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Biomedical subjects

J W Czaczkes

Publications and source records attributed to J W Czaczkes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Na-K-ATPase in isolated rabbit tubules after unilateral nephrectomy and Na+ loading.

Na-K-ATPase activity was studied in tubule segments from the cortex and medulla of rabbit kidneys under normal conditions, after unilateral nephrectomy, and after chronic salt loading. After unilateral nephrectomy kidney weight increased by 37% and Na-K-ATPase activity rose significantly in all nephron segments by 36-200% (P less than 0.01). Oral salt loading for 2 wk with 0.5% NaCl caused an increase in GFR and in absolute sodium excretion as well as reabsorption; plasma aldosterone decreased by 44% (P less than 0.005). In the proximal segments (PCT, CPST, OMPST, and TDL) there were no marked changes in Na-K-ATPase activity, whereas along the whole length of the ascending limb of Henle's loop (iMTAL, MTAL, and CTAL) there was a significant rise in the enzymatic activity of 30-200% (P less than 0.02). In the distal segments (DCT, CCD, and OMCD) there was a marked decrease of 50-60% (P less than 0.005) in Na-K-ATPase activity after the salt loading. We conclude that unilateral nephrectomy caused a general increase in Na-K-ATPase activity along the whole length of the nephron, and salt loading caused a selective increase in enzyme activity along the ascending limb of Henle's loop and decrease in the distal segments.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1984

Ethnic differences in kidney graft survival.

Results of 73 first cadaveric donor renal transplants in Jerusalem between 1975 and 1980 are presented. There was a better 12-month graft survival in Arabs than in Jews (70.8% vs. 40.8%, P less than 0.035); however, 12-month patient survival was similar (83.3% vs. 85.7%). Acute rejection as the primary cause of graft loss occurred in 12.5% of the Arabs and 38.8% of the Jews (P less than 0.05). HLA-A, -B and -DR antigen-sharing was similar in both groups. Early acute rejection episodes had a poorer prognosis in Jews. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed, but the reason for the higher success rate in Arabs remains obscure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Total body retention and intestinal absorption of orally administered calcium-47 in chronic hemodialysis patients.

In order to evaluate the intestinal absorption of calcium in end-stage renal disease, whole-body 47Ca retention was determined using a whole-body counter in 18 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis and in 12 normal volunteers. The results of the above study were compared with those obtained by measuring plasma radioactivity after oral load of 47Ca. A significantly lower whole-body retention of 47Ca was found in hemodialysis patients, as compared with normal subjects, and the results were similar to those of the direct calcium-absorption test. These findings suggest that whole-body 47Ca retention can be used as an index of intestinal calcium absorption in patients with chronic renal failure.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Transient hypoaldosteronism after renal allotransplantation.

Studies were performed to investigate the nature of the hyperkalemia and hypokaliuria observed in two patients after renal allotransplantation in both of whom the graft was functioning and urinary output was adequate. In the first patient, examinations in the upright position revealed low values for plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone. The second patient showed similar findings, and, in addition, an angiotensin II (Hypertensin) infusion was ineffective in stimulating aldosterone secretion during the hyperkalemic state. In both patients, short-term administration of 9 alpha-fluorohydrocortisone caused kaliuresis with a definite decrease in serum potassium. There was a spontaneous correction of the biochemical and hormonal abnormalities six weeks after transplantation and the response to an angiotensin II infusion normalized. We suggest that the hyperkalemia in both of these patients was due primarily to the transient failure of the renin-angiotensin system of the transplanted kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Antiformaldehyde and anti-N-like antibodies in hemodialysis patients.

Seventy-one hemodialysis patients were tested for antibodies to red blood cell antigens; 19 of the 71 had been treated with formaldehyde-sterilized dialysis membranes. The sera of 3 (16%) of these 19 contained anti-N-like antibodies and those of 17 (89%) contained a second agglutinin specific for formaldehyde-treated red blood cells. Anti-N-like and "antiformaldehyde" antibodies appear to be serologically distinct. We suggest that residual formaldehyde in formaldehyde-sterilized dialysis membranes reacts with red blood cells to form an immunogen responsible for antiformaldehyde in patients treated with these membranes.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1978

Nurses' rejection and acceptance of patients. A study of a chronic hemodialysis unit.

