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Biomedical subjects

J W Boyd

Publications and source records attributed to J W Boyd.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Oxaprozin-induced fulminant hepatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To report oxaprozin-induced fulminant hepatic failure. CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old woman was admitted with fulminant hepatic failure. Work-up for potential etiologies was negative except for the use of oxaprozin for the preceding two months. Results of premortem liver biopsy were consistent with drug-induced hepatic injury similar to that previously reported with diclofenac. DISCUSSION: Although the literature describes elevation in hepatic transaminase concentrations associated with oxaprozin, fulminant hepatic failure has not been described previously. CONCLUSIONS: Elevations in hepatic transaminase concentrations and now fulminant hepatic failure have been shown to occur with oxaprozin, as previously seen with other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Transaminitis is a known adverse effect of NSAID use, but is usually mild and reversible with discontinuation of drug. Transaminitis may be more likely to occur in the elderly, in patients receiving concurrent potentially hepatotoxic medications, and possibly with the newer long-acting NSAIDs. The existence of fulminant hepatitis, although rare, supports the need for monitoring liver function enzymes during NSAID therapy.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1989

Serum enzyme changes in newborn calves fed colostrum.

In 10 newborn Holstein calves, which were initially bottle-fed on pooled colostrum, there were transient increases in several serum enzymes. Within a few hours, the mean serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (gammaGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities increased 62.5, 2.4, 2.0, 1.8 and 1.3 fold, respectively. In two other calves given initial feeds of enzyme-free pasteurized milk, there were similar increases in serum enzymes, except serum gammaGT. Correct interpretation of serum enzyme activities in newborn calves must take into account the normal increases which occur after feeding colostrum. Serum gammaGT was the only enzyme to increase markedly as a result of its absorption from colostrum. The other serum enzymes are presumably released from the tissues of the calf. The increased activities of serum CK observed in some newborn calves probably resulted from trauma during birth or increased muscular activity after birth.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Computer model of the absorption and distribution of colostral immunoglobulins in the newborn calf.

The transfer of immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgM), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and added D-xylose from colostrum to serum was investigated in newborn Holstein bull calves. Significant differences were observed in the time courses of the serum concentrations of these colostrum constituents following absorption from pooled colostrum. A computer model was devised to simulate the process of absorption of Ig isotypes, gamma-GT and D-xylose from colostrum in the newborn calf. A Fortran program was used to generate plots of the time course of the concentration of colostrum constituents in serum and other body fluids following a single feed of colostrum. These plots show how the changes in serum concentration of absorbed Ig isotypes, gamma-GT and D-xylose are affected by different rates of intestinal absorption, redistribution in body fluids and removal from plasma. A critical examination of data from the computer model and from the calf feeding experiments supports the view that the absorption of IgG1, IgG2 and IgM is not selective in the calf. The data were compared with earlier studies of the efficiency of the colostral transfer of Ig to the calf. In the present study the transfer efficiencies of IgG1, IgG2, IgM, gamma-GT and D-xylose were 46 per cent, 49 per cent, 47 per cent, 18 per cent and 21 per cent, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The interpretation of serum biochemistry test results in domestic animals.

The interpretation of serum biochemistry tests used in the investigation of disease was reviewed. Different methods of calculating reference ranges for biochemical constituents of serum were discussed. Reference ranges in current laboratory use were analyzed statistically to produce means and coefficients of variation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

The mechanisms relating to increases in plasma enzymes and isoenzymes in diseases of animals.

Changes in plasma or serum enzymes and isoenzymes are useful indicators of tissue damage in many diseases. Enzyme increases are usually related to leakage of enzymes from damaged cells. The amount of increase depends on factors such as the concentration of enzyme in the cells, the rate of leakage of enzyme from cells and the rate of clearance of enzyme from plasma. There are important species variations in the tissue concentrations and plasma clearance rates of enzymes and isoenzymes.

Journal Article↗