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Biomedical subjects

J Vitovec

Publications and source records attributed to J Vitovec.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Does G8002A polymorphism in endothelin gene have a meaning for other risks at the patients with heart failure?].

UNLABELLED: Objective of the work is to determine the relation of G8002 polymorhism in endothelin 1 gene to the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM), ischemic disease of lower limbs (ID LL) and myocardial infarction (MI) at the patients with heart failure. METHODICS: There were observed 224 patients, 176 males, 48 females, average age 55 +/- 12 years, NYHA II/III/IV 82/131/11, average EF LK 25 +/- 7 %, diagnosis ischemic heart disease (IHD) 133, dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCMP) 91. RESULTS: Patients with IHD had higher incidence of hypertension (p < 0.0007), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.00007) and hyperlipoproteinemy (p < 0.0006) than patients with DCMP. Patients with IHD who experienced MI had a difference in the distribution of G8002A genotypes for endothelin 1 gene: G 0.718 and A 0.282 alleles vs ischemic patients without MI G 0.882 and A 0.118 (p < 0.05) alleles. Ischemic patients with DM had G allele in 0.67 and A 0.33 unlike ischemic patients without DM G allele 0.791 and A 0.209 (p < 0.03). Ischemic patients with synchronous ID LL had G allele in 0.718 and A 0.282 vs ischemic patients without ID LL G allele 0.882 and A 0.118 (p < 0.0004). At the patients with DCMP there was not found a difference in G8002A genotype and the presence of DM or ID LL. RESULTS: At the patients with heart failure on the basis of ischemic heart disease there was found a difference in endothelin G8002A genotype distribution depending on other accessory diseases. There was more frequently present an A allele and less present G allele in the ischemic patients with DM, who had experienced MI or ID LL than in the ischemic patients without these diseases. Genotype with A allele is connected with higher risk of all accessory diseases.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

[Non-pharmacologic therapy of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy--results of therapy based on percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation compared with results of dual-chamber cardiac pacing].

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) and pacemaker (PM) therapy with apical preexcitation are therapeutic options for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients with symptoms despite pharmacological therapy. AIM: evaluation and comparison of treatment results of PTSMA and PM implantation. PATIENTS: 22 HOCM patients (NYHA class III and IV) with left ventricle outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) at rest more than 30 mm Hg. In group A were evaluated 11 patients treated by PTSMA. Left ventricle outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) was 90.5 +/- 16.0 mm Hg, NYHA class 3.1 +/- 0.2. Group B included 11 patients treated by dual chamber PM implantation, LVOTG in this group was 105 +/- 48 mm Hg, NYHA class 3.0 +/- 0.4. RESULTS: NYHA class in the group A decreased after treatment to 1.8 +/- 0.6 (p < 0.01), LVOTG to 24 +/- 12 mm Hg (p < 0.001). There was observed significant decrease in grade of systolic anterior motion (SAM), interventricular septum (IVS) thickness and left atrium (LA) size. Left ventricle end systolic diameter (LV SD) and left ventricle end diastolic diameter (LV DD) increased during follow-up. Decrease of NYHA class in the group B was to 2.1 +/- 0.6 (p < 0.001), LVOTG to 25.5 +/- 21.0 mm Hg (p < 0.001). Changes of other parameters in the group B were not significant, except decrease of SAM. Comparison of both groups: NYHA class change PTSMA/PM: 1.3 +/- 0.6/0.9 +/- 0.4 (p < 0.05), LVOTG change PTSMA/PM: -66 +/- 20/-79 +/- 46 mm Hg (p = n.s.). LV SD assessment comparison of LV SD change PTSMA/PM: 5 +/- 5/1 +/- 5 mm (p < 0.05). LA assessment - comparison of LA change PTSMA/PM: 5 +/- 5/-1 +/- 4 mm (p < 0.05). Other changes were not significant. CONCLUSION: Both therapeutic approaches - PTSMA and PM implantation - resulted in significant improvement of functional capacity assessed by NYHA classification. Decrease of LVOTG was also significant and was similar in both groups, NYHA class improvement as well as LA size decrease and LV DS increase were more expressed in PTSMA group.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗
PubMed2001

Enteropathogenicity of Plesiomonas shigelloides and Aeromonas spp. in experimental mono- and coinfection with Cryptosporidium parvum in the intestine of neonatal BALB/c mice.