A questionnaire used to study the phenomenon of rejection of psychiatric patients by the staff was applied to the nurses of a chronic hemodialysis unit. The main findings of the present study are: (a) High emotional involvment of staff in patients. (b) The tendency to reject was much stronger when compared to the staff of the psychiatric unit. (c) The nurses' tendency to reject patients did not correlate to personality measures used in the study (ATDP and Rotter). (d) Although the amount of rejection varied between the nurses, there was a very definite team opinion about which patients are accepted and rejected. (3) Two factors seem to influence the acceptance/rejection of patients by the staff: patient's adjustment and patients' actual behaviour in the unit. It was suggested that the high involvement as well as high rejection found in the staff is one of the main sources of stress for the nurses. It was further suggested that some of the hostility is caused by frustration of nurses' expectations about patients' adjustment and behaviour.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Effect of uremia on tumor growth in mice.

Outbred Swiss mice of the Hebrew University strain were subtotally nephrectomized. The experimental and control animals were both divided into two subgroups, with one group kept on a regular animal house diet and one on a low-protein diet. All the animals were injected with Ehrlich's ascites tumor cells s.c. into the neck region. Two weeks later, the animals were killed and the tumor was excised and weighed to the nearest milligram. Tumor size in the uremic animals--the nephrectomized animals kept on a regular diet--was significantly smaller than in all other groups, which had blood urea nitrogen levels well within the normal range. It is suggested that urea may be a factor responsible for inhibiting tumor growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Prevalence of elevated blood pressure in a village community with a high incidence of toxemia of pregnancy.

Blood pressure measurements were recorded in 95% of the men and 97% of the women aged 30 to 59 years in a small Israeli village populated by Jews of Kurdish origin and in which a high incidence of toxemia of pregnancy was previously observed. The prevalence of hypertension in the men, as well as in the women, was significantly higher in all age groups studied than in a sample of the general population. These findings support the hypothesis that toxemia of pregnancy is an expression of a preexisting hypertensive state rather than an etiological factor in the development of later hypertension in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Renal failure and interstitial nephritis due to trichloroethylene anesthesia and high-dose penicillin.

An unusual case of acute renal failure is described. The patient, who had no previous history or signs of renal impairment, underwent lumbar laminectomy under general anesthesia with trichloroethylene (Trilene) and nitrous oxide. On the fifth postoperative day i.v. administration of 12 million units of penicillin was started. Within 16 h the patient developed oliguria and a clinical picture of acute renal failure. The course of the disease was prolonged and necessitated four hemadialysis treatments. The patient recovered only about 50% of his renal function. A biopsy performed two months after the onset of the acute renal failure was interpreted as indicating tubulo-interstitial nephritis. The role of trichloroethylene in the etiology of acute renal failure is discussed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

The influence of patient's personality on adjustment to chronic dialysis.

The aim of the present study is to gather data on the influence of certain personality factors an adjustment to chronic hemodialysis. One hundred thirty-six patients underwent predialysis personality assessment by clinical evaluation and all those who survived at least 6 months on dialysis were followed up. The follow-ups were carried out by a nephrologist and a psychiatrist 6 months (100 patients), 12 months (87 patients), 24 months (51 patients), and 36 months (28 patients) after commencement of dialysis. The main findings confirmed the assumption that it is possible to predict, at a highly significant statistical level, all of the major aspects of adjustment: compliance with the diet, rehabilitation, and the patients' psychological condition was reflected by four aspects--depression, suicidal tendencies, anxiety, and psychotic complications. A slight tendency was found to overestimate patients' adjustment potential. The possibility that this was due to stresses not taken into account, e.g., the threat of death, is discussed. Analysis of the limited data of our own unit compared with the rest of the group seems to indicate that our patients fulfilled their potential for adjustment to a higher degree than those in other units, especially in regard to compliance and lack of depression. The presence of a psychiatrist and a social worker on the team may have improved adjustment prospects. The question was raised whether this phenomenon is the result of psychotherapy with the patients or of indirect service, e.g., a psychiatrist on the team promoting the development of a realistic team attitude and reducing physicians' denial. Understanding the specific personality traits that cause specific maladjustment may provide a rational basis for focus-oriented psychotherapeutic intervention, while enabling the planning of optional treatment methods for terminal renal failure.

Aggression↗
PubMed1975

Personality factors influencing vocational rehabilitation.

Fifty male patients with chronic renal conditions and receiving hemodialysis underwent psychiatric examination and repeated followups in a predictive study aimed at elucidating personality factors that influence vocational rehabilitation. Previous level of functioning, satisfaction with work, sick role, and patients' dependency needs were found to influence substantially the level of vocational rehabilitation. All the data collected in the present study indicate that "rehabilitation" should start at a much earlier stage and aim at preventing regression.

Adolescent↗