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Biomedical subjects

J V Hunter

Publications and source records attributed to J V Hunter.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

MRI demonstration of midbrain deformity in association with Chiari malformation.

The differentiation of Chiari malformation from intrinsic brainstem neoplasm in adults can be difficult. We report three patients presenting with brainstem signs, in whom midbrain abnormality was detected on computed tomography and interpreted as evidence of intrinsic tumour. Subsequent investigation by magnetic resonance imaging revealed evidence of Chiari I malformation in all three cases and a syrinx in two. The association of Chiari I with deformity of the midbrain or pons has not been described previously.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Nonionic iodinated contrast media: potential renal damage assessed with enzymuria.

The potential of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to enable study of the physiology of renal transplantation after a single intravenous injection of nonionic iodinated contrast material stimulated this investigation into the possible nephrotoxicity of the contrast material used. Levels of urinary enzyme activity, used as markers of renal damage, were measured before, immediately after, and up to 72 hours after intravenous injection of nonionic iodinated contrast material in two groups of patients undergoing DSA. Twenty-six patients had undergone renal transplantation and 10 control patients had normal renal function. Both groups showed a transient rise in the level of urinary enzyme activity that peaked within 24 hours and returned to levels obtained before DSA within 72 hours. In the transplantation group, the baseline levels of enzymes were higher, and the response after administration of contrast material was greater. Nevertheless, the duration of the response was the same as in the control group, and the enzyme levels of all patients returned to their pre-DSA baseline levels.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1992

Does myodil introduced for ventriculography lead to symptomatic lumbar arachnoiditis?

Although there is a substantial body of evidence implicating Myodil or Pantopaque as a cause of lumbar arachnoiditis, assessment of the clinically based evidence is complicated by the additional potentially causative factors present in a high proportion of cases. These include pre-existing spinal pathology, traumatic lumbar puncture and surgery. The aim of this retrospective study was to attempt to ascertain whether Myodil introduced via ventricular catheter was associated with subsequent development of symptomatic lumbar arachnoiditis. In 222 patients in whom clinical records were reviewed there was no excess of back pain following ventriculography compared to the general population. Myodil ventriculography does not appear to be a major cause of symptomatic lumbar arachnoiditis. Several unavoidable problems with the methodology of this study are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the sphenoid with orbital involvement.

We present a case of aneurysmal bone cyst involving the roof of the orbit and sphenoid bone, with plain film, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings. The natural history and treatment depend on the presence of associated abnormalities such as fibrous dysplasia or a giant cell tumour. In this case the lesion was solitary and was successfully removed, so that possible complications from radiotherapy were avoided.

Bone Cysts↗
PubMed1989

Smoking and occupational allergy in workers in a platinum refinery.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that smoking increases the risk of sensitisation by occupational allergens. DESIGN: Historical prospective cohort study. SETTING: Platinum refinery. SUBJECTS: 91 Workers (86 men) who started work between 1 January 1973 and 31 December 1974 and whose smoking habit and atopic state (on skin prick testing with common allergens) had been noted at joining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of skin prick tests with platinum salts carried out routinely every three to six months and records of any respiratory symptoms noted by the refinery's occupational health service. Follow up was until 1980 or until leaving refinery work, whichever was earlier. RESULTS: 57 Workers smoked and 29 were atopic; 22 developed a positive result on skin testing with platinum salts and 49 developed symptoms, including all 22 whose skin test result was positive. Smoking was the only significant predictor of a positive result on skin testing with platinum salts and its effect was greater than that of atopy; the estimated relative risks (95% confidence interval) when both were included in the regression model were: smokers versus non-smokers 5.05 (1.68 to 15.2) and atopic versus non-atopic 2.29 (0.88 to 5.99). Number of cigarettes smoked per day was the only significant predictor of respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION: Smokers are at increased risk of sensitisation by platinum salts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Patterns of axillary lymphadenopathy demonstrated by mammography: implications for the asymptomatic woman in a breast screening programme.

