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Biomedical subjects

J V Danoff

Publications and source records attributed to J V Danoff.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effects of continuous therapeutic ultrasound on growth and metastasis of subcutaneous murine tumors.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The use of therapeutic ultrasound (US) in the presence of malignant neoplasms has been contraindicated in physical therapy practice despite a lack of convincing scientific evidence. Some studies have shown that high levels of US, which increase tissue temperatures greater than 42 degrees C, can kill tumors. We sought to determine whether the application of continuous therapeutic US would alter the growth or metastasis of methylcholanthrene-induced solid tumors in mice. SUBJECTS: Seventy-one female C57BL/6 mice, age 6 to 8 weeks, received subcutaneous injections of 5 x 10(5) tumor cells. METHODS: When tumors grew to 0.5 cm in diameter, the mice were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 34) or an experimental group (n = 37). The experimental group received 10 treatments over a 2-week period of 3-MHz continuous US at 1.0 W/cm2 for 5 minutes, using a 0.5-cm2 sound head directly over the tumor. The control group received the same handling except for the US treatment. Tumor dimensions were measured on days 1 (baseline), 7 (midtreatment), and 14 (preexcision and postexcision). Tumors were weighed after excision, and the mice were evaluated by necropsy and histopathology of regional lymph nodes. RESULTS: All tumors grew larger over time, but final tumor volume and weight were larger in the experimental group (789 mm3 and 0.932 g) than in the control group (395 mm3 and 0.506 g). No significant difference existed in the number of metastatic lymph nodes between groups. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Continuous therapeutic US increased the volume and weight of subcutaneous murine tumors in mice. We urge caution in the use of continuous therapeutic US in the areas of tumors or suspected tumors.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Biomechanical comparison of the energy-storing capabilities of SACH and Carbon Copy II prosthetic feet during the stance phase of gait in a person with below-knee amputation.

In this study, the energy-storing capabilities of solid-ankle cushion heel (SACH) and Carbon Copy II prosthetic feet during the stance phase of gait were compared. A person with a unilateral below-knee amputation served as a component of the instrumentation to test the feet under dynamic loads. Ten trials per foot of bilateral stride at "free" velocity were collected with a video-based, three-dimensional data-acquisition system and two force plates. There were no differences between the prosthetic conditions in step length, single-limb support time, and swing period (analysis of variance) or in double-limb support time, cadence, and velocity (Student's t test). Angular kinematics and moments of the hip and knee were unaffected bilaterally by the type of foot. The progression of the center of pressure under the Carbon Copy II was delayed from 15% to 80% of stance as compared with the SACH foot. The Carbon Copy II showed slower unloading in late stance and a later peak propulsive force than did the SACH foot. The Carbon Copy II performed greater work in both the energy-storage (Carbon Copy II = 2.33 J, SACH = 1.16 J) and energy-return (Carbon Copy II = 1.33 J, SACH = 0.34 J) phases of stance and returned energy with 57% efficiency. Although the energy returned by the Carbon Copy II was clinically insignificant during level walking, these results confirm that it performs as an energy-storing device.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Interrater reliability of videotaped observational gait-analysis assessments.

The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability of videotaped observational gait-analysis (VOGA) assessments. Fifty-four licensed physical therapists with varying amounts of clinical experience served as raters. Three patients with rheumatoid arthritis who demonstrated an abnormal gait pattern served as subjects for the videotape. The raters analyzed each patient's most severely involved knee during the four subphases of stance for the kinematic variables of knee flexion and genu valgum. Raters were asked to determine whether these variables were inadequate, normal, or excessive. The temporospatial variables analyzed throughout the entire gait cycle were cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, and step width. Generalized kappa coefficients ranged from .11 to .52. Intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) and (3,1) were slightly higher. Our results indicate that physical therapists' VOGA assessments are only slightly to moderately reliable and that improved interrater reliability of the assessments of physical therapists utilizing this technique is needed. Our data suggest that there is a need for greater standardization of gait-analysis training.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Bilateral analysis of the knee and ankle during gait: an examination of the relationship between lateral dominance and symmetry.

This study examined the relationship between lower extremity dominance and kinematic symmetry during gait. Fourteen healthy volunteers without any observable gait deviations participated in the study. The subjects (8 male, 6 female) ranged in age from 19 to 56 years. Lower extremity lateral dominance was determined using an assessment method developed by Carol Coogler. Retroreflective spherical markers were placed bilaterally at points over the greater trochanter, the lateral joint line of the knee, the lateral malleolus, and the metatarsal break. A video-based data-acquisition instrument interfaced with a PDP 11/73 computer measured 12 kinematic variables while the subjects walked at self-selected speeds along a 10-m walkway. A multivariate analysis of variance with one repeated measure revealed significant differences between limbs, across subjects, for stance time and maximum knee extension. A within-subject analysis demonstrated significant differences for 10 variables; however, lateral dominance could not be related predictably to these variations. Our results indicate that symmetry cannot be generalized in view of intrasubject variability for these variables. [Valle DR, Gundersen LA, Barr AE, et al: Bilateral analysis of the knee and ankle during gait: An examination of the relationship between lateral dominance and symmetry.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ultrasound sector scanning used to define changes in muscle configuration.