Enteropathogenicity of Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae and A. sobria was studied both in monoinfections and in coinfections with coccidium Cryptosporidium parvum in neonatal BALB/c mice. In monoinfection experiments, neonatal BALB/c mice were orally infected with 7 x 10(7) or 7 x 10(8) CFU, respectively, of a strain of P. shigelloides or a strain of an Aeromonas spp. In coinfection experiments, the neonatal mice were, in addition to being orally infected with one of the four bacterial species, orally infected with an inoculum containing 10(5) oocysts of C. parvum. Results from monoinfections with P. shigelloides revealed long-term colonisation of the neonatal mouse intestine by this pathogen, along with associated pathological lesions. The lesions varied in severity from atrophy to necrosis of the mucosal inner surface of the ileum and colon, with predilection to the colon and brush border of colonic enterocytes. The effects of coinfection of P. shigelloides with C. parvum were characterised by bacteremia and heavy colonisation of the intestine by P. shigelloides. In addition, extensive necrotising inflammatory changes in the ileum and colon were accompanied by diarrhoea and deaths of coinfected mice. In contrast, the results from monoinfections of neonatal mice with Aeromonas spp. showed only a short-term colonisation of the intestine by the pathogen. However, when mice were coinfected with A. hydrophila and C. parvum, then the growth of the bacterial species was prolonged, and occurred in both the spleen and intestine. However, no substantial clinical or histopathological changes were observed in mice, whether monoinfected with Aeromonas spp. or coinfected with C. parvum. Our study suggests that experimental monoinfections of neonatal BALB/c mice with P. shigellodes, Aeromonas spp. and C. parvum, together with coinfections (each bacterial species with the protozoan C. parvum), may serve as a useful model to study the initial steps of gastrointestinal colonisation and diarrhoeal disease syndromes caused by enteropathogenic bacteria and protozoa, individually and in combination.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed2000

First dose hypotension after angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril and angiotensin II blocker losartan in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: First dose hypotension after the administration of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in patients with acute myocardial infarction is one of the most important adverse events of this type of treatment. There is no information about first dose hypotension after angiotensin type 1-receptor blocker in this type of patient. AIM: To compare the first dose responses to low dose captopril and losartan in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Single blind, randomised, multicentric, prospective study. Patients (n=320) with confirmed acute myocardial infarction, age >18 years, treated by direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, thrombolysis and/or heparin, were randomised to receive a single dose of 6.25-12.5 mg captopril or 12.5-25 mg losartan within 24 h of hospital admission. Baseline laboratory and clinical examinations were performed before entering the study. Blood pressure monitoring started at hospital admission and continued for at least 8 h after the medication (second dose of captopril was given after 8 h). RESULTS: The maximal blood pressure fall appeared about 1 h after the first dose of captopril and 3.5 h after the first dose of losartan. Patients in the captopril group had significantly higher incidence of asymptomatic hypotension (38%) than patients treated with losartan (24%) (P<0.001). No difference in hypotension requiring a change in medication was observed. CONCLUSION: Low dose of losartan is safe for initiating therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction within 24 h of hospital admission.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

A comparison of intervention with losartan or captopril in acute myocardial infarction.

AIM OF STUDY: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors prolong life, lower the progression of heart failure, and decrease the need for hospitalizations in patients after myocardial infarctions. It is still unclear whether these effects could also be achieved by blocking the angiotensin II (ATII) type 1 receptor. METHODS AND RESULTS: We randomized 201 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with either direct angioplasty, thrombolysis, or heparin alone to the ACE inhibitor captopril or the ATII antagonist losartan. The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, and left ventricular parameters. The patients were followed for at least 15 days. The incidence of severe adverse events was similar in both groups, although cough presented less often in the losartan group. Captopril failed to prevent an increase in end-diastolic volume and did not influence left ventricular end-systolic volume. This effect led to an increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0. 001) without a change in wall-motion index. Losartan did not affect end-diastolic volume but decreased end-systolic volume (P<0.001), resulting in a significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.001) and a decrease in wall-motion index (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that losartan is safe and well tolerated in patients after myocardial infarction. ATII antagonists seem to have a more pronounced effect on left ventricular remodeling than ACE inhibitors.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Effects of prostaglandin E1, dobutamine and placebo on hemodynamic, renal and neurohumoral variables in patients with advanced heart failure.

