PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Vatier

Publications and source records attributed to J Vatier.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Antisecretory and anti-ulcer effects of morphine in rats after gastric mucosal aggression.

The effects of morphine on gastric secretion, barrier mucus and mucosal lesions were studied in pylorus-ligated rats treated with the ulcerogenic agents, indomethacin, aspirin or taurocholic acid. All three ulcerogenic agents induced significant mucosal lesions. Morphine decreased gastric acid secretion and suppressed the aspirin- and taurocholic acid-induced, but not the indomethacin-induced mucosal lesions. These results suggest that the ulcerogenic mechanisms of indomethacin and the other agents are not identical. Moreover the antiulcer effect of morphine appears to be mediated by an increased barrier mucus level: the amount of Alcian blue bound to the mucosa, an indirect estimate of the adherent mucus layer, was increased by morphine and correlated with its protective effect. All morphine effects were reversed by naloxone.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Assessment of mucus glycoprotein erosion by measurement of sialic acid in gastric secretions: pathophysiologic and therapeutic aspects.

The quantification of mucus glycoproteins (GPs) faces paramount difficulties in terms of methods and interpretation. Mucus glycoprotein erosion, however, might be quantified in gastric juice by measurement of GP-bound sialic acid. Basal sialic acid content was low in normal healthy subjects (N) and in nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD) patients. They were five to six times higher in duodenal ulcer (DU), or more in Zollinger-Ellison patients. Pentagastrin stimulation induced a five- to sixfold rise in N and NUD patients although it did not affect DU patient sialic acid contents. Relationships between sialic acid content and pepsin output in DU indicate that pepsin exerts a variable mucolytic activity depending on disease evolution. In addition to pepsin, duodenogastric reflux exerts a potent mucolytic effect. Therapeutically, highly selective vagotomy without recurrent ulcer markedly reduced mucus erosion. The reduction of mucus erosion by protective drugs has been observed in some cases but in other cases sialic acid measurement did not allow to verify a protective effect. Adherent mucus analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) should allow one to appreciate GP fractions qualitatively. Combination of both methods should allow further determination of the mucus protective role, simultaneously investigating the adherent mucus quality and eroded GPs.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1991

Gastric secretory investigation of recurrent ulcer after surgery for duodenal ulcer.

The results of gastric secretory studies in 192 cases of recurrent ulcer after surgery for duodenal ulcer were analyzed and compared with the secretory data collected in a control group of 74 duodenal ulcer patients who had undergone various forms of gastric surgery, but who did not develop a recurrent ulcer (controls). The patients studied comprised 46 cases of recurrent ulcer after partial gastrectomy, 10 cases of recurrent ulcer after partial gastrectomy and bilateral truncal vagotomy, 56 cases of recurrent ulcer after truncal vagotomy and drainage, 52 cases of recurrent ulcer after highly selective vagotomy, and finally 28 cases in which the recurrent ulcer led to the diagnosis of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The entire study was based upon an analysis of the basal acid output, the response to maximal stimulation by pentagastrin or by histalog and by insulin in the case of previous vagotomy, and finally on an assessment of basal serum gastrin. The analysis has suggested minimal secretory levels with discriminative values useful for the postoperative diagnosis of recurrent ulcer and for an assessment of the completeness of vagotomy (ratio PAO Insulin/PAO pentagastrin or histalog). Moreover, an analysis of various elements of the sequential basal pentagastrin-insulin test permitted us to approach the pathophysiological mechanism responsible for ulcer recurrence, and to identify suitable criteria for selection of the best treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Gastric functional exploration. Comparison between secretory results in 72 non-ulcer dyspeptic patients and 289 non-operated duodenal ulcer patients. Predictive criteria for the efficacy of fundus vagotomy in duodenal ulcer].

Basal and pentagastrin- or insulin- stimulated secretion was studied in 72 non ulcer dyspectic patients (NUD), in 289 non operated duodenal ulcer patients (DU), and in 30 DU, before and after highly selective vagotomy (HSV). Acidity, proteolytic activity, choline indicating the presence of duodenogastric refluxed material and sialic acid bound to mucus glycoprotein, marker of mucus erosion, were measured. Basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid and pepsin secretions in NUD were significantly reduced with regard to those in DU. Sialic acid content was weak in basal secretion and markedly increased in response to pentagastrin reaching the values observed in DU. DU basal secretions of acid and of pepsin were modulated according to the stimulating secretory mechanism. Mucus glycoprotein erosion was related to pepsin mucolytic activity and/or to the presence in gastric juice of refluxed material. In DU the increase of peptic mucolysis corresponded to a biological signal of the ulcer attack when no duodenogastric reflux was identified. High values pepsin output in basal secretion and in response to insulin and of basal sialic acid content combined with a pepsin/acid basal output ratio higher than 80 were biological arguments anticipating the efficacy of HSV in DU. Multiparametric analysis of gastric secretion allows to evaluate the ratio between aggressive factors and mucosal defense corresponding to an equilibrium in NUD and to greater aggressivity in DU whose intensity is related to the course of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[pH gradient support and antacid action of gastroesophageal coating agents. In vitro pharmacologic study using a model of "the artificial stomach"].

