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Biomedical subjects

J U Prause

Publications and source records attributed to J U Prause.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Studies on human corneal ulcers treated with histoacrylic glue. Morphological studies of a successful and unsuccessful membrane.

Artificial epithelial corneal barriers of histoacrylic glue have been used since 1968. Experimental and clinical studies have since then indicated that the barrier protects the cornea from repopulation by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the tears and thereby from tissue-destroying enzymes. Using light-, scanning electron- and transmission electron-microscopical techniques, the differences between a successful and an unsuccessful treatment of a corneal ulcer with histoacrylic glue have been investigated. The successful glue barrier is a continuous membrane tightly bound to the corneal stroma and preventing population of the stroma by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the tear fluid.

Collagen↗
PubMed1982

Tear absorption into the filter-paper strip used in the Schirmer-I-test. A methodological study and a critical survey.

The absorption of tear fluid into the Schirmer-I-filter paper was evaluated by serial measurements in 5 normal volunteers and in 32 patients with Sjögren's syndrome. The length of wetting was correlated to the weight of tear fluid absorbed in the paper strips. A linear relationship was demonstrated. We conclude that the Schirmer-I-test implies reproducible and fairly precise estimation of the tear flow even in cases of small lengths of wetting. The test is reliable, simple and useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of dry eyes, especially in patients with Sjögrens syndrome.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Secretory IgA specific for herpes simplex virus in lacrimal fluid from patients with herpes keratitis--a possible diagnostic parameter.

In the present study a solid-phase radioimmune assay was used for the demonstration of herpes simplex virus-specific IgG and secretory IgA antibodies in the lacrimal fluid from patients with active recurrent herpes keratitis. The method was quantitative and made it possible to test specifically for the production of secretory IgA antibodies produced during an active herpes simplex virus infection. The production of secretory IgA was followed in 2 patients with fresh recurrent lesions. The HSV-specific secretory IgA could be demonstrated during the first 10 days of infection, where the maximal concentration was reached 3-5 days after the first symptoms occurred. The secretory antibodies were locally produced, and it is shown for the first time that herpes virus-specific secretory antibodies were of diagnostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cobalamin-binding proteins in serum and saliva from patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Cobalamin-binding proteins in saliva and in serum were determined in 28 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (primary SS), 8 patients with secondary SS and 20 matched healthy controls. The unsaturated transcobalamin II level in serum was significantly increased in patients with secondary SS. The unsaturated cobalamin binding capacity in saliva was increased in patients with primary SS. Considerable interindividual variations were found between patients and in the control group. The local production of cobalamin-binding proteins in SS was sufficient to achieve concentrations in saliva comparable to the control group. The cobalamin-binding capacity in saliva was significantly correlated to the albumin concentration in both primary and secondary SS patients, suggesting a defect in the aqueous phase.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Shrinkage in preparatory steps for SEM. A study on rabbit corneal endothelium.

Since specular microscopy of the cornea offers the opportunity to observe and measure cells in vivo without any outside interference this method forms an unrivalled basis for estimation of tissue shrinkage during various preparatory methods. Therefore a study was performed with the purpose of evaluating the degree of artifacts in each preparatory step from the living tissue "in vivo" to the final SEM specimen. The study was performed on rabbit corneas, the endothelium serving as measuring target. The in vivo state was recorded by specular microscopy. Unfixed corneas were studied by light microscopy unstained and stained by alizarin red S or silver nitrate. Fixation was performed intracamerally with 1.5% glutaraldehyde (Gla) by a pH, osmolarity, viscosity and intraocular pressure identical with the physiological values of rabbit eyes. Fixation was completed by immersion in 2.5% Gla for 1/2 h. Gla-fixed corneas were evaluated as above before osmification. Dehydration was performed either by graded acetone, by acetone in a gradient-free system, both followed by critical point drying (CPD). At all steps cells were counted using the same reference frame. The number of cells/mm2 was estimated and statistical analysis showed a shrinkage of 22 per cent (area) in unfixed tissue, 26 per cent (area) in normally dehydrated tissue and 37 per cent (area) in gradient free dehydrated tissue processed for SEM.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Lysozyme, alfa-1-antitrypsin and serum albumin in tear fluid of timolol treated glaucoma patients with and without symptoms of dry eyes.

Determination of tear lysozyme, alfa-1-antitrypsin and serum albumin was performed in the tear fluid of 24 glaucoma patients on maintenance treatment with timolol. In 7 patients with symptoms of dry eye decreased levels of tear lysozyme and increased levels of alfa-1-antitrypsin and serum albumin were disclosed in contrast to 17 timolol treated patients without dry eyes and to healthy controls. The timolol treated patients with ocular dryness also showed hyperosmolality of tear fluid, abnormal corneal staining with rose bengal and decreased break-up time and Schirmer-I-test. It is concluded that decreased concentration of tear lysozyme in glaucoma patients on topical treatment with timolol may indicate some impairment of the tear gland function provoked by the treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Bromhexine treatment of Sjögren's syndrome: effect on lacrimal and salivary secretion, and on proteins in tear fluid and saliva.