Excessive neurohumoral activity remains a major burden to the circulation of patients with advanced heart failure. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), a balanced i.v. vasodilator, was shown to elicit favorable hemodynamic and clinical effects in this cohort. A prospective randomized parallel group trial was performed to evaluate acute, intermediate and chronic changes in hemodynamic, neurohumoral and renal variables in response to PGE1, dobutamine and placebo. Thirty patients with class III and IV heart failure and low cardiac index (mean 1.9 l/min/m2) two hours after oral drugs including high dose enalapril were included. A 7-day-infusion of PGE1 (16.5 +/- 5 ng/kg/min, range 10 to 20 ng/kg/min, group A n = 10), dobutamine (4.5 +/- 1 micrograms/kg/min, range 2.5 to 5 micrograms/kg/min, group B n = 10) or placebo (saline, group C n = 10) was administered via a central venous access line after stepwise titration until intolerable side effects developed with PGE1 or a 20% increase in cardiac index occurred with dobutamine, which was continued on this dose throughout while PGE1 was maintained on 50% peak dose. Hemodynamic data were collected at baseline, at peak dosages, after 12 hours and after 7 days. Of neurohumoral variables plasma norepinephrine, big endothelin (Big ET) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were simultaneously evaluated using RIA methods. Renal plasma flow (by paraaminohippurate clearance) and glomerular filtration rate (by iothalamate clearance) was measured prior to and during the infusions (after 12 hours and after 7 days). At peak dose and at 12 hours significant drops from baseline of mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance were observed which were accompanied by a rise in cardiac output with both PGE1 and dobutamine. These changes were maintained through 7 days when pulmonary vascular resistance levels also fell with both active drugs. Blood pressure did not change throughout, but PGE1 increased heart rate slightly at 12 hrs. Both PGE1 and dobutamine enhanced renal plasma flow after 7 days, but only PGE1 decreased glomerular filtration fraction significantly. Glomerular filtration rate did not change with either drug. PGE1 decreased ANP levels at 12 hrs, and dobutamine increased big ET levels at peak, but decreased big ET at 7 days. Norepinephrine levels were unaffected throughout. Except a slight decrease in right atrial pressure after 7 days placebo did not change any measured variable significantly. Taken together, these data suggest that treatment with PGE1 is as efficacious as low-dose dobutamine in improving cardiac performance and renal perfusion in advanced heart failure. Of importance, no deleterious neurohumoral counterregulation was observed with PGE1.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1998

Relationship between kidney function, hemodynamic variables and circulating big endothelin levels in patients with severe refractory heart failure.

UNLABELLED: Fluid retention is a major characteristic of symptomatic, progressive heart failure when a main factor implicated in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction is renal hypoperfusion. This may be a consequence of forward cardiac failure, resulting in a low cardiac output integrating poor left ventricular function secondary to myocardial impairment and increased resistance in the regional renal vasculature secondary to locally released vasoconstrictors, e.g. endothelin. So far, the role of the pulmonary circulation in perpetuating renal dysfunction in heart failure is unclear. METHODS: We investigated the relationship of hemodynamic variables obtained during right heart catheterization and plasma big endothelin levels to renal function variables in 18 male patients aged 52 +/- 3 years, with heart failure in the NYHA function class III-IV, based on idiopathic causes in 8 and ischemic causes in 10 patients. Renal plasma flow (RPF) was established by paraaminohippurate (PAH) clearance and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured by iothalamate clearance. RESULTS: Plasma big endothelin (ET) levels were increased above the upper normal range (1.8 fmol/ml) in 16 out of 18 patients, averaging 5.0 +/- 0.8 fmol/ml (1.7-11.9 fmol/ml). Positive correlations to big ET plasma levels were detected with mean pulmonary pressure (r = 0.73, p < 0.001) pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = 0.56, p < 0.05) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (r = 0.69, p < 0.01). Glomerular filtration rate (70 +/- 7 ml/min) and renal plasma flow (358 +/- 36 ml/min) were considerably reduced and exhibited a tendency to correlate inversely with big ET levels (r = -0.46, p = 0.056 and r = -0.44, p = 0.069, respectively). Contrary to expectations, RPF did not correlate significantly with cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index or arterial blood pressure. In contrast, significant correlations were detected of RPF with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = -0.69, p < 0.01), mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = -0.65, p < 0.01), right atrial pressure (r = -0.47, p < 0.05) and right ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.49, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest a role for endothelin in renal vasoconstriction and accord well with the concept that in severe heart failure renal hypoperfusion--by volume retention--as well as increased endothelin synthesis--by pulmonary vasoconstriction--play a part in the increased pulmonary filling pressures.

