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Biomedical subjects

J W Adams

Publications and source records attributed to J W Adams.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Nitric oxide reduces early growth response-1 gene expression in rat lung macrophages treated with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide.

Since early growth response-1 (Egr-1) is required for macrophage differentiation and nitric oxide (NO) is immunosuppressive, we hypothesized that NO would reduce Egr-1 expression in rat lung macrophages. The inflammatory stimuli interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide induced an early, transient increase in Egr-1 mRNA (> 5-fold at 2 h) and a sustained, high level of inducible NO synthase mRNA (> 100-fold from 4 to 24 h). The NO metabolites nitrite and nitrate rose > 10-fold in medium from stimulated versus unstimulated cells over 24 h. Concomitant with elevated nitrogen oxides, Egr-1 mRNA levels declined to 80% below unstimulated cells at 24 h. This decline was blocked by an inhibitor of NO production, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Further, the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine inhibited Egr-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner, producing complete inhibition at 0.5 mM. The effect of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine was not due to reduced macrophage viability. We conclude that Egr-1 induction precedes inducible NO synthase induction in stimulated rat macrophages and that subsequent NO production reduces macrophage expression of Egr-1. We propose that this mechanism is used to regulate macrophage differentiation in human immunodeficiency virus infection and other inflammatory states.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1994

Treatment of finger dysplasia with metacarpal base defect.

The hypoplastic finger with metacarpal base defect is a rare anomaly. Metacarpal lengthening is not a reasonable treatment option because of severe hypoplasia of the metacarpal. Complete amputation with closure of the interdigital space is effective but most parents want to save any digit of their child. We prefer to release the syndactyly and save the finger, with its shortened three phalanges, during childhood. Our parents and patients have been satisfied with the short digit. At a later age the metacarpal of the hypoplastic finger can be fused to one or the other adjacent metacarpals. Alternative methods to increase function and improve appearance are presented.

Female↗
PubMed1989

An instructional guide for reducing the stress of hearing parents of hearing-impaired children.

The impact of a self-instructional program to reduce stress levels of parents of hearing-impaired children is examined. Fifty parents with hearing-impaired children were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Participating Parents, who received a Self-Instructional Parent Program (SIPP); and Non-participating Parents, who received no such program. Findings indicate that the participating parents did not experience significant decreases in their stress levels or in the perceived incidence of misbehavior in their children in comparison with non-participating parents. Participating parents, however, reported a decrease in their children's misbehavior; non-participating parents noted an increase. Additionally, the findings also associated increasing stress on the part of parents with parental perceptions of burgeoning misbehavior on the part of the child.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Lumbar zygapophyseal joint meniscoids: evidence of their role in chronic intersegmental hypomobility.

Meniscoid bodies of the zygapophyseal joints are considered by some to be a cause of the Acute-Locked Back Syndrome. These meniscoid bodies have been identified anatomically and histologically, but not yet in a formal clinical investigation. The authors provide a brief review of the zygapophyseal meniscoid-related literature, present new documentation of histological variations and offer some possible consequences of the presence of mechanically pathological meniscoids. It is herein proposed that an important sequela to the pathophysiology of these structures is that of chronic intersegmental hypomobility. We invite the scientific community to pursue further investigations of these meniscoids. Magnetic resonance imaging is one method suggested to investigate the meniscoid in vivo.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Bedside percutaneous tracheostomy: experience with 55 elective procedures.

Over a 24-month period, tracheostomy was performed in 55 patients using a percutaneous, wire-guided, dilatational technique. All such procedures were undertaken at the patient's bedside in the intensive care unit, with the patient under local anesthesia and mechanically ventilated through an oral endotracheal tube. A variety of wire-guides, dilators, and tracheal tubes were used as experience and proficiency were gained with the approach, and eventually, a simple modification of a standard low-pressure cuffed endotracheal tube was found to facilitate the procedure. The percutaneous method was found to be rapid and simple, to leave almost no cosmetic deformity, and to be almost totally free from infectious complications. This technique should be considered for routine use in critically ill, ventilator-dependent patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Flail chest injury in a patient with surgical absence of the sternum.

Although pulmonary disability is usually minimal following total sternectomy, the potential for remote complications exists. We present a case of severe respiratory failure resulting from simple rib fractures occurring two years after sternectomy for sternal osteomyelitis. Respiratory failure resulted from flail chest due to the combination of acute rib fracture and the lack of anterior fixation of the thoracic cage.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

An outbreak of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cats in an animal house.

An outbreak of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in cats in an animal house was investigated. It was concluded that the index case was infected by ingestion of contaminated meat obtained from a knackery and that some of the other cases were infected by inhalation of tubercle bacilli shed from a discharging sinus in the index case. A possum was also infected and a research worker apparently received a significant challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Goodwill--fact or fiction.

The validity of goodwill payments when partners enter or leave practice is doubtful. The present situation in veterinary private practice in the Republic is described and compared with other professions. This profession is urged to review its attitude.

Partnership Practice↗
PubMed1983

Partnership prophylaxis.

The most common association of veterinarians in private practice is that of partnership. Some such relationships are not happy and may not endure. The concept of partnership is examined and suggestions are made which will minimise dissension.

Partnership Practice↗
PubMed1982

KpnI families of long, interspersed repetitive DNAs associated with the human beta-globin gene cluster.

KpnI families of long, interspersed repetitive DNAs are ubiquitous repetitive elements that occur in tens of thousands of copies in primate genomes. KpnI 1.2, 1.5 and two different KpnI 1.8-kb families were found within and flanking a 6.4-kb repeat beginning at 3 kb, 3' from the human beta-globin gene. Thus, six different types of KpnI families have now been identified, and four of these are found next to each other in a specific 6.4-kb repeat. Clones of the distinct KpnI families were hybridized to clones of the 6.4-kb repeat and adjacent sequences encompassed within some 17.6 kb of DNA lying 3' to the beta-globin gene cluster. The four KpnI families appear to make up the entire length of the 6.4-kb repeat. The linear order of the various cloned KpnI sequences in the repeat is 5'-pBK(1.8)26-pBK(1.5)54-pBK(1.2)11-pBK(1.8)11-3'. KpnI 1.2-kb sequences were also detected downstream from the 6.4-kb repeat. As in the case of the KpnI 1.2 and 1.5-kb families, the two KpnI 1.8-kb sequence families described here each hybridized with about 15% of all plaques in two independently generated human genome libraries.

DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
PubMed1982

New orientations of ancestral, "long interspersed repeated sequences" (LINES) in human DNA.

Three sets of long, interspersed repeated sequences (LINES) are described in human DNA. Each set contains two cleavage sites for the restriction endonuclease, XbaI. One set, called the Xba 850 LINES was detected only in gibbons, apes and man but is related in sequence to a more ancestral LINES family, the Kpn 1200 LINES, and in fact some Xba 850 LINES members retained the ancestral spacing of KpnI cleavage sites. The facts that the Xba 850 LINES appear as a subset of the Kpn 1200 LINES and vice versa and that the Xba 850 LINES are restricted to a smaller phylogenetic group than the Kpn 1200 LINES prompted the speculation that the Xba 850 LINES originated by a relatively recent amplification of one or a few Kpn 1200 LINES sequences.

Animals↗