Biomedical subjects

J Trott

Publications and source records attributed to J Trott.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Secretion of whey acidic protein and cystatin is down regulated at mid-lactation in the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus).

Milk collected from the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) between day 100 and 260 of lactation showed major changes in milk composition at around day 200 of lactation, the time at which the pouch young begins to temporarily exit the pouch and eat herbage. The carbohydrate content of milk declined abruptly at this time and although there was only a small increase in total protein content, SDS PAGE analysis of milk revealed asynchrony in the secretory pattern of individual proteins. The levels of alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, serum albumin and transferrin remain unchanged during lactation. In contrast, the protease inhibitor cystatin, and the putative protease inhibitor whey acidic protein (WAP) first appeared in milk at elevated concentrations after approximately 150 days of lactation and then ceased to be secreted at approximately 200 days. In addition, a major whey protein, late lactation protein, was first detected in milk around the time whey acidic protein and cystatin cease to be secreted and was present at least until day 260 of lactation. The co-ordinated, but asynchronous secretion of putative protease inhibitors in milk may have several roles during lactation including tissue remodelling in the mammary gland and protecting specific proteins in milk required for physiological development of the dependent young.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2001

Treatment demands and differential treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis and their siblings: patient, parent and sibling accounts.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive disease with no known cure. Advances in diagnosis and treatment have resulted in patients living longer and thus families live with the illness for longer. Treatments are becoming increasingly demanding and are largely performed in the family home. Mothers are often reported to experience greater stress and poorer adjustment than mothers of well children or population norms. Patients and siblings are also reported to display adjustment difficulties. Siblings have rarely been included in research designs. This qualitative study investigates the impact of CF and treatment on eight patients, eight mothers, one father and eight siblings. A family systems perspective was adopted. Each individual was interviewed independently using semistructured interviews. Patients and siblings were aged between 9 and 21 years. Qualitative analyses revealed high levels of non-adherence (intentional and unintentional) and parental involvement in treatment, minimal involvement of siblings, and preferential treatment towards patients. Demanding treatment, coupled with the progressive nature of CF, promote high levels of parental involvement for younger children as well as older teenagers, often due to attempted or actual non-adherence. Siblings may receive less attention while patients' needs take priority. Future development of a measure of adherence suitable for children and adolescents should take into account different motivations for non-adherence, particularly regarding the level of personal control over adherence to treatment. In addition, the potential impact of having a brother or sister with CF should not be underestimated and the needs of siblings should not go unnoticed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1997

The tammar wallaby: a model to study putative autocrine-induced changes in milk composition.

The marsupial newborn is immature and the mother has the capacity to alter milk composition significantly during lactation, presumably to meet the nutritional requirements of the developing young. Furthermore, macropodid marsupials may practice asynchronous concurrent lactation (ACL)7 whereby the mother provides milk which differs in all the major components from adjacent mammary glands for two young of different ages. This phenomenon suggests that local regulation of mammary function, in addition to endocrine stimuli, is likely to be important for controlling milk composition. This paper explores the possibility that changes in sucking patterns of the young represent the first step in a mechanism to signal the mammary gland for putative autocrine-induced changes in milk composition.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1986

Self-stabilizing osteotomy for frontal bar advancement.

This technique is simple, quick to perform, and produces a rigid block against posterior relapse of the advanced frontal bar in surgery for bicoronal synostosis. This stability is achieved without the need to place a bone graft across the craniectomy site in small infants with rapidly expanding brains. Finer and fewer interosseous wires are required, decreasing the chance of transcutaneous palpation, and this principle can be incorporated into most osteotomy patterns around the orbits.

Craniosynostoses↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Common misconceptions in neurophysiology.

An understanding of the mechanisms underlying nervous transmission is critical if we are to understand how anaesthetics work. In this review, I have concentrated on some areas of simple cellular neurophysiology that students often find puzzling: the relation between ionic concentration and membrane potential; how axonal and synaptic transmission differ; and presynaptic inhibition.

Anesthetics, Local↗