The mystery of the anemone cell tumor.
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Histocytochemistry↗
Biomedical subjects
J V Johannessen
Publications and source records attributed to J V Johannessen.
Hürthle-cell lesions of the thyroid: a combined study using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry.
Hürthle cell transformation found in 2 nodular goiters, 2 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 4 follicular adenomas, 3 follicular carcinomas, 2 papillary carcinomas and 1 anaplastic carcinoma were studied by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Ultrastructural features of Hürthle cells were identical in non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Cells crammed with mitochondria, showing abnormalities in size, shape and content were prominent in most cases. The presence of distinct smooth-surfaced cells interspersed with cells with many microvilli is almost a pathognomonic scanning electron microscopic feature of benign and malignant Hürthle cell lesions. Most Hürthle cells stained positively for thyroglobulin in all cases, but no immunoreactivity for CEA and calcitonin was found.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Farewell to the dual histogenesis of thyroid tumors?
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APUD Cells↗
Hürthle cell and mitochondrion-rich papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland: an ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study.
Of 52 consecutive papillary carcinomas of the thyroid, the following cases were included in this study: one Hürthle cell papillary carcinoma, one papillary carcinoma with foci of Hürthle cells, and 10 cases of papillary carcinoma with abundant mitochondria (volumetric density of mitochondria greater than or equal to 20%). All cases were studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunocytochemistry. Our results showed that papillary carcinomas mainly or exclusively composed of Hürthle cells are very rare; that Hürthle cell papillary carcinomas of the thyroid share the biologic characteristics and blend insidiously with the so-called mitochondrion-rich papillary carcinomas; that TEM and SEM can provide useful evidence for achieving the differential diagnosis between Hürthle cell and so-called mitochondrion-rich papillary carcinomas; and that immunocytochemical studies are useless in the aforementioned differential diagnosis.
Aged↗
Breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation.
Twenty-two breast carcinomas with membrane bound granules by electron microscopy were tested for the presence of neuron specific enolase (NSE), neuropeptides and serotonin by immunohistochemistry. By light microscopy the cases studied included infiltrating ductal carcinomas, intraductal carcinomas, apocrine carcinomas, infiltrating lobular carcinomas of both classical and alveolar types, mixed lobular/colloid carcinomas, carcinoid growth pattern and one unclassified carcinoma. Ten cases showed immunoreactivity for 1 or 2 neuropeptides in scattered cells whereas all cases were positively and rather diffusely stained with anti-NSE. Immunohistochemical staining at the ultrastructural level was carried out; the presence of neuropeptides could not be confirmed. Scattered granules were marked with gold particles when antiserum against casein was used. We conclude that neither argyrophilia, nor NSE immunoreactivity nor membrane bound granules seen by electron microscopy constitute at present sufficient evidence to designate a breast carcinoma as neuroendocrine. However, our study indicates that certain breast carcinomas of several types do include cells with neuroendocrine features demonstrable convincingly by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. We have no evidence that these breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine features behave differently from their counterparts lacking such features. The intriguing speculation is that neuropeptides produced by certain breast carcinomas may act as local modulators of tumor growth and differentiation.
Adult↗
Papillary carcinoma.
In addition to a description of the basic criteria for the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma, a review of discussions by all workshop participants on the illustrative cases is presented. Areas of consensus included the following: classification of mixed papillary and follicular carcinomas as papillary, regardless of follicular dominance; recognition of three morphological variants--follicular, encapsulated, and diffuse sclerosing; nonspecificity of individual histological criteria, with the necessity to utilize a combination of characteristic features as guidelines for establishing a diagnosis; citing of nuclear features as probably the most important diagnostic criteria, ie, increased N/C ratio, irregularity in outline, and paleness of staining (ground glass appearance); grading of tumors on the basis of either cytological or architectural characteristics remains of unproven prognostic value. (Gross extent of tumor at the first operation remains the most valuable single prognostic criterion.); defining small carcinomas by size rather than using the imprecise term "occult" with its variable definitions including some clinically evident tumors; classifying as undifferentiated those carcinomas presenting a mixed papillary and anaplastic appearance at the time of the first operation, and retaining the papillary designation for papillary cancers which later undergo dedifferentiation; and recognition that thyroglobulin is a constant and keratin an inconstant tumor cell marker, with the latter not specific for distinguishing papillary carcinomas from follicular carcinomas or from hyperplastic adenomas.
Carcinoma, Papillary↗
Renal biopsies in cystic fibrosis.
Pharmacokinetic studies on antibiotics as well as other studies on renal function indicate renal malfunction in cystic fibrosis. Renal biopsies from two children, and post mortem examination from one child, with this disorder were normal by light microscopy and close to normal by immunofluorescence examination and transmission and scanning electron microscopy, even in cases with advanced disease and marked renal malfunction. Renal biopsy interpretation thus seems to be of little value in the evaluation of renal malfunction in this disorder, and this suggests that the functional abnormalities are caused by metabolic/biochemical defects.