Dynamic configurational changes in the rectus femoris muscle were examined using a real time ultrasound sector scanner in ten normal subjects. The angle of passive knee flexion was varied as transverse ultrasound scanning was performed at the mid-transverse thigh. Configurational changes in the rectus femoris were computed from a traced outline of the muscle and the geometric center of the mass was calculated at all degrees of knee flexion. The geometric center of the mass varied with knee position. The anterioposterior dimensions and cross sectional areas of the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius remained constant, however, despite changes in knee position. The pattern of change observed was reproducible and reflects consistent changes in muscle configuration. The technique and instrumentation should have value for non-invasive dynamic and static observation of individual muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Static measurement of tibia vara. Reliability and effect of lower extremity position.

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of tibia vara measurements and to determine the effects of lower extremity position on such measurements. A manual goniometer was used to measure tibia vara in both lower extremities of 20 healthy subjects while they assumed three different positions: double-limb stance (DLS) with subtalar joint position uncontrolled (Condition 1), DLS with subtalar joint positioned in neutral (Condition 2), and single-limb stance with subtalar joint position uncontrolled (Condition 3). Intraclass correlation coefficients (p less than .05) revealed that tibia vara measurements were reliable both within and between raters with mean absolute differences between repeated measures of 2 to 3 degrees. An analysis of variance and a Newman-Keuls post-hoc test (p less than .05) showed that Condition 3 produced the greatest value of tibia vara followed by Conditions 1 and 2, respectively. The results of this study suggest that lower extremity position is an important consideration when measuring tibia vara and determining whether treatment intervention is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Soft tissue sarcoma: functional outcome after wide local excision and radiation therapy.

Functional outcome was evaluated in 40 patients with a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), who had received wide local surgical excision and postoperative radiation therapy. All patients were two or more years postsurgical excision, and 1.75 or more years postradiation. Patients were separated into three anatomic groups: head, neck, or trunk (HNT); lower extremity (LE); and upper extremity (UE). Each patient was assessed for range of motion, muscle strength, edema, pain, activities of daily living (ADL), and vocational changes. There was significantly more (p = 0.037) edema in patients with LE lesions than in patients in either of the other groups. Patients with LE lesions had greater difficulty with ADL and mobility than those with UE or HNT lesions (p = 0.019), and vocational changes were more frequent (p = 0.055). Patients with lower extremity STS are at higher risk for developing disability than patients with STS at other anatomic sites.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1982

Energy cost and heart rate response to static and dynamic leg exercise.

The energy cost (VO2) and heart rate (HR) response to variable-load static (isometric) and dynamic (isotonic) leg exercise were determined in 5 young women who performed 5-minute bouts of leg extension while in a sitting position on a weight-loaded dynamometer using 4 loads for each type of contraction. Results indicated that VO2 and HR increased as apparently linear functions of workload for both types of exercise, although a difference in the amount of change was observed. When the 2 types of exercise were compared using the same resistance load, the dynamic bouts required a significantly greater net VO2 and HR. At a given VO2 level, HR was higher during static exercise. Net HR also appeared to increase more steeply as a function of VO2 during static than during dynamic exercise. It was concluded that bouts of static and dynamic exercise which employ equal loads for an equal period of time are not physiologically equal or directly comparable since the VO2 and HR response are not the same for the 2 types of exercise. For this reason, VO2 and HR response should not be used interchangeably for relating static to dynamic workloads, or when prescribing exercise for the purpose of patient conditioning or rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Electromyographic response of the elbow flexors to a changing, dislocating force.

The electromyographic (EMG) outputs of the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis muscles of 14 subjects were monitored during the application of an externally generated, dislocating force across the elbow joint. Subjects were seated in an apparatus designed to maintain the right upper extremity at 90 degrees shoulder flexion and 180 degrees elbow extension. The dislocating force was increased from 0-22 Newtons (N) at an average rate of 2N/sec to determine if a minimum load were necessary before muscles would be activated. Although no muscle was found to be significantly more active than any other over the entire load range, post hoc analysis showed that both the brachialis and brachioradialis were significantly more active at loads above 18N than below. The biceps brachii showed no significant increase in activity. The practice of strengthening muscles as a means of protecting joint integrity can be questioned by these results since the muscles under study did little to resist elbow joint dislocation at loads up to 18N.

Adult↗