Carcinoma of the breast is the commonest cause of mortality due to malignancy in women in England and Wales. Mammographic screening, with or without clinical examination, is being used increasingly to detect lesions at an earlier stage. In order to test the claim that an asymptomatic woman with axillary lymph nodes on mammography and no demonstrable underlying carcinoma has a greater than two-fold increased risk of developing subsequent breast cancer, a retrospective analysis was performed on 217 mammograms selected from approximately 40,000 screened women using a cluster sampling technique. A group of women with histologically proven breast carcinoma and two control groups were analysed. The incidence, site and pattern of axillary lymph nodes was compared in the three groups. The relative risk of the asymptomatic woman with axillary lymph nodes developing breast cancer was 1.08 times that of the asymptomatic woman without axillary lymph nodes. From these data we conclude that the presence of lymph nodes does not constitute a risk factor for the development of subsequent ipsilateral mammary cancer and should not influence the assessment of screening mammograms.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Parametric imaging applied to renal digital subtraction angiography: establishment of normal ranges.

Digital subtraction angiography is able to provide simultaneous information on renal structure and function. Thirteen normal patients were investigated. Parametric analysis was performed and a set of normal ranges was established for T-1/2 max, T-max, and renal-artery-to-renal-vein peak-to-peak transit time. Cases are presented to show that the technique is capable of identifying the normal kidney and differentiating it from abnormalities of intrarenal perfusion based on the detailed analysis of the vascular nephrogram.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Parametric imaging using digital subtraction angiography.

Digital subtraction angiography following an injection of iodinated contrast material can regularly produce good quality images. In addition to the conventional anatomical information, the timed sequence of digital images also contains useful temporal information which hitherto has been largely ignored. A simple method of image processing is described which utilises this timing information and presents it as a colour-coded set of functional images. Three parameters MAX, T-MAX and T-1/2 MAX are extracted from time-density curves, analogous to the time-activity curves of Nuclear Medicine, on a pixel-by-pixel basis. These parameters are used as a measure of overall organ perfusion, blood transit time between different vascular compartments, and as an indication of the initial delivery of contrast material to an organ. They have found use in the analysis of myocardial perfusion, before and after pharmacological intervention, and in the examination of the cerebral and renal circulations. The potential advantages of this technique derive from its superior spatial, temporal and contrast resolution.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

Use of gas liquid chromatography in the clinical diagnosis of anaerobic pleuropulmonary infection.

Evidence of anaerobic infection was sought in 83 patients with pulmonary disease with anaerobic culture and gas liquid chromatography (GLC) of mucopurulent sputum, or pleural fluid where appropriate. Saliva samples from nine healthy controls and 14 patients with cystic fibrosis were examined by the same methods to assess anaerobic content. Clinically significant anaerobic pleuropulmonary infection was not found in our patients with bronchitis, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis and occurred in only some of our patients with empyema and lung abscess. GLC of pleural fluid (empyema) or sputum (lung abscess) was helpful in identifying these cases, when a strongly positive reading was obtained. The gas liquid chromatogram was negative or only weakly positive in those patients where the presence of anaerobes was clinically insignificant, most probably resulting from contamination of the sputum samples by saliva. Results were rapidly available and the need for transtracheal aspiration to obtain specimens of bronchial secretion uncontaminated by mouth flora was avoided. The semiquantitative GLC would therefore appear to be a useful method for investigating specimens from patients with suspected anaerobic pleuropulmonary infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pulmonary digital subtraction angiography: a screening tool for vascular lung lesions.

Pulmonary digital subtraction angiography offers a further method of distinguishing vascular from avascular lesions in the lung. The computerised (digitised) recording allows versatility of data manipulation and post-processing and is of particular value in identifying a vascular component in complex lung masses. In the five cases described, digital subtraction angiography provided useful information; in three, it was the definitive diagnostic procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rickets in adolescence.

The radiological diagnosis of rickets is mainly based on the widened appearance of actively developing epiphyseal growth plates. In the adolescent with rickets the secondary iliac and ischial ossification centres may be abnormally wide when most other epiphyses have fused. The appearance of the iliac crest is of use both in helping to make the diagnosis and in monitoring the results of treatment.

Adolescent↗