The effects of gastroesophageal mucosal coating agents could be related to a) the decrease of aggressive contents of gastric juice and/or b) the presence of a pH gradient between intraluminal (IL) contents and mucosa. Antacid capacities of Gaviscon and Topaal, containing sodium alginate or alginic acid, respectively, were measured using the "artificial stomach" model. This model, reproducing two major gastric dynamic functions, secretion and gastric emptying, allows to evaluate the pH variations in the IL contents and at its surface, by a double pH metric recording. Experiments were performed when drugs to be tested were added either to 100 ml of human gastric juice (100 mmol/l or 88 mmol/l with biliary reflux) or to 100 ml of 0.1 N HCl, without and with 1 percent meat extract. Simulated secretion was represented by a 3 ml/min flux of either 0.1 N HCl or gastric juice and "gastric emptying" fluxes varied from 1.5, 3.0 to 4.5 ml/min. When 0.1 N HCl solution was used, the pH levels at the surface of IL contents were close to pH 3.0 when intragastric pH reached pH 1.0 independently of "gastric" emptying flux variations. In the presence of proteins or biliary reflux material, these pH levels were higher, close to pH 4.5 and persisted for a longer time. Antacid activity was calculated as the resistance to acidification of the IL contents, as the amount of H+ ions consumed after addition of antacid to recover initial pH, i.e. 37 and 22 mmol in human gastric juice, between 37 and 17.5 mmol in 0.1 N HCl for Gaviscon and Topaal, according to emptying fluxes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alginates↗
PubMed1990

New approach for the in vitro evaluation of antacids.

Evidence is given that the in vitro evaluation of antacids has been incomplete, not regarding physiopathological conditions. As a consequence arbitrary antacid potency classifications were introduced and in clinical practice high dosages of antacid drugs were prescribed. The main reason is that the in vitro evaluation procedures used did not take into account the actual conditions of gastric acid secretion. The proposed methods allow to assess antacid activity under conditions similar to those during gastric secretion. "Pharmacologically", the capacity of binding H+ ions in acid milieu can be quantified and the antacid mechanism can be characterized. "Therapeutical efficacy" might be analysed under acid conditions taking into account gastric intraluminal flux variations by using the "artificial stomach" model. This procedure also allows to evaluate the influence of gastric protein content on antacid activity and to simulate the actual gastric conditions by using human gastric juice as gastric content and as simulated "secretion". The antacid-induced resistance to acidification largely corresponds to the therapeutical antacid activity. Data obtained with aluminum containing antacids are presented.

Antacids↗
PubMed1990

Duodenogastric reflux in children: measurement of phospholipids and trypsin in gastric content.

The duodenogastric reflux (DGR) is a suspected cause in some esogastric pathologies in adults: esophagitis, peptic gastric ulcers, stress ulcers, ulcers secondary to drugs, gastric cancer, and gastritis. The toxic substances of the reflux are essentially bile acids, lysolecithin, and trypsin. A number of diagnostic methods have been proposed in the adult. This study suggests a diagnosis technique for DGR in the child. Fasting gastric juice was collected by gastric intubation during 1 h and three substances were measured: phospholipids as markers of biliary reflux, trypsin as a marker of pancreatic reflux, and sialic acid as a marker of the degradation of gastric mucus. The sialic acid enabled us to evaluate some of the toxicity of DGR on the stomach. The study of 49 child subjects permitted us to show the existence, in the normal child, of biliopancreatic markers in the stomach under fasting conditions through a physiological DGR; to define the norms in the child, varying according to three age groups: 0-2 months, 2-12 months, and 1-4 years (the maximum values for an age above 4 years seemed to correspond to those in the adult); and to suggest the existence of a pathological DGR in children with antral gastritis or ulcers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of antacid characteristics of drugs containing a combination of aluminium and magnesium salts using the "artificial stomach" model.

Antacid characteristics of three drugs containing aluminium and magnesium salts (combination of clay with aluminium and magnesium hydroxides, aluminium and magnesium hydroxide mixture and hydrotalcite) have been studied in a dynamic situation simulated by the "artificial stomach" model, simultaneously taking into account both gastric fluxes, a constant secretory flux and variable emptying fluxes. Therapeutic doses of the drugs were added 1. to 100 ml of 0.1 N HCl, without or with 1% or 5% meat extract, and 2. 100 ml of pooled human gastric juice (96 mmol/l, pH 1.1). In addition, antacid activity of 0.5 g aluminium and magnesium hydroxides, taken alone or in combination, were evaluated when added to 100 ml of 0.1 N HCl. In aqueous HCl solution or in human gastric juice, the three antacid drugs exhibited 1. a neutralising activity characterised by pH-rise and 2. a buffering capacity close to pH 3.8. In addition, hydrotalcite exhibited also buffering capacity at pH 1.2. The antacid-induced capacity, expressed as H+ mmol, to recover initial pH were very similar, indicating that antacid physiochemical properties are similar in HCl solution or in gastric juice. H+ consumption depended upon emptying fluxes. The same antacid characteristics were observed when antacids were mixed with 1% meat extract while 5% meat extract resulted in a modification of antacid characteristics. Therefore the antacid capacities of respective mixtures were of smaller magnitude (50-60%) than the sum of the activities of antacids plus meat extracts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1989

[Psychosensory initiation of gastric secretion in dogs. Inter-relation of vagal component, gastrin, histamine and somatostatin].