Endothelin-1↗
PubMed1976

Epithelial thyroid tumors in cows.

From 1964 to 1973, 370 tumors were collected from cows of unknown age. Ten (2.7%) of these were primary thyroid tumors. Three were malignant. The benign tumors were solitary encapsulated adenomas in the parenchyma with more or less defined trabeculae, tubular, and microfollicular pattern. One of the malignant tumors was a cystic papillary adenocarcinoma, and two were small cell carcinomas consisting of small, sometimes binuclear, pleomorphic cells.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1976

[Outbreak of paraventricular and ventricular mucormycosis in fattening bulls].

There is a description of mass occurrence of nine cases of acute, fatal paraventricular and ventricular mucormycosis in fattened bulls at the age of about 18 months. In the reticulum, the disease was characterized by numerous ulcerations penetrating into the submucosa. In rumen the deposits were of hemorrhagic character penetrating through a thick muscular layer into the subserosa. Hemorrhagic peritonitis was within the range of those changes. Thromboses of arteries and veins prevailed in the microscopic picture. Inflammatory reparative changes were formed by neutrophile leucocytes. Mucoraceum fibres were demonstrated in pathological manifestations. In three cases, strains of Rhizopus cohnii and Absidia ramosa were cultivated simultaneously from the sub-ulcerous layers in the reticulum. A number of findings testify that the mass occurrence of mucormycosis followed the feeding of mouldy bakery wastes on the basis of acidosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Colitis cystica profunda in inflammatory psedomembraneous dysentery in pigs].

The authors examined 32 cases of dysentery in pigs at the age of about 16 weeks. From the morphological viewpoints, the lesion was a disease of the large intestine characterized by a pseudomembranous, croupous, or even diphtheric inflammation of the intestine and by a conspicuously small pyogenic component in the inflammatory exudate in propria mucosae. The colon contained glandular intestinal structures, corresponding to the human disease colitis cystica profunda, situated exclusively at the sites of lymphatic folicles. The study of series incisions demonstrated that in the given cases of the dysentery of pigs colitis cystica profunda is the result of the entropium of intestinal mucous membrane into the submucosa. The residues of pressed lymphatic tissue contained multiple Russell's corpuscles of plasmocellulal origin--this is proved by oxyphilla and by the positive finding in the PAS reaction and in the Weigert method of fibrin testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Biochemical characteristics of Vibrio coli isolated from inflammatory pseudomembraneous swine dysentery].

The paper presents the basic morphological and biochemical characteristics of seven microaerophilic vibrio cultures isolated by the membrane filtration method from the colon mucous membrane of pigs diseased with dysentery. For growth, the cultivated strains needen oxygen reduction; in the dark field they showed a typical active movement producing catalase and oxidase, reducing nitrates to nitrites, and tolerating the presence of 1% and 3% sodium chloride concentrations in the growth medium. No culture grew in the presence of 1% glycine and 5% NaCl and no culture produced hydrogen monosulphide. All showed good growth in media with carbohydrates which, however, were not attacked. With respect to these characteristics and to literature data, the microbes were classified as Vibro coli, whose isolation had been reported by some authors in relation with dysentery in pigs (Roberts, 1956; Deas, 1960; Lussier, 1962).

Animals↗