, Mali].

The purpose of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the extent of visual impairment in a socially and professionally active population attending the Tropical Ophthalmology Institute of Africa (IOTA). Thanks to high recruitment rate at the IOTA, which is the third reference eye centre, a total of 828 patients ranging from 18 and 50 years of age and consulting for the first time were included between February 1 and May 4, 2003. Each patient underwent a thorough ocular examination. Data were recorded using a dedicated study form. Most patients (40%) consulted for reduced visual acuity. Diagnosis determined organic disease in 75.6% of cases (626 patients) and ametropia (including presbyopia) in 18.5% (153 patients). In the remaining 6% of cases (49 patients), ophthalmic examination was normal. Bilateral blindness was observed in 5.8% of cases (48 patients). The main cause of bilateral blindness was cataract (19.2%). The third most common cause (14.6%) was ocular manifestations of HIV infection, confirming that the epidemiology of blindness is changing and that HIV/AIDS should be taken into account. Unilateral blindness accounted for 11.5% of cases (95 patients). The main causes of unilateral blindness were trauma (50.5%), infection (26%) and degenerative disease (18%). Low vision accounted for 8.5% of cases (70 patients). The main cause of low vision was ametropia. This is one of the few hospital-based studies on causes of blindness in West Africa. The major finding is the high prevalence of blinding ocular complications of HIV infection. Another important finding is the high incidence of low vision that is often disregarded in West Africa.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cost of the surgical treatment of cataracts at the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology (Bamako, Mali)].

In developing countries, cataracts are a serious public health problem. There are a large number of patients, an estimated 3 millions in Africa alone, awaiting operations. However, the number of surgical interventions is small for a variety of reasons, including the cost. To try to reduce the cost of surgery, we analysed the various elements involved at the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology (AITO) in Bamako (Mali). The route followed by the patient, from contact with the health service through to post-operative health care was analysed in terms of individual jobs, supplies and equipment required. The unit cost of each of these elements was assessed using an adapted calculation method. The results show that the cost of the removal of the lens at the AITO is 15,200 FCFA (or $56). Installing an intra-ocular lens significantly improves the outcome for a similar cost (16,500 FCFA or $60). The relative costs of various elements were as follows: food, 32%, the suture, 12%; and equipment only 13%. Thus, to reduce the overall cost of surgery for cataracts, ambulatory surgery should be organised, with efforts to reduce the costs of suture. High quality equipment should be used, because its life-span is such that it can be amortised over a long period.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activities of the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology, 1990-1997].

The African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology (AITO) was founded in Bamako in 1953. It is part of a regional structure, The Organization for Cooperation and Coordination in the Control of Major Endemic Diseases (OCCCMED). AITO is a WHO collaborating center for the prevention of blindness and has four aims: the provision of eye care, training (ophthalmologists, cataract surgeons, specialist nurses, spectacle manufacturers), research (epidemiology, clinical and surgical) and assessment of public eye care as a function of the needs of the member states of OCCCMED. The European Regional Program for the Prevention of Blindness and an International Sight First Program Center are located at AITO. AITO is at the heart of a network dedicated to fighting blindness, and its activities extend beyond the borders of the OCCCMED.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Training at the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology in Bamako].

The African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology (AITO) is an OCCCMED institute, founded in Bamako in 1953. The OCCCMED itself is based at Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). AITO is a WHO collaborating center for the prevention of blindness. Training is one of the main activities of the institute, along with eye care, research and assessment. The prevalence of blindness in sub-Saharan countries is about 1.2%, with blindness mostly caused by cataracts, trachoma, glaucoma and onchocercosis. The demand for eye care is high but there are currently too few trained personnel to satisfy that demand. Therefore, AITO's role in training eye-care professionals is particularly important. The institute trains ophthalmologists, specialist nurses, eye surgeons (who remove cataracts) and spectacle manufacturers. Training is carried out within the framework of the community and apprenticeship in the workplace. The student must attain specific targets, listed in a "competency passport" issued at the start of training. Clinical and surgical ophthalmology and general eye care are taught. Training costs and grants are mostly paid by the Lions Club International Sight First Program or by the French Overseas Development Ministry. Since 1991, AITO has trained to graduation: 18 ophthalmologists; 24 eye surgeons; 83 specialist nurses; 16 spectacle manufacturers.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Future of ophthalmology nurses and physicians trained at the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology].

Six ophthalmologists and 24 specialist ophthalmology nurses from French-speaking African countries graduate from AITO each year. Their training focuses on the skills they will need to participate in the national programs to combat blindness. All the ophthalmologists (10) and specialist ophthalmology nurses (42) from Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso and Senegal, who graduated from AITO within the last ten years were interviewed. Eight of the ten ophthalmologists and all of the specialist nurses are currently working in national programs to combat blindness. The specialist nurses knew more about public eye health issues than about optics. The training given is appropriate for ophthalmology professionals working in these countries. The chief demand of both ophthalmologists and specialist nurses was that they should have continuous training and supervision.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Synthesis of the blindness situation in the countries of the Organization for Cooperation and Coordination in the Control of Major Endemic Diseases].

The major causes of blindness in the OCCCMED states are cataracts, trachoma, glaucoma and oncocercosis. The prevalence of blindness is about 1.2% and there are about 880,000 blind individuals and 2,500,000 people with impaired vision. Cataracts were the cause of blindness in 440,000 people and the cause of visual impairment in 1,320,000 individuals. About 1,500,000 people were found to have oncocercosis, and about 24,000 were blind. The true rate of trachoma is unknown. Thirteen thousand cataracts are surgically removed in the region each year, the CSR (cataract surgery rate) being 210. In the last few years, national programs have been set up to combat blindness and equipment and training have been established. With a ratio of 1 ophthalmologist per 523,000 people, the WHO's objectives are becoming attainable.

Africa, Western↗