The relationships between blood haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and plasma protein concentration in dehydration.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J W Boyd
Publications and source records attributed to J W Boyd.
Ethanol-induced inhibition of chick brain growth.
Retarded fetal brain growth is associated with a high incidence of mental retardation among the offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers. Research using an embryonic chick model suggests that ethanol exposure suppresses fetal development including suppression of brain growth. Total brain cyclic AMP content and endogenous brain protein kinase specific activity are not altered by ethanol; however, ethanol exposure does significantly stimulate kinase catalytic activity measured in the presence of saturating amounts of exogenous cyclic AMP.
Animals↗
The molecular mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). I. Ethanol-induced growth suppression.
Of the birth defects associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy, in situ growth retardation resulting in neonates that are small for gestational age is the most common observation in both humans and animal models. A variety of alcohol-induced alterations in maternal, placental and/or fetal physiology have been proposed as the basis for this retarded fetal growth. The molecular mechanism(s) of this retardation, however, is obscure; and it remains to be determined whether the growth suppression is the result of the action of ethanol or its metabolites on embryonic, maternal or placental tissue. Using the embryonic chick as a model which circumvents changes in maternal and placental function, we have measured ethanol-induced growth suppression as a function of embryonic age and ethanol dosage. The data suggest that ethanol per se suppresses the rate of cell division in embryonic tissue resulting in fewer cells/embryo for a given time of gestation. The suppression of cell division is proportional to the ethanol dose and appears to be related to ethanol-induced changes in the metabolism of the prostaglandin hormones and resulting changes in the cyclic-AMP levels of the developing embryos.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