Adolescent↗
Small cell tumor in a 24-year-old male.
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Adult↗
Scanning electron microscopy of the human breast and its disorders.
This article reviews the surface topography of the normal breast and its disorders. The results of our study of 132 cases are presented and compared with the literature.
Adenofibroma↗
[Recent methods in histologic diagnosis of tumors. II. Electron microscopy].
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Carcinoma↗
Anomalous papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.
Most papillary carcinomas of the thyroid run a surprisingly indolent clinical course, and even widespread lymph node metastases in the neck are not a bad prognostic omen. A small group behaves in a far more aggressive fashion and kills through local invasion of adjacent structures or blood borne metastases. This paper deals with a papillary carcinoma which does not fit into any of these groups. Following hemithyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma in 1970 the patient, a woman aged 70 years, lived comfortably for nine years until she died of what appeared to be an unrelated cause. During these nine years, papillary carcinoma metastases were removed at irregular intervals from unusual locations such as the thoracic wall, both groins, and the thigh. Gross examination, light and electron microscopy, and freeze-etching, all failed to distinguish this tumor from conventional papillary carcinomas. Morphometry showed that the nuclei were significantly larger than those found in other papillary carcinomas, and conventional and flow cytometric DNA analysis proved that the primary tumor and the metastases contained mainly tetraploid cells. One lymph node metastasis had even larger nuclei than the others and also a different, bizarre DNA distribution pattern. This study also showed that the ground glass appearance of the nuclei of papillary thyroid carcinomas does not depend on hypodiploid DNA values. Of about 70 cases of papillary thyroid carcinomas in the world literature studied by conventional or flow cytometric DNA analysis, this case is the only one with tetraploid DNA values. It is therefore tempting to correlate this tetraploidy to its peculiar biologic behavior.
Aged↗
Establishment and characterization of a new cell line from a hereditary renal rat tumor.
A new cloned tissue culture cell line, HRRT, has been established from a hereditary renal rat tumor. Electron microscopic studies indicate that the cells are fibroblasts. The cell line has been maintained in monolayer cultures for more than 3 yr and multiplies with a population doubling time of 21 h. The HRRT cells were found to have a plating efficiency of 50% and were not able to grow at low serum concentrations; they did not multiply in suspension culture and were unable to form colonies in soft agar or to proliferate in the aggregate form. The HRRT cells did not form tumors in nude mice. The new cell line was adapted to grow in serum-free medium by decreasing the serum concentration gradually over a period of several months and by addition of sodium pyruvate, insulin, alanine, serine, ribose, thymidine, and uridine to the medium. In serum-free medium HRRT cells multiplied with a population doubling time of 42 h and were not able to form colonies in soft agar.
Animals↗
A tumor of the anterior mediastinum.
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Aged↗
Ultrastructural morphometry of thyroid neoplasms.
This paper presents the first comprehensive morphometry analysis of normal thyroid, adenomas, and follicular and papillary carcinomas. The mean nuclear volume and the mean nuclear surface increased, while the volume densities of rough endoplasmic reticulum and dense bodies decreased from normal thyroid through adenomas and follicular carcinomas to papillary carcinomas. The different amounts of cytoplasmic organelles probably are related to endocrine function rather than to malignant potential. Papillary carcinomas with a predominantly follicular growth pattern are related more closely to follicular carcinomas than to papillary carcinomas dominated by papillae. This probably indicates a more active endocrine function rather than a different degree of malignancy. Papillary carcinomas, where follicular structures dominate, are therefore expected to respond to radioiodine treatment more favorably than those mainly forming papillae. Papillary carcinomas with abundant ground glass nuclei do not seem to have a lower volume density of heterochromatin than tumors lacking this nuclear feature. In the individual problem case with a follicular tumor, electron microscopy and morphometry cannot even distinguish between an adenoma and a well-differentiated follicular carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma↗
A flow cytometric DNA analysis of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Flow cytometric DNA analysis of biopsy specimens from 10 patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) was performed to evaluate the possible value of such data as indicators of the biologic behavior of these tumors. Some of the tumors had a unimodal distribution of nuclear DNA content, whereas others were bimodal. The mean modal DNA content in the cells of unimodal medullary carcinomas was not higher than that in the cells of thyroid parenchyma with a normal histologic appearance. This finding contradicts previous reports based on conventional cytophotometry. Bimodal DNA histograms were found in biopsy specimens from four patients, and the two patients with predominantly spindle-shaped cells belonged to this group. The total of nine biopsy specimens with bimodal DNA distributions were all from metastatic foci. Bimodal patterns were found, however, to co-exist with unimodal patterns, when several samples were examined from the same case. Bimodality or more severe aneuploidy did not seem to be related to shorter survival of the patients. The mean value of the percentage of cells in S-phase in our MCT series was higher than in follicular but lower than in anaplastic carcinomas. This fits well with clinical studies, where medullary carcinoma patients have been found to live longer than patients with follicular carcinomas but for a shorter time than those having anaplastic carcinomas.
Adult↗