The effects of vagal stimulation on gastric secretion and on blood gastrin, histamine and somatostatin release have been assessed in three esophagostomized dogs equipped with gastric fistula and Heidenhain pouch. The animals were submitted to sham feeding of variable duration (from 2.5 to 12.5 min) and composition. In response to standard composition of the sham feeding, acid and pepsin responses were observed in the gastric fistula only; they were closely related to the sham feeding duration. Integrated histamine responses were also closely related to sham feeding duration and were correlated with acid or pepsin responses. Gastrin was released by sham feeding induced-vagal stimulation, but there were no relationship between gastrin and secretory responses. Somatostatin release decreased as duration of sham feeding stimulation increased and correlated negatively with acid or pepsin responses. Modified standard sham feeding, by adding either lipids or glucids resulted in the same gastric and hormonal responses as standard sham feeding. It appears that 1 degree) vagal stimulation resulting in the psychosensorial receptors stimulation can be quantified, 2 degrees) histamine reduces somatostatin release and could represent a non cholinergic vagal mediator, capable of controlling somatostatin release in the cephalic phase of gastric secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental models in studying gastric secretion in dogs: innervated pouch, denervated pouch, cervical esophagostomy. Execution, monitoring, use].

Different surgical models are used in the dog for studying gastric secretion: gastric fistula, denervated Heidenhain pouch, innervated Amdrup pouch and cervical esophagostomy. The surgical procedures are described as well as the care and the monitoring allowing long-term survival of the animals. The association of gastric fistula - Heidenhain pouch has been assessed 30 times and 8 times with cervical esophagostomy. The death-rate was been 7% and the morbidity 24%. Three dogs were provided with an Amdrup pouch. Calibration of the animals allowed the acid and pepsin secreting dose-response to be platted and translation according to lineweaver-Burk or Dowd and Riggs is used to calculate the efficient dose (ED 50) and the maximal response (maxR). Pharmacological or physiological effects might be analyzed in regard to the modification of these parameters in response to a pharmacological agonist or antagonist substance. Some physiological studies could be made using sham-feeding on dogs fitted with a cervical esophagostomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Tri-annual rhythm of basal acid secretion and secretion stimulated by pentagastrin in duodenal ulcer].

Duodenal ulcer is a recurrent disease with seasonal periodicity for pain and complications such as hemorrhage and perforation. Ulcer craters or symptoms seem to occur preferentially in early spring and autumn. Since acid secretion is one of the pathogenetic factors of the disease, we analyzed retrospectively basal and maximal (pentagastrin) acid secretion data obtained in 341 consecutive patients according to the month in which they were obtained. The patients were classified according to the activity of their ulcer (active, non active) and to the level of the peak acid secretion (hypersecretors, normosecretors). Basal acid concentration and output, and peak acid output were, both overall and month by month, higher in patients with active duodenal ulcer disease than in those who were non active, and in hypersecretors than in normosecretors. For all 341 patients as well as for normosecretors and non active ulcer patients, a triannual rhythm was detected for stimulated acid concentration and peak acid output. The highest values were noted in February, June, and October (period: 4 months). The amplitude of these rhythms was 3 to 4 percent, with differences between highest and lowest values of 30.4 mmol/l for concentration and 17.1 mmol/h for peak acid output. These rhythms for acid secretion during the year may contribute to the periodicity of duodenal ulcer events and should be analyzed in association with other factors which could be implied in ulcerogenesis. Moreover, this seasonal periodicity of acid secretion in duodenal ulcer should be taken into account in all therapeutic trials in which acid secretion is analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Influence of pH in the adsorption capacity of bile salts and lysolecithins in vitro by antacids containing clay and/or aluminum].

In vitro binding properties of eight clay and/or aluminium-containing antacids for bile salts and lysolecithin were measured in comparison with cholestyramine binding capacity, taking into account the final medium pH. Dihydroxy-bile salt adsorption was greater when the initial pH was 1.8 and the intensity varied according to the drugs. Trihydroxybile salts were less bound and the binding was less related to the medium pH. Lysolecithins were bound by clay-containing antacids with the same intensity as cholestyramine, while the binding capacity of aluminium-containing antacids was weaker and related to the final pH. There were close relationships between binding capacities and the final pH so that bile salts are bound by antacids with a great intensity in acid medium and released by alkalinisation in contrary to the binding capacity of cholestyramine. Lysolecithins should be also bound more intensively in acid medium by aluminium-containing antacids. Binding capacities of the antacids were related to their composition, their antacid effect and to the final pH.

Adsorption↗