In a randomized clinical study, 32 patients with Sögren's syndrome (SS were given placebo/bromhexine (Bisolvon) 48 mg daily for 3 weeks. Various ophthalmological and oral variables as well as different proteins in the tear fluid and saliva were registered. Bromhexine stimulated the tear secretion significantly, presumable without changing the protein composition of the tear fluid. In contrast to other proteins in saliva the IgM concentration decreased in patients with high pre-treatment values. Bromhexine may be of valuable help in the treatment of some patients with SS.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Frozen resin-cracking, dry-cracking and enzyme-digestion methods in SEM as applied to ocular tissues.

Frozen resin-cracking and dry-cracking methods, as well as enzyme digestion by trypsin, hyaluronidase and collagenase, were applied to ocular tissues to study the usefulness of these methods in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The methods are described and compared, and their advantages and limitations indicated. It is concluded that all the methods presented can give extended information in SEM, but that it is necessary to be familiar with the artifacts produced.

Enzymes↗
PubMed1980

Scanning electron microscopy of frozen-cracked, dry-cracked and enzyme-digested tissue of human malignant choroidal melanomas.

By applying cracking and enzyme-digestion methods to tissue of human malignant choroidal melanomas, SEM was used to visualize the interior of the cells, their membranes, nuclei and organelles. Single cells were depicted to their full extent. Apart from a three-dimensional impression of the structures and their surfaces, the methods also made it much easier to measure cells and cell components than by conventional methods.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Scanning electron microscopy of frozen-cracked, dry-cracked, and enzyme-digested retinal tissue of a monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) and of man.

Cracking and enzyme-digestion methods were applied to retinal tissue from a monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) and from man. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the various layers of the retina, as well as of single cells, cell connections and cell interiors were demonstrated in a three-dimensional form. The methods were particularly successful in demonstrating the fibre baskets of Müller cells and the tongue-like processes of the inner photoreceptor segments surrounding the outer segment. Cristae-like protrusions of the inner segments lying in rows along the axis of the segment, possibly disconnected interphotoreceptor contacts, were clearly seen.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

PAS-positive polymorphonuclear leucocytes in corneal ulcers.

Fifty consecutive cases of severe keratitis with clinical signs of corneal ulcers were examined histologically for stage of inflammatory reaction. Further, 14 similar cases were studied ultrastructurally. Cell counts of polymorphonuclears (PML), eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells were carried out. Further the corneas were grouped according to their content of PAS-positive PML. The state of ulceration was estimated microscopically. PML at a cell count of greater than 10 cells/mean field (x 1000) were found in 32/50 cases, and were significantly more frequent in corneal areas with epithelial or Descemet membrane defects. Most PML were PAS-positive (26/50), the positive material having characteristics of glycogen. PAS-negative PML were found in corneas with increased amount of plasma cells. By TEM the PML were found highly phagocytic, partly degranulated and with reduced glycogen content. TEM could not, on the formalin fixed specimens, determine whether PAS-negative PML had a higher protein turn-over, but the findings indicate that corneal ulcers with PAS-negative PML contain a high amount of proteases, because of many degranulated PML and probably a reactivation of PML. Therefore the PAS stainability can be used as an indicator for the PML activity in corneal ulcers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Immunoelectrophoretic determination of tear fluid proteins collected by the Schirmer I test.

Using reservoirs containing 50 microliters of antigen solution in combination with a micro-modification of the electroimmunoassay a detection limit of 0.05 ng applied in 400 microliters corresponding to 0.125 ng/ml has been achieved. Tear fluid eluate from Schirmer paper strips has been tested in the assay. The eluation procedure failed to extract all tear proteins as 32 ng were left in the paper. Despite the loss, experiments have shown the method to be suitable for immunological determination of tear proteins collected by the Shirmer I test.

Eye Proteins↗
PubMed1979

Morphological, histochemical and X-ray microanalytical examination of deposits on soft contact lenses in extended wearing.

The deposits on 29 contact lenses of various water content from 20 wearers were analysed by the methods given in the title. Six lenses were used as bandage lenses, the remaining for optical correction. The age of the patients varied from 7 to 56 years, two-thirds being under 45 years. Wearing time had been from 1 week to 1 year, with an average of 13 weeks. The results obtained by the methods applied showed that calcium was present in just over two-thirds of the cases (20/29), other elements being infrequent. Mucopolysaccharides were found in just under two-thirds (18/29). Chlorine was present in one-fifth of the cases. No significant amounts of lipid were detected. Fungi were found in three cases (3/29). Bacteria were also found in these cases, but never without fungi. Evaluation of the methods applied showed that the methods of choice were macroscopical examination and scanning microscopy in combination with X-ray microanalysis, in a few cases combined with histochemistry. None of the methods applied is sufficient for protein analysis.

Adolescent↗